Table T4. Pollen morphotypes and temporal and regional occurrences, Expedition 339.
More abundant pollen morphotype
|
Epoch
|
Age (Ma)
|
Region
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Mediterranean forest: Deciduous Quercus, evergreen Quercus, Pinus, Olea, Phillyrea, Pistacia, Cistus Semidesert: Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedra dystachia type, Ephedra fragilis type Others: Ericaceae, Cupressaceae, Asteraceae |
Holocene Late Pleistocene Late mid-Pleistocene | ~0.425–present | Southwest Iberia (Lézine and Denèfle, 1997; Sánchez Goñi et al., 1999, 2000, 2008, 2009; Roucoux et al., 2006; Margari et al., 2010) |
|
Temperate and subtropical plants: Deciduous Quercus, Ericaceae High/mid-altitude conifers: Cedrus, Abies, Tsuga (presence), Picea (presence) Semidesert: Artemisia, Ephedra Herbs: Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Poaceae Others: Pinus |
Early mid-Pleistocene Early Pleistocene Gelasian | 2.6–0.425 | Southeast Iberia (Joannin et al., 2011, for MIS 31–23) |
|
Mega-mesothermic trees: Cathaya, Engelhardtia, Sequoia, Myrica, Taxodium Mediterranean xerophytes: Olea, Phillyrea, Cistus, Rhamnaceae, evergreen Quercus Others: Ericaceae, Pinus |
Pliocene | 5.3–2.6 | Southwest Iberia (Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2010) |
|
Herbs: Poaceae, Asteraceae Semidesert: Lygeum, Neurada Trees: Pinus, deciduous Quercus |
Messinian | 7.2–5.3 | Southwest Iberia (Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2010) |
|
Herbs: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Nitraria, Calligonum Semidesert: Lygeum, Neurada Trees: Pinus, deciduous Quercus, Taxodiaceae, Myrica, Alnus |
South Iberia (Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2010) | ||
|
High/mid-altitude conifers: Cathaya, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies, Picea Herbs and shrubs: Poaceae, Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae, Ephedra, Plumbaginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Plantago, Tamarix, Nitraria, Lygeum, Prosopis, Neurada, Calligonum Others: Pinus |
Tortonian | ~11.6–7.2 | South Iberia (Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2010) |
MIS = marine isotope stage.
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