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Main facies
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Subfacies
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Facies
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Description
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Marine microfossils
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Lithostratigraphic unit
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Tentative depositional environment/diagenesis
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Mud
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Massive mud with lonestones
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F1a
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(Very) dark gray to dark greenish gray;
Facies thickness from 3 cm to 3 m;
With dispersed to abundant clasts;
Bioturbation mostly absent, occasionally slight to heavy bioturbation;
Occasional shell fragments and foraminifers;
Subangular to subrounded lonestones, including sandstone, argillite, siltstone, igneous rocks, granite, basalt, metasediment, greenstone, mudstone(?), quartz, quartzite, rhyolite, gneiss, greywacke, vein quartz, and metaigneous;
Occasional occurrence of pods of sand and granules;
Occasional occurrence of mud laminae;
Inclined basal contact and wedge-shaped mud lamina and parallel/horizontal clast orientation in Cores 341-U1420A-92R and 93R;
Interbedded with Facies F1c, F4e, F4f, F5b, F5c, and F7
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Rare foraminifers
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III
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Suspension fall-out, ice rafting, or sediment gravity flows
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Massive mud without lonestones
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F1b
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Dark greenish gray to very dark gray;
Facies thickness from 3 cm to 4.09 m;
Shell fragments present;
Mostly moderate to heavy bioturbation;
Interbedded with Facies F1a and F4f
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Rare diatoms and foraminifers
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III
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Suspension fall-out and sediment gravity flows
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Diamict
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Clast-poor diamict
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F4e
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(Very) dark gray;
Facies thickness from 11 cm to 2.75 m;
Mostly silty and sandy mud matrix;
Subrounded to subangular granule and pebble clasts, including argillite, basalt, chert, conglomerate, gneiss, granite, mudstone, quartz, sandstone, siltstone, quartz veins, arkosic sandstones, conglomerate, and greenstone;
Occasionally more muddy intervals and very thin mud beds;
Rare mud clasts and single sand laminae;
Some shell fragments;
Bioturbation absent;
Interbedded with Facies F1a, F4f, and F7
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Not documented
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I, III
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Suspension setting, ice rafting (mainly by icebergs)
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Clast-rich diamict
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F4f
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Very dark gray;
Facies thickness from 2 cm to 5.56 m;
Mostly muddy occasionally silty and sandy matrix;
Subrounded to subangular granule and pebble clasts, including sandstone, siltstone, granite, basalt, metasiltstone, greenstone, quartz, vein quartz, rhyolite, mudstone, gneiss, argillite, greywacke, quartzite, gabbro, vesicular basalt, shale, metasandstone, quartz-mica schist, diorite, mica-rich gneiss, and pink feldspar;
One interval with preferred orientation;
Very rarely trace amounts of volcanic ash and shell fragments;
Bioturbation absent;
Interbedded with Facies F1a, F1c, F4e, and F5c
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Occasional foraminifers
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I, III
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Suspension setting, ice rafting (mainly by icebergs)
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Biosiliceous ooze; biosiliceous-rich/bearing mud and/or sand; mud with diatoms/biosilica
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F5b
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Dark greenish gray;
Facies thickness from 42 cm to 1.4 m;
Mud with dispersed clasts containing small traces of diatoms and sponge spicules (based on smear slides from Samples 341-U1420A-59R-2A, 90 cm, and 59R-3A, 60 cm);
Occasionally with shell fragments;
Very rarely traces of volcanic ash;
Bioturbation absent or heavy;
Interbedded with Facies F1a
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Diatoms, sponge spicules
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III
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Temporarily increased productivity and/or reduced suspension settling and/or better preservation
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Calcareous/ carbonate-bearing/rich mud, silt, sand, diamict, and/or diatom ooze
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F5c
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Very dark gray to dark greenish gray;
Facies thickness from 42 cm to 2.81 m;
Foraminifers and shell fragments in muddy clast-rich diamict and mud;
One ostracod in sandy clast-rich diamict (smear slide from Sample 341-U1420A-71R-1A, 81 cm);
Rare gastropods in mud;
Bioturbation absent to heavy;
Interbedded with Facies F1a and F4f
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Foraminifers, ostracod, gastropod
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I, III
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Temporarily increased productivity and/or reduced suspension settling and/or better preservation
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Volcaniclastic mud, sand, diamict, and/or ooze
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F7
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Very dark gray to dark greenish gray;
Facies thickness from 18 cm to 1.4 m;
In (sandy) clast-rich diamict and mud;
Interbedded with Facies F1a and F4e
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Not documented
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III
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Volcanic detritus either bioturbated or reworked/redeposited by sediment gravity flows
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