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Table T1. Results from laboratory permeability tests, Sites C0001, C0004, C0006, C0007, and C0008.

Core, section,
interval (cm) 		Depth
(mbsf)		 Core
diameter
(m)		 Sample
length
(m)		 Lithology Initial
porosity
(%)		 Run Effective
stress
(MPa)		 Flow rate
(mL/min)		 Fractional
porosity		 Δhead
(m)		 K
(m/s)		 k
(m2)		 k
standard
deviation
(m2)
315-C0001H-
13R-6-WR, 60 346.75 0.056 0.136 Silty clay 54.59 1 0.14 8.59E–03 0.54 1.48 3.88E–10 3.11E–17 2.90E–19
2 0.14 1.32E–02   2.17 4.07E–10 3.26E–17 1.17E–18
3 0.14 9.68E–02   2.56 2.54E–09 2.03E–16 4.03E–18
Averages: 0.14 3.95E–02     1.11E–09 8.89E–17  
1 0.27 6.16E–04 0.52 1.50 2.76E–11 2.21E–18  
2 0.27 8.43E–04   1.93 2.94E–11 2.35E–18 1.56E–20
3 0.27 1.26E–03   2.87 2.94E–11 2.35E–18 2.87E–20
Averages: 0.27 9.06E–04     2.88E–11 2.30E–18 1.35E–20
1 0.41 4.85E–04 0.50 1.25 2.61E–11 2.09E–18  
2 0.41 6.00E–04   2.19 1.84E–11 1.47E–18 1.33E–19
3 0.41 9.19E–04   2.62 2.36E–11 1.88E–18 1.14E–19
Averages: 0.41 6.68E–04     2.27E–11 1.81E–18 1.97E–19
316-C0004D-
29R-CC-WR, 19.5–25.5 277.14 0.062 0.041 Silty claystone 46.00 1 0.14 2.68E–02 0.43 1.09 1.36E–09 1.09E–16 3.26E–18
2 0.14 4.08E–02   2.21 1.02E–09 8.16E–17 2.16E–18
3 0.14 4.90E–02   2.43 1.11E–09 8.90E–17 1.94E–18
Averages: 0.14 3.89E–02   1.91 1.16E–09 9.32E–17  
1 0.27 1.34E–02 0.40 1.55 4.78E–10 3.82E–17  
2 0.27 1.68E–02   1.78 5.21E–10 4.16E–17 6.28E–19
3 0.27 2.47E–02   2.90 4.70E–10 3.76E–17 5.90E–19
Averages: 0.27 1.83E–02   2.08 4.90E–10 3.91E–17 8.63E–19
1 0.41 8.22E–03 0.38 1.55 2.93E–10 2.34E–17  
2 0.41 1.08E–02   1.79 3.34E–10 2.67E–17 3.37E–19
3 0.41 1.54E–02   2.91 2.92E–10 2.33E–17 3.88E–19
Averages: 0.41 1.15E–02   2.08 3.06E–10 2.45E–17 3.31E–19
48R-1-WR, 28–37 359.87 0.056 0.065 Silty clay 46.14 1 0.14 8.39E–04 0.45 1.18 3.20E–10 2.55E–17 2.85E–19
2 0.14 1.53E–03   2.26 3.03E–10 2.42E–17 1.70E–19
3 0.13 4.14E–04   0.66 2.81E–10 2.25E–17 4.58E–19
Averages: 0.14 9.27E–04     3.01E–10 2.41E–17  
1 0.34 3.36E–04 0.43 0.66 2.28E–10 1.82E–17 4.44E–19
2 0.35 8.85E–04   2.26 1.76E–10 1.40E–17 1.89E–19
3 0.34 4.81E–04   1.18 1.83E–10 1.46E–17 3.23E–19
Averages: 0.34 5.67E–04     1.96E–10 1.56E–17  
1 0.55 2.85E–04 0.41 0.66 1.93E–10 1.54E–17 3.73E–19
2 0.55 7.61E–04   2.26 1.51E–10 1.21E–17 1.26E–19
3 0.55 4.79E–04   1.17 1.83E–10 1.46E–17 1.99E–19
Averages: 0.55 5.08E–04     1.76E–10 1.40E–17  
52R-3-WR, 78–94.5 381.07 0.058 0.047 Silty clay 40.15 1 0.14 2.22E–03 0.38 2.90 2.29E–10 1.83E–17 2.68E–19
2 0.14 1.02E–03   1.21 2.52E–10 2.01E–17 5.84E–19
3 0.14 1.33E–03   2.21 1.80E–10 1.44E–17 1.28E–19
Averages: 0.14 1.52E–03     2.20E–10 1.76E–17  
1 0.28 6.44E–04 0.35 1.21 1.59E–10 1.27E–17 3.19E–19
2 0.27 9.89E–04   2.21 1.34E–10 1.07E–17 1.02E–19
3 0.28 1.26E–03   2.59 1.46E–10 1.17E–17 8.80E–20
Averages: 0.28 9.65E–04     1.46E–10 1.17E–17  
1 0.41 1.18E–03 0.31 2.90 1.22E–10 9.74E–18 1.23E–19
2 0.42 6.40E–04   1.90 1.01E–10 8.05E–18 8.29E–20
3 0.41 5.26E–04   1.53 1.03E–10 8.25E–18 6.30E–20
Averages: 0.41 7.82E–04     1.09E–10 8.68E–18  
55R-1-WR, 28.5–36 391.36 0.058 0.070 Silty clay 46.18 1 0.14 1.63E–03 0.46 2.92 2.48E–10 1.98E–17 1.98E–17
2 0.14 5.37E–04   1.20 1.99E–10 1.59E–17 1.59E–17
3 0.14 1.05E–03   2.23 2.10E–10 1.68E–17 1.68E–17
Averages: 0.14 1.07E–03     2.19E–10 1.75E–17  
1 0.28 1.06E–03 0.46 2.57 1.83E–10 1.46E–17 1.46E–17
2 0.28 6.27E–04   1.55 1.80E–10 1.44E–17 1.44E–17
3 0.28 7.62E–04   1.88 1.80E–10 1.44E–17 1.44E–17
Averages: 0.28 8.16E–04     1.81E–10 1.45E–17  
316-C0006E-
19X-4-WR, 97–109 119.62 0.059 0.090 Sandy to silty clay 43.08 1 0.14 2.51E–03 0.40 1.16 3.38E–10 2.71E–17 2.40E–19
2 0.14 4.31E–03   2.25 3.00E–10 2.40E–17 1.79E–19
3 0.14 5.12E–03   2.53 3.17E–10 2.53E–17 1.39E–19
Averages: 0.14 3.98E–03     3.18E–10 2.55E–17  
1 0.27 1.38E–03 0.38 1.16 1.86E–10 1.49E–17 2.94E–19
2 0.27 2.53E–03   2.25 1.76E–10 1.40E–17 2.44E–19
3 0.27 3.23E–03   2.94 1.72E–10 1.38E–17 1.42E–19
Averages: 0.27 2.38E–03     1.78E–10 1.42E–17  
1 0.41 1.29E–03 0.36 1.56 1.29E–10 1.03E–17 1.05E–19
2 0.41 1.76E–03   1.85 1.49E–10 1.19E–17 1.12E–19
3 0.41 2.36E–03   2.53 1.46E–10 1.17E–17 7.81E–20
Averages: 0.41 1.80E–03     1.41E–10 1.13E–17  
34X-3-WR, 84–94 262.09 0.062 0.087 Silty clay 39.47 1 0.14 1.44E–03 0.35 1.54 5.06E–10 4.05E–17 4.98E–19
2 0.14 1.59E–03   1.87 4.62E–10 3.69E–17 7.90E–19
3 0.14 2.25E–03   2.56 4.77E–10 3.81E–17 3.79E–19
Averages: 0.14 1.76E–03     4.82E–10 3.85E–17  
45X-3-WR, 65–75 366.27 0.062 0.084 Silty claystone 41.14 1 0.14 9.71E–04 0.39 1.55 2.94E–10 2.35E–17 2.83E–19
2 0.14 1.22E–03   1.87 3.03E–10 2.43E–17 1.79E–19
3 0.14 1.57E–03   2.56 2.86E–10 2.28E–17 1.30E–19
Averages: 0.14 1.25E–03     2.94E–10 2.35E–17  
1 0.27 2.35E–04 0.37 1.19 9.23E–11 7.38E–18 1.86E–19
2 0.27 4.24E–04   2.24 8.87E–11 7.09E–18 4.08E–20
3 0.27 5.70E–04   2.93 9.13E–11 7.30E–18 1.02E–19
Averages: 0.27 4.10E–04     9.08E–11 7.26E–18  
1 0.41 1.46E–04 0.35 1.19 5.72E–11 4.57E–18 1.55E–19
2 0.41 2.70E–04   2.24 5.63E–11 4.50E–18 8.60E–20
3 0.41 3.14E–04   2.93 5.02E–11 4.01E–18 5.89E–20
Averages: 0.41 2.43E–04     5.46E–11 4.36E–18  
316-C0006F-
17R-1-WW, 65–70* 542.91 0.025 0.028 Silty claystone 38.64 1 19.62 1.62E–05 0.24 1.61 3.39E–12 2.71E–19 6.98E–20
2 19.62 1.69E–05   1.83 3.13E–12 2.50E–19 8.35E–20
3 0.14 2.56E–05   2.99 2.90E–12 2.32E–19 3.41E–20
Averages: 19.62 1.95E–05     3.14E–12 2.51E–19  
316-C0007C-
6X-4-WR, 57–67 55.95 0.048 0.076 Sand to clayey sand 42.57 1 0.14 1.70E–03 0.36 1.17 1.01E–09 8.04E–17 7.31E–19
2 0.14 4.07E–03   2.23 1.27E–09 1.01E–16 1.24E–18
3 0.14 5.11E–03   2.91 1.22E–09 9.76E–17 9.63E–19
Averages: 0.14 3.62E–03     1.17E–09 9.30E–17  
1 0.27 1.24E–03 0.37 1.18 7.33E–10 5.86E–17 6.99E–19
2 0.27 2.50E–03   2.23 7.77E–10 6.21E–17 4.80E–19
3 0.27 2.62E–03   2.55 7.13E–10 5.70E–17 8.33E–19
Averages: 0.27 2.12E–03     7.41E–10 5.92E–17  
1 0.41 1.44E–03 0.31 1.57 6.39E–10 5.10E–17 7.96E–19
2 0.41 2.00E–03   1.88 7.39E–10 5.91E–17 8.29E–19
3 0.41 2.50E–03   2.94 6.03E–10 4.82E–17 4.91E–19
Averages: 0.41 1.98E–03     6.60E–10 5.28E–17  
11X-01-WR, 24–34 100.32 0.057 0.066 Sandy to silty clay 34.85 1 0.14 6.31E–04 0.30 1.57 1.75E–10 1.40E–17 2.53E–19
2 0.14 6.25E–04   1.86 1.46E–10 1.17E–17 6.01E–19
3 0.14 9.92E–04   2.55 1.70E–10 1.36E–17 1.84E–19
Averages: 0.14 7.49E–04     1.64E–10 1.31E–17  
1 0.27 3.49E–04 0.29 1.57 9.66E–11 7.73E–18 2.10E–19
2 0.27 4.79E–04   1.86 1.12E–10 8.96E–18 2.80E–19
3 0.27 6.48E–04   2.55 1.11E–10 8.85E–18 1.40E–19
Averages: 0.27 4.92E–04     1.07E–10 8.51E–18  
1 0.41 2.27E–04 0.30 1.18 8.39E–11 6.71E–18 2.84E–19
2 0.41 4.40E–04   2.25 8.49E–11 6.79E–18 1.21E–19
3 0.41 6.19E–04   2.94 9.13E–11 7.30E–18 1.12E–19
Averages: 0.41 4.28E–04     8.67E–11 6.93E–18  
316-C0007D-
17R-2-WW, 24–34* 324.60 0.025 0.030 Siltstone to silty claystone 49.02 1 19.62 5.96E–05 0.49 1.61 3.80E–11 3.04E–18 5.99E–20
2 19.62 7.09E–05   1.83 3.98E–11 3.18E–18 1.70E–19
3 19.62 1.03E–04   2.99 3.56E–11 2.84E–18 1.84E–19
Averages: 19.62 7.79E–05     3.78E–11 3.02E–18  
23R-4-WR, 4–14 383.89 0.056 0.095 Silty claystone 49.48 1 0.14 6.06E–04 0.49 1.20 3.21E–10 2.57E–17 3.42E–19
2 0.14 6.28E–04   2.23 1.79E–10 1.43E–17 3.08E–19
3 0.14 7.81E–04   2.91 1.70E–10 1.36E–17 1.35E–19
Averages: 0.14 6.71E–04     2.23E–10 1.79E–17  
1 0.27 1.76E–04 0.48 1.21 9.28E–11 7.42E–18 2.64E–19
2 0.27 2.21E–04   2.23 6.13E–11 5.04E–18 1.06E–19
3 0.27 2.61E–04   2.92 5.68E–11 4.54E–18 5.16E–20
Averages: 0.27 2.19E–04     7.03E–11 5.67E–18  
1 0.41 1.36E–04 0.47 1.20 7.16E–11 5.72E–18 3.26E–19
2 0.41 1.61E–04   2.23 4.59E–11 3.67E–18 8.58E–20
3 0.41 2.01E–04   2.92 4.38E–11 3.50E–18 3.38E–20
Averages: 0.41 1.66E–04     5.38E–11 4.30E–18  
29R-2-WR, 77–81* 438.62 0.025 0.035 Silty clay 49.02 1 0.14 7.17E–05 0.41 1.15 2.17E–11 1.73E–18 2.13E–19
2 0.14 1.79E–04   2.29 2.71E–11 2.17E–18 4.84E–20
3 0.14 1.89E–04   2.52 2.59E–11 2.07E–18 1.49E–19
Averages: 0.14 1.46E–04     2.49E–11 1.99E–18  
316-C0008A-
6H-6-WR, 90–100 50.50 0.063 0.072 Silty clay 53.60 1 0.14 1.05E–02 0.51 1.16 3.51E–09 2.81E–16 3.19E–18
2 0.14 1.67E–02   2.21 2.95E–09 2.36E–16 2.84E–18
3 0.14 2.17E–02   2.51 3.36E–09 2.69E–16 3.13E–18
Averages: 0.14 1.63E–02     3.27E–09 2.62E–16  
1 0.27 6.93E–03 0.48 1.15 2.35E–09 1.88E–16 3.71E–18
2 0.27 1.19E–02   2.20 2.10E–09 1.68E–16 2.82E–18
3 0.27 1.47E–02   2.51 2.27E–09 1.82E–16 2.68E–18
Averages: 0.27 1.12E–02     2.24E–09 1.79E–16  
1 0.41 6.41E–03 0.49 1.54 1.62E–09 1.29E–16 1.85E–18
2 0.41 1.11E–02   2.51 1.72E–09 1.37E–16 1.68E–18
3 0.41 1.19E–02   2.89 1.60E–09 1.28E–16 2.12E–18
Averages: 0.41 9.79E–03     1.65E–09 1.31E–16  
12H-6-WR, 88.5–98.5 106.00 0.062 0.048 Silty clay 49.32 1 0.14 5.23E–03 0.37 1.57 8.77E–10 7.02E–17 6.77E–19
2 0.14 9.08E–03   2.51 9.49E–10 7.59E–17 6.88E–19
3 0.14 7.61E–03   2.24 8.91E–10 7.12E–17 1.10E–18
Averages: 0.14 7.30E–03     9.06E–10 7.24E–17  
1 0.27 2.89E–03 0.33 1.14 6.64E–10 5.31E–17 1.12E–18
2 0.27 6.75E–03   2.93 6.06E–10 4.84E–17 3.71E–19
3 0.27 4.46E–03   1.83 6.41E–10 5.12E–17 5.95E–19
Averages: 0.27 4.70E–03     6.37E–10 5.09E–17  
1 0.41 2.66E–03 0.28 1.57 4.45E–10 3.56E–17 7.98E–19
2 0.41 3.56E–03   1.83 5.11E–10 4.08E–17 4.53E–19
3 0.41 4.78E–03   2.51 4.99E–10 3.99E–17 3.15E–19
Averages: 0.41 3.66E–03     4.85E–10 3.88E–17  
20H-4-WR, 96–105 156.33 0.066 0.075 Silty clay 57.29 1 0.14 5.82E–03 0.55 1.16 1.83E–09 1.47E–16 1.55E–18
2 0.14 1.03E–02   2.22 1.71E–09 1.36E–16 9.91E–19
3 0.14 1.35E–02   2.90 1.70E–09 1.36E–16 7.11E–19
Averages: 0.14 9.86E–03     1.75E–09 1.40E–16  
1 0.27 3.95E–03 0.54 1.54 9.39E–10 7.51E–17 4.71E–19
2 0.27 5.21E–03   1.85 1.03E–09 8.26E–17 7.00E–19
3 0.27 6.90E–03   2.53 1.00E–09 7.99E–17 7.05E–19
Averages: 0.27 5.35E–03     9.90E–10 7.92E–17  
1 0.41 2.30E–03 0.52 1.17 7.23E–10 5.78E–17 5.37E–19
2 0.41 4.63E–03   2.22 7.64E–10 6.11E–17 5.10E–19
3 0.41 6.00E–03   2.90 7.57E–10 6.05E–17 3.75E–19
Averages: 0.41 4.31E–03     7.48E–10 5.98E–17  
24H-4-WR, 84.5–94.5 191.14 0.065 0.085 Sandy silt to silty clay 51.57 1 0.14 2.09E–03 0.50 1.18 7.61E–10 6.08E–17 5.43E–19
2 0.14 3.15E–03   1.87 7.26E–10 5.80E–17 2.88E–19
3 0.14 4.80E–03   2.91 7.13E–10 5.70E–17 2.43E–19
Averages: 0.14 3.34E–03     7.33E–10 5.86E–17  
1 0.27 3.00E–05 0.47 1.18 4.70E–10 3.75E–17 4.77E–19
2 0.27 2.49E–03   2.22 4.83E–10 3.86E–17 3.29E–19
3 0.27 3.19E–03   2.91 4.72E–10 3.77E–17 1.57E–19
Averages: 0.27 1.90E–03     4.75E–10 3.79E–17  
1 0.41 1.03E–03 0.45 1.18 3.76E–10 3.01E–17 4.44E–19
2 0.41 2.05E–03   2.22 3.97E–10 3.17E–17 2.02E–19
3 0.41 2.62E–03   2.91 3.87E–10 3.10E–17 5.28E–19
Averages: 0.41 1.90E–03     3.87E–10 3.09E–17  
316-C0008C-
5H-2-WR, 19.5–29.5 34.79 0.056 0.088 Silty clay 58.90 1 0.14 4.05E–03 0.56 1.18 2.02E–09 1.62E–16 1.54E–18
2 0.14 7.01E–03   2.20 1.88E–09 1.50E–16 1.82E–18
3 0.14 8.51E–03   2.89 1.74E–09 1.39E–16 1.24E–18
Averages: 0.14 6.52E–03     1.88E–09 1.50E–16  
1 0.27 2.61E–03 0.53 1.18 1.30E–09 1.04E–16 1.27E–18
2 0.27 4.09E–03   2.21 1.09E–09 8.72E–17 6.73E–19
3 0.27 5.14E–03   2.90 1.05E–09 8.37E–17 6.52E–19
Averages: 0.27 3.94E–03     1.15E–09 9.16E–17  
1 0.41 2.01E–03 0.51 1.19 9.93E–10 7.94E–17 9.83E–19
2 0.41 3.17E–03   2.23 8.83E–10 6.70E–17 7.16E–19
3 0.41 4.05E–03   2.92 8.19E–10 6.55E–17 4.91E–19
Averages: 0.41 3.07E–03     8.98E–10 7.06E–17  
25X-11-WR, 96–104.5 173.96 0.056 0.073 Silty clay 49.09 1 0.14 1.54E–02 0.48 1.16 6.57E–09 5.26E–16 1.28E–17
2 0.14 2.34E–02   2.20 5.28E–09 4.23E–16 6.18E–18
3 0.14 2.52E–02   2.50 4.98E–09 3.98E–16 5.03E–18
Averages: 0.14 2.13E–02     5.61E–09 4.49E–16  
1 0.28 4.57E–03 0.37 1.53 9.96E–09 7.96E–16 7.80E–15
2 0.27 3.58E–03   1.85 9.56E–10 7.64E–17 1.43E–18
3 0.27 4.39E–03   2.23 9.73E–10 7.78E–17 1.48E–18
Averages: 0.27 4.18E–03     3.96E–09 3.17E–16  
1 0.41 3.19E–03 0.35 1.55 1.02E–09 8.16E–17 1.63E–18
2 0.41 2.84E–03   1.85 7.58E–10 6.06E–17 8.25E–19
3 0.41 5.87E–03   2.91 9.99E–10 7.98E–17 7.93E–19
Averages: 0.41 3.97E–03     9.26E–10 7.40E–17  

* = 2.5 cm diameter samples, for which porosity change is subject to large error.

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