Figure F2. Location map of the Philippine Sea region. The Izu-Bonin and Mariana arcs and associated trenches form the eastern boundary of the Philippine Sea plate. The western boundary includes the Ryukyu-Kyushu and Philippine arcs and trenches. Back-arc basins such as the Shikoku Basin, Parece Vela Basin, and Mariana Trough were created by seafloor spreading between the formerly contiguous remnant arc (Kyushu-Palau and West Mariana Ridges) and eastward-migrating active volcanic arcs, now represented by the Izu-Bonin and Mariana arcs. IODP Site U1438 is indicated by the pink star in the Amami Sankaku Basin. ODP Site 1201 is indicated by the smaller pink star located in the eastern West Philippine Basin.
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