Table T1. Age estimates of calcareous nannofossil datum events, Expedition 342.
|
Zone/ Subzone base |
Species event |
GTS2012 age (Ma) |
Calibration reference |
Expedition 320 age (Ma) |
Calibration reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NN21 | B Emiliania huxleyi | 0.29 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 0.29 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| NN20 | T Pseudoemiliania lacunosa | 0.44 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 0.44 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| Tc Reticulofenestra asanoi | 0.91 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 0.91 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| Br Gephyrocapsa (>4 µm) | 1.04 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.01 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| Bc Reticulofenestra asanoi | 1.14 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.14 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| T Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) | 1.24 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.26 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| T Helicosphaera sellii | 1.26 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.34 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) | 1.62 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.56 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| T Calcidiscus macintyrei | 1.60 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.61 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Gephyrocapsa (>4 µm) | 1.73 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.69 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN19 | T Discoaster brouweri | 1.93 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 1.93 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| Bc Discoaster triradiatus | 1.95 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 2.14 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN18 | T Discoaster pentaradiatus | 2.39 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 2.39 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| NN17 | T Discoaster surculus | 2.49 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 2.49 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary | 2.59 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | NA | ||
| T Discoaster tamalis | 2.80 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 2.8 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| T Sphenolithus spp. | 3.54 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 3.54 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN16 | T Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus | 3.70 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 3.7 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| NN15 | T Amaurolithus | 3.92 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| NN14 | Bc Discoaster asymmetricus | 4.13 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| T Ceratolithus acutus | 5.04 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.04 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN13 | B Ceratolithus rugosus | 5.12 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.05 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| T Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 5.28 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.28 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| Miocene/Pliocene boundary | 5.33 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.33 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Ceratolithus larrymayeri | 5.34 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.34 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Ceratolithus acutus | 5.35 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.35 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN12 | T Discoaster quinqueramus | 5.59 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.58 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| Tc Nicklithus amplificus | 5.94 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 5.98 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| X Nicklithus amplificus/Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 6.79 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 6.79 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Nicklithus amplificus | 6.91 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 6.91 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Amaurolithus spp. | 7.42 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 7.36 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN11 | B Discoaster berggrenii | 8.29 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 8.29 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| T Catinaster calyculus | 9.67 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 9.67 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN10 | T Discoaster hamatus | 9.53 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 9.69 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| T Catinaster coalitus | 9.69 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 9.69 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN9 | B Discoaster hamatus | 10.55 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 10.55 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| T Coccolithus miopelagicus | 10.97 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 10.6 | Raffi et al., 2005 | |
| B Catinaster calyculus | 10.79 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 10.76 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN8 | B Catinaster coalitus | 10.89 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 10.89 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| Tc Discoaster kugleri | 11.58 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 11.58 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN7 | Bc Discoaster kugleri | 11.90 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 11.86 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| T Coronocyclus nitescens | 12.12 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 12.12 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| T Calcidiscus premacintyrei | 12.38 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 12.45 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| Tc Cyclicargolithus floridanus | 11.85 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 13.33 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN6 | T Sphenolithus heteromorphus | 13.53 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 13.53 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| NN5 | T Helicosphaera ampliaperta | 14.91 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 14.91 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| Tc Discoaster deflandrei | 15.80 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 15.66 | Raffi et al., 2005 | |
| B Discoaster petaliformis* | 15.85 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 15.7 | Raffi et al., 2005 | |
| Bc Sphenolithus heteromorphus | 17.71 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 17.71 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN4 | Tc Sphenolithus belemnos | 17.95 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 17.95 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| NN3 | T Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus | 18.28 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 18.28 | Lourens et al., 2004 |
| B Sphenolithus belemnos | 19.03 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 19.03 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Helicosphaera ampliaperta | 20.43 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 20.43 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| X Helicosphaera euphratis/H. carteri | 20.92 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 20.92 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| Tc Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 22.09 | Raffi et al., 2005 | ||
| B Sphenolithus disbelemnos | 22.76 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 22.76 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN2 | B Discoaster druggii | 22.82 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Oligocene/Miocene boundary | 23.03 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 23.03 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| T Sphenolithus delphix | 23.11 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 23.1 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| B Sphenolithus delphix | 23.21 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 23.2 | Lourens et al., 2004 | |
| NN1 | T Sphenolithus ciperoensis | 24.43 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 24.4 | Blaj et al., 2009 |
| X Triquetrorhabdulus longus/Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus | 24.67 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 24.7 | Blaj et al., 2009 | |
| Tc Cyclicargolithus abisectus | 24.67 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 24.7 | Lyle et al., 2002 | |
| NP25 | T Sphenolithus distentus | 26.84 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 26.8 | Blaj et al., 2009 |
| T Sphenolithus predistentus | 26.93 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 26.9 | Blaj et al., 2009 | |
| T Sphenolithus pseudoradians | 28.73 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 28.8 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| NP24 | B Sphenolithus ciperoensis | 29.62 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 27.1 | Blaj et al., 2009 |
| B Sphenolithus distentus | 30.00 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 30.0 | Blaj et al., 2009 | |
| NP23 | T Reticulofenestra umbilicus (>14 µm) | 32.02 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 32.0 | Blaj et al., 2009 |
| T Isthmolithus recurvus | 32.49 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 32.5 | Villa et al., 2008 | |
| NP22 | T Coccolithus formosus | 32.92 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 32.9 | Blaj et al., 2009 |
| Ta Clausicoccus subdistichus | 33.43 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | NA | ||
| Eocene/Oligocene boundary | 33.89 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 33.8 | Pälike et al., 2006 | |
| NP21 | T Discoaster saipanensis | 34.44 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 34.4 | Blaj et al., 2009 |
| T Discoaster barbadiensis | 34.76 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 34.8 | Blaj et al., 2009 | |
| T Reticulofenestra reticulata | 35.40 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 35.2 | Backman, 1987 | |
| NP19/20 | B Isthmolithus recurvus | 36.97 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 36.6 | Backman, 1986 |
| NP18 | Bc Chiasmolithus oamaruensis | 37.32 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 37.0 | Berggren et al., 1995 |
| T Chiasmolithus grandis | 37.98 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 37.1 | Backman, 1987 | |
| B Dictyococcites bisectus (>10 µm)† | 40.36 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 38.0 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| NP17 | T Chiasmolithus solitus | 40.40 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 40.4 | Berggren et al., 1995 |
| B Reticulofenestra reticulata | 41.66 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 42.0 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| T Nannotetrina spp. | 41.85 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 42.3 | Backman, 1987 | |
| B Reticulofenestra umbilicus (>14 µm) | 41.94 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 42.5 | Backman, 1987 | |
| NP16 | T Nannotetrina fulgens | 42.87 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 43.4 | Backman, 1986 |
| NP15c | T Chiasmolithus gigas | 44.12 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 44.0 | Backman, 1986 |
| B Sphenolithus furcatolithoides | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 45.8 | Jovane et al., 2007 | ||
| NP15b | B Chiasmolithus gigas | 45.49 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 46.1 | Agnini et al., 2006 |
| NP15a | B Nannotetrina fulgens | 46.29 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 46.8 | Agnini et al., 2006 |
| B Nannotetrina cristata | 47.73 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 48.0 | Agnini et al., 2006 | |
| T Discoaster lodoensis | 47.41 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 48.4 | Agnini et al., 2006 | |
| B Blackites inflatus | 47.84 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | NA | ||
| NP14 | B Discoaster sublodoensis (5 rayed) | 49.11 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 49.5 | Agnini et al., 2006 |
| B Dictyococcites/Reticulofenestra | 50.50 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 50.7 | Agnini et al., 2006 | |
| NP13 | T Tribrachiatus orthostylus | 50.50 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 50.7 | Agnini et al., 2006 |
| B Girgisia gammation | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 52.8 | Agnini et al., 2007 | ||
| NP12 | B Discoaster lodoensis | 53.70 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 53.1 | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| NP11 | T Tribrachiatus contortus | 54.17 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 53.5 | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| B Sphenolithus radians | 54.17 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 53.5 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| B Tribrachiatus orthostylus | 54.37 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 53.7 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| B Discoaster diastypus | 54.95 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 54.1 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| T Fasciculithus spp. | 55.64 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 54.7 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| NP10 | B Rhomboaster bramlettei | 55.86 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 55.0 | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| B Rhomboaster spp. | 55.96 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 55.0 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| Paleocene/Eocene boundary | 55.96 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 55.0 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| Fasciculithus div. decline | 56 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| T Ericsonia robusta >9 µm‡ | 57.1 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 55.9 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| T Fasciculithus alanii | 56 | Dallanave et al. 2012 | |||
| NP9 | B Discoaster multiradiatus | 57.21 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 56.0 | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| Tc Sphenolithus anarrhopus | Dallanave et al. 2012 | ||||
| B Ericsonia robusta >9 µm‡ | 57.54 | Dallanave et al. 2012 | |||
| B Discoaster delicatus‡ | 57.45 | Dallanave et al. 2012 | |||
| B Fasciculithus richardii | Dallanave et al. 2012 | ||||
| B Discoaster okadai | 57.35 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 56.2 | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| B Discoaster nobilis | 57.5 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 56.2** | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| Tc Discoaster backmanii‡ | 57.57 | Dallanave et al. 2012 | 56.9** | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| B Discoaster backmanii‡ | 58.28 | Dallanave et al. 2012 | |||
| NP8 | B Heliolithus riedellii | 58.7 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| NP7 | B Discoaster mohleri | 58.97 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 57.6** | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| B Fasciculithus clinatus | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 57.7** | Agnini et al., 2007 | ||
| NP6 | B Heliolithus kleinpellii | 59.54 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 58.0** | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| B Sphenolithus anarrhopus‡ | 59.4 | Dallanave et al. 2012 | 58.1** | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| B Heliolithus cantabriae | 59.60 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 58.3** | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| NP5 | B Fasciculithus tympaniformis | 61.51 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 59.9** | Agnini et al., 2007 |
| B Fasciculithus, second radiation | 61.59 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| B Neochiastozygus perfectus | 61.76 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | 60.44** | Agnini et al., 2007 | |
| B Sphenolithus moriformis | 61.98 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| B Chiasmolithus bidens/edentulus | 62.07 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| B Fasciculithus, first radiation | 62.13 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| B Toweius pertusus | Dallanave et al. 2012 | ||||
| NP4 | B Ellipsolithus macellus | 63.25 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| B Prinsius dimorphosus | Dallanave et al. 2012 | ||||
| B Prinsius tenuiculus | Dallanave et al. 2012 | ||||
| NP3 | B Chiasmolithus danicus | 64.81 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| B Cruciplacolithus tenuis | 65.47 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| NP2 | B Cruciplacolithus intermedius | ?65.47 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| B Cruciplacolithus primus (3.5−5 µm) | 65.76 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| B Coccolithus pelagicus | Dallanave et al. 2012 | ||||
| B Neobiscutum parvulum | 65.9 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| T Micula murus, other Cretaceous nannofossils | 66.04 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| NP1 | B Biantholithus sparsus; Ba calcispheres | 66.04 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary | 66.04 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC20d | B Cribrosphaerella daniae (oldest possible) | 66.76 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC20d | B Micula prinsii | 67.3 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC20c | B Ceratolithoides kamptneri | 67.84 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC20b | B Nephrolithus frequens | 67.84 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC20b | B Micula murus | 69 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| B Cribrocorona gallica | 69 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC20 | B Lithraphidites quadratus | 69.18 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC19 | T Reinhardtites levis | 70.14 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC18 | T Tranolithus orionatus | 71.01 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC18 | T Uniplanarius trifidus | 71.31 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC17 | T Broinsonia parca constricta | 72.02 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary | 72.05 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC16d | T Monomarginatus quaternarius | 72.18 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC16a | T Reinhardtites anthophorus | 74.51 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC16a | T Eiffellithus eximius | 74.51 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| T Lithastrinus grillii | 79.73 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC14b | B Broinsonia parca constricta | 81.38 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC13 | B Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis | 83.2 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Santonian/Campanian boundary | 83.64 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC12 | T Lithastrinus septenarius | 85.56 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Coniacian /Santonian boundary | 88.26 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC11 | B Lithastrinus grillii | 86.5 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC10 | B Micula stauropora | 89.77 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Turonian/Coniacian boundary | 89.77 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC9 | B Lithastrinus septenarius sensu lato | 91.78 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC8 | B Eiffellithus eximius | 92.99 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC7 | B Quadrum gartneri | 93.55 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC6b | B Eprolithus moratus | 93.73 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Cenomanian/Turonian boundary | 93.9 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC6a | T Helenea chiastia | 93.9 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC5 | B Lithraphidites acutus | 94.39 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC3e | T Corollithion kennedyi | 94.64 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC3a | B Lithraphidites acutus | 96.16 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC1a | B Corollithion kennedyi | 100.45 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| Albian/Cenomanian boundary | 100.5 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | |||
| UC0b | T Hayesites | 100.84 | Gradstein et al., 2012 | ||
| UC0a | B Eiffellithus turriseiffelii | 103.13 | Gradstein et al., 2012 |
* = Discoaster signus in Raffi et al. (2006), † = from Fornaciari et al. (2010) recalibrated to Gradstein et al. (2012) timescale (GTS2012), ‡ = from Agnini et al. (2007) recalibrated to GTS2012. ** = age given by Agnini et al. (2007) using the Cande and Kent (1995) timescale. Chiasmolithus danicus is Chiasmolithus edwardsii of some authors. Dallanave et al. (2012) recalibrated to GTS2012. B = bottom, T = top, Tc = top common, Br = bottom rare, Bc = bottom common, X = abundance crossover. Ta = top of acme. NA = not available.
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