Figure F6. Interpretation of tectonic evolution of the Bonin Ridge in Ishizuka (2006) based on the concept of Stern and Bloomer (1992). According to this model, subduction initiation is followed by sinking of the slab with slab-parallel subduction and hence normal arc volcanism only beginning later. Later discoveries of fore-arc basalt in the Mariana and Bonin fore arcs (Reagan et al., 2010; Ishizuka et al., 2011) have pushed back to 52–45 Ma, the period addressed by this expedition in an attempt to test this model in detail. BRE = Bonin Ridge Escarpment.
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