TY - JOUR AB - Voluminous volcanic intrusive activity took place in the Vøring and Møre basins at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary at about 56 Ma. This event caused thermal maturation of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the basins. We have estimated the resulting thermogenic gas generation potential from contact metamorphism using numerical simulations calibrated using borehole data. The borehole 6607/5-2 from the Utgard sill complex in the Vøring Basin contains two c. 100 m thick sills and is used as a case study. We present both new and compiled data showing that (1) the bulk organic content is reduced towards the sill intrusions, (2) a c. 1 km thick stratigraphic interval is thermally affected, based on vitrinite reflectance data, (3) relative emplacement timing can affect the gas yield by up to 25%, and (4) some of the thermogenic methane is still present in the aureoles. The numerical model is calibrated using data from 11 wells. We estimate that the total gas generation potential for the two Utgard sills equals that of the Troll field (c. 10 Gt CH4), the largest producing gas field offshore Norway. We show that in the Vøring and Møre basins, the total gas generation potential is up to 1500 Gt CH4 (c. 1100 Gt C), even from the relatively organic-poor Cretaceous source rocks with c. 1 wt% organic carbon, with implications for the carbon cycle at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary. AU - Aarnes, I. AU - Planke, S. AU - Trulsvik, M. AU - Svensen, H. DO - https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2014-098 IS - 5 PY - 2015 SN - 0016-7649 SP - 588–598 ST - Contact metamorphism and thermogenic gas generation in the Vøring and Møre Basins, offshore Norway, during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum T2 - Journal of the Geological Society (London, UK) TI - Contact metamorphism and thermogenic gas generation in the Vøring and Møre Basins, offshore Norway, during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum UR - https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2014-098 VL - 172 Y2 - 1/22/2021 ID - 6861 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large volumes of greenhouse gases such as CH4 and CO2 form by contact metamorphism of organic-rich sediments in aureoles around sill intrusions in sedimentary basins. Thermogenic gas generation and dehydration reactions in shale are treated numerically in order to quantify basin-scale devolatilization. We show that aureole thicknesses, defined as the zone of elevated metamorphism relative to the background level, vary within 30–250% of the sill thickness, depending on the temperature of the host-rock and intrusion, besides the sill thickness. In shales with total organic carbon content of >5wt.%, CH4 is the dominant volatile (85–135kg/m3) generated through organic cracking, relative to H2O-generation from dehydration reactions (30–110kg/m3). Even using conservative estimates of melt volumes, extrapolation of our results to the scale of sill complexes in a sedimentary basin indicates that devolatilization can have generated ∼2700–16200Gt CH4 in the Karoo Basin (South Africa), and ∼600–3500Gt CH4 in the Vøring and Møre basins (offshore Norway). The generation of volatiles is occurring on a time-scale of 10–1000years within an aureole of a single sill, which makes the rate of sill emplacement the time-constraining factor on a basin-scale. This study demonstrates that thousands of gigatons of potent greenhouse gases like methane can be generated during emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces in sedimentary basins. AU - Aarnes, I. AU - Svensen, H. AU - Connolly, J.A.D. AU - Podladchikov, Y.Y. DA - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.011 IS - 24 PY - 2010 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 7179–7195 ST - How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.011 VL - 74 ID - 6027 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Quantification of fluid generation during contact metamorphism of shale is important for the understanding of metamorphic processes, fluid flow in sedimentary basins and perturbations of the global carbon cycle. In this study we provide geochemical and numerical analyses from the organic-rich Ecca Group in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, which was affected by contact metamorphism from multiple sill intrusions in the Early Jurassic. Organic matter was efficiently converted to hydrocarbons during contact metamorphism, and complete loss of organic carbon in the innermost aureole is common. Mineral dehydration reactions are evident from the occurrence of metamorphic minerals like biotite and loss of the clay fraction towards the intrusive contact. We have developed a numerical model in order to quantify fluid production from both inorganic and organic reactions during contact metamorphism. The modelling results are constrained by data from two case studies in the Karoo Basin in order to obtain reliable estimates of the carbon loss from metamorphism of shale. We show that single, thin (~15m thick) sills have a gas production potential of several gigatons of methane (CH4) if emplaced over a >1000km2 area. Furthermore, the vertical spacing between simultaneously emplaced sills has an important influence on the gas generation potential. When two sills are emplaced with a vertical spacing of ~7 times the intrusion thickness, the total CH4 generation is up to ~35% more than for two separate sills. Data and modelling from five sills emplaced within the Ecca Group show hydrocarbon generation throughout the organic-rich section, with total carbon loss next to the sills. This has implications for the fluid production and metamorphism in volcanic basins where multiple sills are common. AU - Aarnes, I. AU - Svensen, H. AU - Polteau, S. AU - Planke, S. DA - 2011/02/24/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.007 IS - 3–4 KW - Organic maturation Large Igneous Provinces Modelling fluid generation Multiple intrusions N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254110004419 PY - 2011 SN - 0009-2541 SP - 181–194 ST - Contact metamorphic devolatilization of shales in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, and the effects of multiple sill intrusions T2 - Chemical Geology TI - Contact metamorphic devolatilization of shales in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, and the effects of multiple sill intrusions UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.007 VL - 281 ID - 6862 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To understand the role played by microorganisms in the formation of cold seep carbonates, we conducted an integrated microbial, mineralogical and organic geochemical study of methane-related authigenic carbonate crusts formed on eastern Mediterranean mud volcanoes. We show that supersaturation with respect to carbonate minerals is induced by microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane. Combined lipid biomarker analysis and 16S rRNA gene surveys identified a highly diversified methane-consuming archaeal community possibly comprising novel species, implying that the anaerobic oxidation of methane is phylogenetically widespread and directly implicating these organisms in the process of crust precipitation. Moreover, pore-water sulphate gradients produced by co-occurring methane-based sulphate reduction exert the main control on aragonite versus magnesian calcite precipitation. We propose that this may be the dominant mode of carbonate crust formation at cold seeps world-wide, in agreement with aquatic chemistry predictions and explaining carbonate mineralogy. AU - Aloisi, Giovanni AU - Bouloubassi, Ioanna AU - Heijs, Sander K. AU - Pancost, Richard D. AU - Pierre, Catherine AU - Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S. AU - Gottschal, Jan C. AU - Forney, Larry J. AU - Rouchy, Jean-Marie DA - 2002/10/15/ IS - 1 KW - cold seeps carbonates oxidation anaerobic environment DNA lipids biomarkers PY - 2002 SN - 0012-821X SP - 195–203 ST - CH4-consuming microorganisms and the formation of carbonate crusts at cold seeps T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - CH4-consuming microorganisms and the formation of carbonate crusts at cold seeps UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00878-6 VL - 203 ID - 6717 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Andrén, T., Jørgensen, B.B., Cotterill, C., Green, S., and the Expedition 347 Scientists AU - Andrén, T., Jørgensen, B.B., Cotterill, C., Green, S., Andrén, E., Ash, J., Bauersachs, T., Cragg, B., Fanget, A.-S., Fehr, A., Granoszewski, W., Groeneveld, J., Hardisty, D., Herrero-Bervera, E., Hyttinen, O., Jensen, J.B., Johnson, S., Kenzler, M., Kotilainen, A., Kotthoff, U., Marshall, I.P.G., Martin, E., Obrochta, S., Passchier, S., Quintana Krupinski, N., Riedinger, N., Slomp, C., Snowball, I., Stepanova, A., Strano, S., Torti, A., Warnock, J., Xiao, N., and Zhang, R. CY - College Station, TX DO - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.347.102.2015 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Sodertorn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Huddinge Affiliation (monographic): Sodertorn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Huddinge, Sweden Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 347 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N550000 N625800 E0181600 E0094800 illus., incl. 5 tables, sketch maps Contains 89 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Baltic Sea paleoenviornment; Expedition 347 of the mission-specific drilling platform from and to Kiel, Germany; Sites M0059-M0067, 12 September-1 November 2013, Thomas Andren, Bo Barker Jorgensen, Carol Cotterill, Annick Fehr, Sophie Green, Elinor Andren, Jeanine Ash, Thorsten Bauersachs, Barry Cragg, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Wojciech Granoszewski, Jeroen Groeneveld, Dalton Hardisty, Emilio Herrero-Bervera, Outi Hyttinen, Jorn Bo Jensen, Sean Johnson, Michael Kenzler, Aarno Kotilainen, Ulrich Kotthoff, Ian P. G. Marshall, Ellen Martin, Stephen Obrochta, Sandra Passchier, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Natascha Riedinger, Caroline Slomp, Ian Snowball, Anna Stepanova, Sarah Strano, Andrea Torti, Jonathan Warnock, Nan Xiao and Rui Zhang; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 347 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Online), Vol.347, 63p. Publisher: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International for the Integrated Drilling Program (IODP), Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2015021901 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.347.102.2015 KW - Algae Arthropoda Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Cores Correlation Crustacea Diatoms Expedition 347 Foraminifera Geomicrobiology Holocene Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Lithostratigraphy Magnetic properties Magnetic susceptibility Magnetostratigraphy Mandibulata Marine sediments Microfossils Microorganisms North Atlantic Ostracoda Paleomagnetism Palynomorphs Physical properties Plantae Pleistocene Pore water Protista Quaternary Sediments Upper Pleistocene Well logs 24 Surficial Geology, Quaternary Geology LA - English PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2015 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.347.102.2015 VL - 347 ID - 5013 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We have developed a new robust maximum likelihood method for estimating the unbiased mean inclination from inclination-only data. In paleomagnetic analysis, the arithmetic mean of inclination-only data is known to introduce a shallowing bias. Several methods have been introduced to estimate the unbiased mean inclination of inclination-only data together with measures of the dispersion. Some inclination-only methods were designed to maximize the likelihood function of the marginal Fisher distribution. However, the exact analytical form of the maximum likelihood function is fairly complicated, and all the methods require various assumptions and approximations that are often inappropriate. For some steep and dispersed data sets, these methods provide estimates that are significantly displaced from the peak of the likelihood function to systematically shallower inclination. The problem locating the maximum of the likelihood function is partly due to difficulties in accurately evaluating the function for all values of interest, because some elements of the likelihood function increase exponentially as precision parameters increase, leading to numerical instabilities. In this study, we succeeded in analytically cancelling exponential elements from the log-likelihood function, and we are now able to calculate its value anywhere in the parameter space and for any inclination-only data set. Furthermore, we can now calculate the partial derivatives of the log-likelihood function with desired accuracy, and locate the maximum likelihood without the assumptions required by previous methods. To assess the reliability and accuracy of our method, we generated large numbers of random Fisher-distributed data sets, for which we calculated mean inclinations and precision parameters. The comparisons show that our new robust Arason–Levi maximum likelihood method is the most reliable, and the mean inclination estimates are the least biased towards shallow values. AU - Arason, S. AU - Levi, S. DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04671.x IS - 2 PY - 2010 SN - 0956-540X SP - 753–771 ST - Maximum likelihood solution for inclination-only data in paleomagnetism T2 - Geophysical Journal International TI - Maximum likelihood solution for inclination-only data in paleomagnetism UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04671.x VL - 182 Y2 - 1/5/2021 ID - 6513 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Calcareous nannofossils are widely used in Cenozoic marine biostratigraphy. At present, the two most widely used calcareous nannofossil biozonations were established approximately 40 years ago. These were derived from marine land sections and Deep Sea Drilling Project rotary cored sediments. Over nearly three decades, we have generated Miocene through Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil data from deep sea sediments in low and middle latitude regions. The sediments used here have been mostly recovered using the advanced piston coring technique, generating less core disturbance and complete recovery via multiple penetration of the sediment column at single sites. A consistent trait in our work on calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy has been to use semi-quantiative methods in combination with short sample distances, close enough to capture the details of the abundance behaviour of individual calcareous nannofossil taxa. Such data represent the foundation of the new biozonation presented here, which still partly relies on the pioneering work presented by Erlend Martini and David Bukry about 40 years ago. A key aim here has been to employ a limited set of selected biohorizons for the purpose of establishing a relatively coarsely resolved and stable biozonation. We present 31 biozones using a new code system: CNM1-CNM20; Calcareous Nannofossil Miocene biozones 1 through 20. CNPL1-CNPL11; Calcareous Nannofossil Plio-Pleistocene biozones 1 through 11. As the new biozonation encompasses 23 million years, the average biozone resolution becomes 0.74 million years, ranging from 0.15 to 2.20 million years. A single biohorizon is used for the definition of each biozone boundary. Auxiliary markers are avoided, as well as subzones, in order to maintain stability to the new biozonation. Virtually every biozone holds one or several additional biohorizons. These, together with all biozone boundary markers, are assigned age estimates derived chiefly from astronomically tuned cyclostratigraphies. AU - Backman, Jan AU - Raffi, Isabella AU - Rio, Domenico AU - Fornaciari, Eliana AU - Pälike, Heiko IS - 3 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm Affiliation (monographic): Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden Contains 77 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 45(3), p.221-244. Publisher: Gebrüder Bornträger, Berlin-Stuttgart, Germany. ISSN: 0078-0421 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany GeoRef ID: 2015053380 DOI: 10.1127/0078-0421/2012/0022 KW - Algae Biochronology Biomarkers Biostratigraphy Biozones Cenozoic Cyclic processes Deep Sea Drilling Project Microfossils Miocene Nannofossils Neogene Plantae Pleistocene Pliocene Quaternary Revision Stratigraphic boundary Tertiary 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PY - 2012 SN - 0078-0421 SP - 221–244 ST - Biozonation and biochronology of Miocene through Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils from low and middle latitudes T2 - Newsletters on Stratigraphy TI - Biozonation and biochronology of Miocene through Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils from low and middle latitudes UR - https://doi.org/10.1127/0078-0421/2012/0022 VL - 45 ID - 6067 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has facilitated the detection of unculturable microorganisms in virtually any environmental source and has thus been used extensively in the assessment of environmental microbial diversity. This technique relies on the assumption that the gene sequences present in the environment are complementary to the “universal” primers used in their amplification. The recent discovery of new taxa with 16S rDNA sequences not complementary to standard universal primers suggests that current 16S rDNA libraries are not representative of true prokaryotic biodiversity. Here we re-assess the specificity of commonly used 16S rRNA gene primers and present these data in tabular form designed as a tool to aid simple analysis, selection and implementation. In addition, we present two new primer pairs specifically designed for effective ‘universal’ Archaeal 16S rDNA sequence amplification. These primers are found to amplify sequences from Crenarchaeote and Euryarchaeote type strains and environmental DNA. AU - Baker, G. C. AU - Smith, J. J. AU - Cowan, D. A. DA - 2003/12/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.08.009 IS - 3 KW - Bacteria Archaea Korarchaeota Nanoarchaeota 16S rRNA Primer N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167701203002276 PY - 2003 SN - 0167-7012 SP - 541–555 ST - Review and re-analysis of domain-specific 16S primers T2 - Journal of Microbiological Methods TI - Review and re-analysis of domain-specific 16S primers UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.08.009 VL - 55 ID - 6675 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Paull, C.K., Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J., Dillon, W.P. AB - Diffuse reflectance spectra measured during shipboard core description with a hand-held Minolta spectrophotometer are reliable data for interpreting sediment composition. Factor analysis of these spectra indicates that only Glad Cling WrapTM, a polyethylene food wrap, should be used to cover wet cores during measurement because it introduces substantially less noise into the spectra than other brands of plastic food wrap. This validates our previous recommendation that only Glad Cling WrapTM should be used to cover wet core surfaces before spectral analysis on board ship. Factor analysis also indicates that the red end of the spectrum was a little noisy; however, it is unclear if this noise was produced by the Glad Cling WrapTM, by the Minolta instrument, or by the sediment being analyzed when wet (water tends to affect the red end of the spectrum more than the violet). Comparison of spectra taken directly from wet cores on board ship with the Minolta CM-2002 to those taken from dried, prepared samples with our shore-based Perkin-Elmer Lambda 6 spectrophotometer indicates that water mutes the spectral signal. Although factor analysis of the Perkin-Elmer data produced five factors, four of those factors are the same as the factors extracted from the wet core data with the Minolta. This suggests that the water content in the wet cores was not high enough to seriously hinder interpretation of sediment composition. These four common factors are interpreted as carbonate, chlorite or glauconite, organic matter, and iron oxides (probably a mixture of hematite and goethite). The presence of hematite can be attributed to hematite-rich sediment derived from the Canadian Maritime provinces, which has been transported southward by the Western Boundary Undercurrent (WBUC) along North American continental margin. Based on the distribution of hematite down the Leg 164 holes, the WBUC apparently has washed over the Leg 164 sites on the crest of the Blake Ridge only during the Holocene and very latest Pleistocene. AU - Balsam, William L. AU - Damuth, John E. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Geology, Arlington, TX Affiliation (monographic): University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Geology, Arlington, TX, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 164, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX Coordinates: N280000 N340000 W0740000 W0820000 illus., incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map Contains 30 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; volume 164; scientific results; gas hydrate sampling on the Blake Ridge and Carolina Rise; covering Leg 164 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Miami, Florida, sites 991-997, 31 October-19 December 1995, Charles K. Paull, Ryo Matsumoto, Paul J. Wallace, Nancy R. Black, Walter S. Borowski, Timothy S. Collett, John E. Damuth, Gerald R. Dickens, Per Kristian Egeberg, Kim Goodman, Reinhard F. Hesse, Yoshihisa Hiroki, W. Steven Holbrook, Hartley Hoskins, John Ladd, Emanuele Lodolo, Thomas D. Lorenson, Robert J. Musgrave, Thomas H. Naehr, Hisatake Okada, Catherine Pierre, Carolyn D. Ruppel, Mikio Satoh, Régis Thiéry, Yoshio Watanabe, Hermann Wehner, William J. Winters, Warren T. Wood, Christine M. Miller and Ruth Reigel; Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 164, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol.164, p.313-324. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5891 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2001025826 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.sr.164.222.2000 KW - Accuracy Atlantic Ocean Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge Carbonates Cenozoic Clay mineralogy Cores Diffuse reflectance spectra Factor analysis Hematite Holocene Instruments Leg 164 Marine sediments Measurement Methods Mineral composition North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Oxides Pleistocene Quaternary Sample preparation Sediments Statistical analysis Upper Pleistocene Water content 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2000 SN - 0884-5891 SP - 314–324 ST - Further investigations of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data: implications for interpreting Leg 164 sediment composition T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Further investigations of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data: implications for interpreting Leg 164 sediment composition UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.164.222.2000 VL - 164 ID - 6580 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Flood, R.D., Piper, D.J.W., Klaus, A., and Peterson, L.C. AU - Balsam, William L. AU - Damuth, John E. AU - Schneider, Ralph R. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Geology, Arlington, TX Affiliation (monographic): University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Geology, Arlington, TX, United States Coordinates: N043544 N065701 W0463759 W0490528 illus., incl. 1 table Contains 25 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; scientific results, Amazon Fan; covering Leg 155 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Bridgetown, Barbados, to Bridgetown, Barbados, sites 930-946, 25 March-24 May 1994, Roger D. Flood, David J. W. Piper, Adam Klaus, Stephen J. Burns, William H. Busch, Stanley M. Cisowski, Adrian Cramp, John E. Damuth, Miguel A. Goñi, Simon G. Haberle, Frank R. Hall, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Richard N. Hiscott, Renato O. Kowsmann, John D. Kronen, Jr., David Long, Michel Lopez, Diane K. McDaniel, Patricia L. Manley, Mark A. Maslin, Naja Mikkelsen, Futoshi Nanayama, William R. Normark, Carlos Pirmez, José Ricardo dos Santos, Ralph R. Schneider, William J. Showers, Wonn Soh, Jérôme Thibal and Georgia L. Fox. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol.155, p.193-215. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5891 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2000004940 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.sr.155.210.1997 KW - Amazon Fan Amazon River Atlantic Ocean Cores Equatorial Atlantic Instruments Leg 155 Marine sediments North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Sediments South America Spectra 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1997 SN - 0884-5891 SP - 193–215 ST - Comparison of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data from Amazon Fan cores: implications for interpreting sediment composition T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Comparison of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data from Amazon Fan cores: implications for interpreting sediment composition UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.155.210.1997 VL - 155 ID - 6069 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sediment cores recovered during ODP drilling operations are commonly scanned using a Minolta CM-2002 spectrophotometer to obtain spectral data. Core processing procedures aboard the JOIDES Resolution require that these spectral data be measured on wet cores. However, the effects of changing water content on the spectra of marine sediments is unknown. We examined the effects of changing water content on visible light (VIS) diffuse reflectance spectra for core samples composed of clay to foraminiferal ooze. The spectra of dry powdered samples were measured, then the samples were completely saturated (∼35% water content) and spectra were measured at set time intervals as the samples progressively dried. The fully saturated samples were appreciably darker than the initial dry samples. The samples continued to darken during the initial phases of drying until the water content had decreased from 35% to ∼20%. As the water content continued to decrease below 20%, the samples became progressively lighter and attained spectral values similar to the fully saturated samples at water contents of ∼17%. Samples continued to lighten until they were totally dry; however, values never became as light as those of the dry samples prior to initial wetting. Changes in reflectance with decreasing water content are not uniform across the VIS. If the water content is greater than 5%, the reflectance decrease relative to a dry sample is greater at the red end of the spectrum. However, at water contents of less than 5%, the spectral curves of the wet and dry sediments are similar in shape, but the wet sediments are still darker. Comparison of these data with data obtained from similar saturation experiments using a coarse-grained beach sand suggest that the initial darkening of the saturated carbonate sediments apparently results from changing of the physical properties of the sediment; decreasing the water content apparently rearranges the grains. These studies suggest that maximum information will be obtained when spectral measurements are taken on samples that are allowed to dry as much as possible. AU - Balsam, William L. AU - Deaton, Bobby C. AU - Damuth, John E. DA - 1998/08/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00033-4 IS - 1 KW - spectroscopy Ocean Drilling Program sediment pore water marine sediment N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322798000334 PY - 1998 SN - 0025-3227 SP - 177–189 ST - The effects of water content on diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry studies of deep-sea sediment cores T2 - Marine Geology TI - The effects of water content on diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry studies of deep-sea sediment cores UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00033-4 VL - 149 ID - 6676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sediments deposited on the southeastern continental shelf of the Gulf of California, near the Fuerte River mouth, have been investigated using sediment XRF elemental composition, magnetic parameter and radiogenic element activities, and imply lithogenic elements as a promising proxy for terrigenous input and river discharge. Clastic mud beds are observed in the sediment core DIPALV-C33. These layers are massively bedded and characterized by coarser terrigenous sediment than typically observed in the Gulf of California. Based on this distinct lithology observed recurrently in the Fuerte River mouth region, we suggest these beds form during flooding events of the river. Comparing our results with instrumental data, we associate these unusual beds with Hurricane Lidia in October 1981 and a strong winter storm in January 1944. Elemental ratios Zr/Rb and K/Ti in the sediment core are strongly correlated with the lithologic changes, supporting their use as flood event proxies. Finally, we show that the three events observed account for 15% of the cumulative sediment deposited in DIPALV-C33 locations during the last two centuries, suggesting that in addition of seasonal eolian supply, floods events may contribute significantly to terrigenous delivery to the Gulf of California. AU - Barbara, Loïc AU - Schmidt, Sabine AU - Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime AU - Pérez-Cruz, Ligia DA - 2016/10/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.09.006 KW - Gulf of California Fuerte River Flood events Flood deposit Laminated sediment N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434316304927 PY - 2016 SN - 0278-4343 SP - 1–9 ST - Fuerte River floods, an overlooked source of terrigenous sediment to the Gulf of California T2 - Continental Shelf Research TI - Fuerte River floods, an overlooked source of terrigenous sediment to the Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.09.006 VL - 128 ID - 6708 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Rosendahl, B.R., Hekinian, R., et al. AU - Barron, John A. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA Affiliation (monographic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA, United States Coordinates: N000000 N091500 W0860000 W1070000 illus. Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Leg 54 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger; Cristobal, Panama Canal Zone to Long Beach, California; May-June 1977, Robert Powell, Bruce R. Rosendahl, Roger Hekinian, Louis Briqueu, Yuri Dmitriev, Ronald V. Fodor, Robert M. Goll, Michel Hoffert, Susan E. Humphris, David P. Mattey, James H. Natland, Nikolai Petersen, William Roggenthen, Edward L. Schrader, Ramesh K. Srivastava, Nick Warren, John A. Barron, David Bukry and George W. Lynts. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol.54, p.455-486. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1981038730 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.54.117.1980 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Deep Sea Drilling Project Diatoms East Pacific East Pacific Rise Galapagos Rift IPOD Leg 54 Microfossils Neogene Pacific Ocean Plantae Pliocene Quaternary Stratigraphy Tertiary Thallophytes Upper Pliocene Zoning 24 Surficial Geology, Quaternary Geology LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1980 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 455–485 ST - Upper Pliocene and Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54, tropical eastern Pacific T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Upper Pliocene and Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 54, tropical eastern Pacific UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.54.117.1980 VL - 54 ID - 6135 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mayer, L., Theyer, E., et al. AU - Barron, John A. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA Affiliation (monographic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA, United States Coordinates: N012606 N012606 W1135030 W1135030; N002954 N002955 W1331834 W1331835; N041231 N041232 W1331948 W1331949; N055100 N055100 W1350209 W1350210 illus. incl. 10 tables, charts, sketch map Contains 55 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 85, covering cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger, Los Angeles, California, to Honolulu, Hawaii, March-April 1982, Larry A. Mayer, Fritz Theyer, John A. Barron, Dean A. Dunn, Tim Handyside, Scott Hills, Ian Jarvis, Catherine A. Nigrini, Nicklas G. Pisias, Annick Pujos, Tsunemasa Saito, Paul Michael Stout, Ellen Thomas, Norbert Weinreich, Roy H. Wilkens and Marian G. Bailey. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol.85, p.413-456. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1986014831 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.108.1985 KW - Actinocyclus ellipticus Algae Biostratigraphy Biozones Cenozoic Coscinodiscus lewisianus Coscinodiscus loeblichii Coscinodiscus yabei DSDP Site 572 DSDP Site 573 DSDP Site 574 DSDP Site 575 Deep Sea Drilling Project Denticulopsis nicobarica Diatoms Eocene Equatorial Pacific Faunal studies Holocene IPOD Leg 85 Microfossils New taxa Pacific Ocean Paleogene Paleomagnetism Plantae Quaternary Range Stratigraphy Taxonomy Tertiary Thalassiosira tappanae 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1985 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 413–456 ST - Late Eocene to Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 85 T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Late Eocene to Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 85 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.85.108.1985 VL - 85 ID - 6098 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barron, John A. DA - 2003/11/01 DO - 10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705588 IS - 2 PY - 2003 SN - 0269-249X SP - 203–224 ST - Planktonic marine diatom record of the past 18 m.y.: appearances and extinctions in the Pacific and Southern Oceans T2 - Diatom Research TI - Planktonic marine diatom record of the past 18 m.y.: appearances and extinctions in the Pacific and Southern Oceans UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2003.9705588 VL - 18 ID - 6725 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-resolution records of calcium carbonate, biogenic opal, diatoms, and silicoflagellates from western Guaymas Basin gravity core GGC55 and piston core JPC56 and eastern Guaymas Basin DSDP Site 480 reveal a complex paleoceanographic history of the central Gulf of California during the past 15,000 years. Prior to ∼6.2 ka, the eastern and western Guaymas Basin proxy records were remarkably similar. After conditions similar to those of today during the Bolling-Allerod, the Younger Dryas (YD) saw a major drop in diatom production, coincident with increased calcium carbonate and tropical microfossils suggestive of El Nino-like conditions. Biosiliceous productivity began increasing during the latter part of the YD, but it was only during the earliest Holocene (11.6 to 11.0 ka) that conditions similar to those of the Bolling-Allerod returned to the central Gulf. Between around 11.0 and 6.2 ka, tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates were virtually absent from the central Gulf, as relatively cooler and fresher surface waters resembling those of the modern northern Gulf were present in the central Gulf. Beginning at about 6.2 ka, tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates began increasing in the central Gulf, and coccoliths returned to western Gulf sediments. The onset of modern-day monsoon conditions in the American Southwest required the presence of warm SSTs in the northern Gulf, which probably did not occur until after about 5.4 ka, when tropical diatoms and silicoflagellates became relatively common in the central Gulf. Modern east-west contrasts, which arise from late winter-early spring coastal upwelling on the mainland side and lower diatom productivity on the western side of the Gulf, commenced between 6.2 and 5.4 ka, possibly due to a shift in the direction of late winter-early spring winds more towards the southeast, or down the axis of the Gulf. This proposed wind shift might have ultimately been due to a late Holocene strengthening of ENSO-like conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Abstract Copyright (2005) Elsevier, B.V. AU - Barron, John A. AU - Bukry, David AU - Dean, Walter E. IS - 3–4 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA Affiliation (monographic): U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, United States Coordinates: N275406 N275406 W1103921 W1103921 illus., incl. 2 plates, 1 table, sketch map Contains 43 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Marine Micropaleontology, 56(3-4), p.81-102. Publisher: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISSN: 0377-8398 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands GeoRef ID: 2006020417 DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.04.001 KW - Algae Bioclastic sedimentation Biostratigraphy Calcium carbonate Cenozoic Cores DSDP Site 480 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diatoms East Pacific El Nino Framework silicates Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Holocene IPOD Invertebrata Isotope ratios Isotopes Leg 64 Marine sediments Microfossils North Pacific Northeast Pacific O-18/O-16 Opal Oxygen Pacific Ocean Paleo-oceanography Paleoclimatology Plantae Protista Quaternary Sedimentation Sediments Silica minerals Silicates Silicoflagellata Species diversity Stable isotopes Upwelling 24 Surficial Geology, Quaternary Geology LA - English PY - 2005 SN - 0377-8398 SP - 81–102 ST - Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments T2 - Marine Micropaleontology TI - Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.04.001 VL - 56 ID - 6585 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Rea, D.K., Basov, I.A., Scholl, D.W., and Allan, J.F. AU - Barron, John A. AU - Gladenkov, Andrey Y. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA Affiliation (monographic): U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, United States illus., incl. geol. sketch map, 7 tables, strat. cols. Contains 46 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; scientific results, North Pacific Transect; covering Leg 145 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Yokohama, Japan, to Victoria, Canada, sites 881-887, 20 July-20 September 1992, David K. Rea, Ivan A. Basov, Thomas R. Janecek, Eve Arnold, John A. Barron, Luc Beaufort, James F. Bristow, Peter deMenocal, Gilles J. Dubuisson, Andrey Y. Gladenkov, Tark Hamilton, B. Lynn Ingram, Lloyd D. Keigwin, Jr., Randall A. Keller, Aarno T. Kotilainen, Lawrence A. Krissek, Barrie C. McKelvey, Joseph J. Morley, Makoto Okada, Gunnar Olafsson, Robert M. Owen, Dorothy Pak, Thomas F. Pedersen, John A. Roberts, Anne K. Rutledge, Valery V. Shilov, Hilde Snoeckx, Rainer Stax, Ralf Tiedemann, Robin Weeks and Amanda Palmer-Julson. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol.145, p.3-19. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5891 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2002056360 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.sr.145.101.1995 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Diatoms Leg 145 Microfossils Neogene North Pacific North Pacific Transect Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Plantae Pleistocene Quaternary Tertiary Thallophytes 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1995 SN - 0884-5891 SP - 3–19 ST - Early Miocene to Pleistocene diatom stratigraphy of Leg 145 T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Early Miocene to Pleistocene diatom stratigraphy of Leg 145 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.145.101.1995 VL - 145 ID - 6081 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bartington Instruments,  Ltd. CY - Oxford, UK PB - Bartington Instruments, Ltd. PY - 2011 ST - Operation Manual for MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System TI - Operation Manual for MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System UR - https://gmw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MS2-OM0408.pdf ID - 6765 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Dauphin, J.P., and Simoneit, B.R.T. (Eds.) AU - Baumgartner, Tim R. AU - Ferreira-Bartrina, Vicente AU - Moreno-Hentz, Pedro J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada Affiliation (monographic): Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico illus., incl. 4 tables, sketch maps Contains 35 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: The Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias, edited by J. Paul Dauphin and Bernd R. T. Simoneit. AAPG Memoir, Vol.47, p.617-635. Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States. ISSN: 0271-8529. ISBN: 0-89181-325-X Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1995057427 KW - Anaerobic environment Bathymetry Cenozoic Discharge East Pacific Geochronology Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Holocene Laminations Mayo River Mexico North Pacific Northeast Pacific Pacific Ocean Planar bedding structures Quaternary Reconstruction Regression analysis Seasonal variations Sediment transport Sedimentary structures Sediments Sonora Mexico Sonora River Statistical analysis Time series analysis Upper Holocene Varves Yaqui River 24 Surficial Geology, Quaternary Geology LA - English PY - 1991 SN - 0271-8529 SP - 617–635 ST - Varve formation in the central Gulf of California: a reconsideration of the origin of the dark laminae from the 20th century varve record SV - AAPG Memoir T2 - Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias T3 - AAPG Memoir TI - Varve formation in the central Gulf of California: a reconsideration of the origin of the dark laminae from the 20th century varve record UR - https://doi.org/10.1306/M47542C30 VL - 47 ID - 6566 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anaerobic methanotrophs help regulate Earth’s climate and may have been an important part of the microbial ecosystem on the early Earth. The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is often thought of as a sulfate-dependent process, despite the fact that other electron acceptors are more energetically favorable. Here, we show that microorganisms from marine methane-seep sediment in the Eel River Basin in California are capable of using manganese (birnessite) and iron (ferrihydrite) to oxidize methane, revealing that marine AOM is coupled, either directly or indirectly, to a larger variety of oxidants than previously thought. Large amounts of manganese and iron are provided to oceans from rivers, indicating that manganese- and iron-dependent AOM have the potential to be globally important. AU - Beal, Emily J. AU - House, Christopher H. AU - Orphan, Victoria J. DO - 10.1126/science.1169984 IS - 5937 PY - 2009 SP - 184–187 ST - Manganese- and iron-dependent marine methane oxidation T2 - Science TI - Manganese- and iron-dependent marine methane oxidation UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169984 VL - 325 ID - 6593 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During opening of a new ocean, magma intrudes into the surrounding sedimentary basins. Heat provided by the intrusions matures the host rock, creating metamorphic aureoles potentially releasing large amounts of hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons may migrate to the seafloor in hydrothermal vent complexes in sufficient volumes to trigger global warming, e.g., during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Mound structures at the top of buried hydrothermal vent complexes observed in seismic data off Norway were previously interpreted as sediment volcanoes, and the amount of released hydrocarbon was estimated based on this interpretation. Here, we present new geophysical and geochemical data from the Gulf of California suggesting that such mound structures could in fact be edifices constructed by the growth of black smoker–type chimneys rather than sediment volcanoes. We have evidence for two buried and one active hydrothermal vent systems outside the rift axis. The active vent releases fluids of several hundred degrees Celsius containing abundant methane, mid-ocean ridge basalt–type helium, and precipitating solids up to 300 m high into the water column. Our observations challenge the idea that methane is emitted slowly from rift-related vents. The association of large amounts of methane with hydrothermal fluids that enter the water column at high pressure and temperature provides an efficient mechanism to transport hydrocarbons into the water column and atmosphere, lending support to the hypothesis that rapid climate change such as during the PETM can be triggered by magmatic intrusions into organic-rich sedimentary basins. AU - Berndt, C. AU - Hensen, C. AU - Mortera-Gutierrez, C. AU - Sarkar, S. AU - Geilert, S. AU - Schmidt, M. AU - Liebetrau, V. AU - Kipfer, R. AU - Scholz, F. AU - Doll, M. AU - Muff, S. AU - Karstens, J. AU - Planke, S. AU - Petersen, S. AU - Böttner, C. AU - Chi, W.-C. AU - Moser, M. AU - Behrendt, R. AU - Fiskal, A. AU - Lever, M.A. AU - Su, C.-C. AU - Deng, L. AU - Brennwald, M.S. AU - Lizarralde, D. DO - 10.1130/g38049.1 IS - 9 PY - 2016 SN - 0091-7613 SP - 767–770 ST - Rifting under steam—how rift magmatism triggers methane venting from sedimentary basins T2 - Geology TI - Rifting under steam—how rift magmatism triggers methane venting from sedimentary basins UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/G38049.1 VL - 44 Y2 - 1/22/2021 ID - 6863 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Because of the relative constancy of pH in most subaqueous sediments and the general lack of measurability of Eh, these parameters are not practically useful for classifying sedimentary environments. In their place a new classification is offered which, derived from studies of modern sediments, is based on the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen and dissolved sulfide in the sediments at the time of authigenic mineral formation. Sedimentary environments are first of all divided into oxic and anoxic depending upon the presence or absence of measurable dissolved oxygen. Anoxic environments, in turn, are divided into sulfidic and non-sulfidic depending upon the presence of measurable dissolved sulfide. Anoxic-nonsulfidic environments are further divided into postoxic, or resulting from oxygen removal without sulfate reduction (weakly reducing), and methanic , or resulting from complete sulfate reduction with consequent methane formation (strongly reducing). The environments are shown to succeed one another during early diagenesis in the order: oxic, post-oxic, sulfidic, methanic. Iron and manganese minerals characteristic and stable in each environment are listed and discussed so that they may be used to distinguish the environments when studying the ancient geological record. AU - Berner, Robert A. DO - 10.1306/212f7c7f-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d IS - 2 PY - 1981 SN - 1527-1404 SP - 359–365 ST - A new geochemical classification of sedimentary environments T2 - Journal of Sedimentary Research TI - A new geochemical classification of sedimentary environments UR - https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7C7F-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D VL - 51 Y2 - 1/8/2021 ID - 6595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berner, Robert A. DO - 10.2475/ajs.282.4.451 IS - 4 PY - 1982 SP - 451–473 ST - Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in the modern ocean: its geochemical and environmental significance T2 - American Journal of Science TI - Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in the modern ocean: its geochemical and environmental significance UR - https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.282.4.451 VL - 282 ID - 6514 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In present day marine sediments, almost all of which are deposited in normal oxygenated seawater, rates of burial of organic carbon (C) and pyrite sulfur (S) correlate positively and bear a constant ratio to one another (C/S ∼- 3 on a weight basis). By contrast, calculations, based on the isotopic model of Garrels and Lerman (1981), indicate that at various times during the Phanerozoic the worldwide burial ratio must have been considerably different than the present day value. This ratio change is caused by the requirement that, increases in the worldwide mass of organic carbon must be accompanied by equivalent decreases in the mass of sedimentary pyrite sulfur, in order to maintain a roughly constant level of O2 in the atmosphere. Such apparently contradictory behavior can be explained if the locus of major organic carbon burial has shifted over time from normal marine environments, as at present, to non-marine freshwater, or to euxinic environments, in the geologic past. A shift to predominantly freshwater burial can help explain predicted high C/S ratios in Permo-Carboniferous sediments, and a shift to euxinic environments can help explain predicted low C/S ratios during the early Paleozoic. It is demonstrated that the three environments today exhibit distinguishably different average C/S ratios. AU - Berner, Robert A. AU - Raiswell, Robert DA - 1983/05/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90151-5 IS - 5 PY - 1983 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 855–862 ST - Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over phanerozoic time: a new theory T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over phanerozoic time: a new theory UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90151-5 VL - 47 ID - 6596 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) was investigated in hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin based on δ13C signatures of CH4, dissolved inorganic carbon and porewater concentration profiles of CH4 and sulfate. Cool, warm and hot in-situ temperature regimes (15–20 °C, 30–35 °C and 70–95 °C) were selected from hydrothermal locations in Guaymas Basin to compare AOM geochemistry and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), mcrA and dsrAB genes of the microbial communities. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the cool and hot AOM cores yielded similar archaeal types such as Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group, Thermoproteales and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME)-1; some of the ANME-1 archaea formed a separate 16S rRNA lineage that at present seems to be limited to Guaymas Basin. Congruent results were obtained by mcrA gene analysis. The warm AOM core, chemically distinct by lower porewater sulfide concentrations, hosted a different archaeal community dominated by the two deep subsurface archaeal lineages Marine Benthic Group D and Marine Benthic Group B, and by members of the Methanosarcinales including ANME-2 archaea. This distinct composition of the methane-cycling archaeal community in the warm AOM core was confirmed by mcrA gene analysis. Functional genes of sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea, dsrAB, showed more overlap between all cores, regardless of the core temperature. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries with Euryarchaeota-specific primers detected members of the Archaeoglobus clade in the cool and hot cores. A V6-tag high-throughput sequencing survey generally supported the clone library results while providing high-resolution detail on archaeal and bacterial community structure. These results indicate that AOM and the responsible archaeal communities persist over a wide temperature range. AU - Biddle, Jennifer F. AU - Cardman, Zena AU - Mendlovitz, Howard AU - Albert, Daniel B. AU - Lloyd, Karen G. AU - Boetius, Antje AU - Teske, Andreas DA - 2012/05/01 DO - 10.1038/ismej.2011.164 IS - 5 PY - 2012 SN - 1751-7370 SP - 1018–1031 ST - Anaerobic oxidation of methane at different temperature regimes in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments T2 - The ISME Journal TI - Anaerobic oxidation of methane at different temperature regimes in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.164 VL - 6 ID - 6864 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The subseafloor marine biosphere may be one of the largest reservoirs of microbial biomass on Earth and has recently been the subject of debate in terms of the composition of its microbial inhabitants, particularly on sediments from the Peru Margin. A metagenomic analysis was made by using whole-genome amplification and pyrosequencing of sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1229 on the Peru Margin to further explore the microbial diversity and overall community composition within this environment. A total of 61.9 Mb of genetic material was sequenced from sediments at horizons 1, 16, 32, and 50 m below the seafloor. These depths include sediments from both primarily sulfate-reducing methane-generating regions of the sediment column. Many genes of the annotated genes, including those encoding ribosomal proteins, corresponded to those from the Chloroflexi and Euryarchaeota. However, analysis of the 16S small-subunit ribosomal genes suggests that Crenarchaeota are the abundant microbial member. Quantitative PCR confirms that uncultivated Crenarchaeota are indeed a major microbial group in these subsurface samples. These findings show that the marine subsurface is a distinct microbial habitat and is different from environments studied by metagenomics, especially because of the predominance of uncultivated archaeal groups. AU - Biddle, Jennifer F. AU - Fitz-Gibbon, Sorel AU - Schuster, Stephan C. AU - Brenchley, Jean E. AU - House, Christopher H. IS - 30 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Pennsylvania State University, Astrobiology Research Center, University Park, PA Affiliation (monographic): Pennsylvania State University, Astrobiology Research Center, University Park, PA, United States Coordinates: S105900 S105900 W0775800 W0775800 illus., incl. 2 tables Contains 39 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(30), p.10583-10588. Publisher: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 0027-8424 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2010092391 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709942105 KW - Chloroflexi Continental margin Crenarchaeota DNA East Pacific Equatorial Pacific Euryarchaeota Genes Genome Habitat Leg 201 Marine environment Marine sediments Microorganisms ODP Site 1229 Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Peru Phylogeny Sediments South America South Pacific Southeast Pacific 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 10583–10588 ST - Metagenomic signatures of the Peru margin subseafloor biosphere show a genetically distinct environment T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Metagenomic signatures of the Peru margin subseafloor biosphere show a genetically distinct environment UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709942105 VL - 105 ID - 6105 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blum, P. PY - 1997 ST - Physical properties handbook: a guide to the shipboard measurement of physical properties of deep-sea cores T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Physical properties handbook: a guide to the shipboard measurement of physical properties of deep-sea cores UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.26.1997 VL - 26 ID - 6768 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Morphological analysis of 70 globally distributed Holocene sediment assemblages of the calcareous marine phytoplankton genus Gephyrocapsa (Prymnesiophyta) displays significant correlations between the measured morphological parameters and environmental gradients. By extrapolating these essential findings, paleoecological and evolutionary interpretations can be obtained for the Pleistocene period. Measurements of various morphometric parameters of 3600 coccoliths showed that the morphologically most distinct features arc bridge angle and placolith length. Bridge angle ranged from 120 ° to 3 ° and placolith length from 6.2 μm to 0.9 μm. The combination of the mean bridge angle and the mean length of each sediment assemblage (Holocene) leads to six morphological groups which characterise different environments and geographic areas: Equatorial associations have a mean bridge angle larger than 56 ° and a mean size between 3.1 μm and 3.9 μm. The temperature range of these associations is 25 °C to 29.5 °C mean sea surface temperature (MSST). Abbreviation GE: Gephyrocapsa Equatorial. Subtropical central water-mass associations have a mean bridge angle between 27 ° and 56 ° and a mean length larger than 3.1 μm. These associations are only found in oligotrophic central gyre regions with a MSST between 22 °C and 25 °C. Abbreviation GO: Gephyrocapsa Oligotrophic. Transitional associations have a mean bridge angle between 27 ° and 56 ° and a mean length between 2.4 μm and 3.1 μm. These associations are only found in areas with a mean SST between 19 °C and 20 °C. Abbreviation GT: Gephyrocapsa Transitional. Transitional to subarctic cold associations have a mean bridge angle less than 27 ° and a mean length larger than 2.4 μm. These associations are found in moderately productive regions with a mean SST lower than 21 °C. Abbreviation GC: Gephyrocapsa Cold. Moderately productive temperate associations have a mean bridge angle larger than 56 ° and a mean length larger than 3.9 μm. These associations are dominant in upwelling regions, but also occur in non-upwelling areas. Their temperature range is 18 °C to 23 °C. The relative abundance of these associations within the Gephyrocapsa complex in individual samples decreases with increasing distance from the coast. Abbreviation: GL Gephyrocapsa Larger. Associations consisting of small placoliths with a mean bridge angle between 20 ° and 50 ° and a mean length less than 2.4 μm show no well defined environmental or geographic preference. Such forms seem to be frequent near islands and coasts (neritic) in tropical to subtropical regions. Abbreviation: GM: Gephyrocapsa Minute. The observed morphological discontinuities along the environmental gradients are suggestive of distinct and possibly genetically isolated species populations. In individual assemblages, however, considerable morphological variability is observed and characteristic morphological traits show gradual change along environmental gradients. These features could be expected, if a single, globally homogeneous genotypic species Gephyrocapsa oceanica should show high phenotypic plasticity. Future morphological analysis of plankton samples from various areas and taken at various seasons are expected to confirm the conclusion of environmental dependence of Gephyrocapsa morphology drawn from this analysis. AU - Bollmann, Jörg DA - 1997/02/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(96)00028-X IS - 3 KW - calcareous phytoplankton global biogeography morphometry numerical taxonomy Quaternary PY - 1997 SN - 0377-8398 SP - 319–350 ST - Morphology and biogeography of Gephyrocapsa coccoliths in Holocene sediments T2 - Marine Micropaleontology TI - Morphology and biogeography of Gephyrocapsa coccoliths in Holocene sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(96)00028-X VL - 29 ID - 6766 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Data from piston cores collected from Carolina Rise and Blake Ridge, and from many DSDP/ODP sites indicate that extreme 13C-depletion of methane and ΣCO2 occurs within the uppermost methanogenic zone of continental rise sediments. We infer that 13C-depleted methane is generated near the top of the methanogenic zone when carbon of 13C-depleted ΣCO2, produced by microbially-mediated anaerobic methane oxidation, is recycled back to methane through CO2 reduction. Interstitial water and gas samples were collected in 27 piston cores, 16 of which penetrated through the sulfate reduction zone into methane-bearing sediments of the Carolina Rise and Blake Ridge. Isotopic measurements (δ13CCH4, δ13CCO2, δDCH4, and δDH2O) indicate that this methane is microbial in origin, produced by microbially-mediated CO2 reduction. Methane samples form two distinct isotopic pools. (1) Methane from a seafloor seep site shows a mean δ13CCH4 value of -69±2 per mil, mirroring values found at ≥160 mbsf from a nearby DSDP site. (2) Twenty, areally-separated sites (sample depth, 10 to 25 mbsf) have δ13CCH4 values ranging from -85 to -103 per mil, and δ13CCO2 as negative as -48 per mil. The very low δ13C values from the methane and CO2 pools highlight the importance of carbon cycling within continental rise sediments at and near the sulfate-methane boundary. Abstract Copyright (1997) Elsevier, B.V. AU - Borowski, Walter S. AU - Paull, Charles K. AU - Ussler, William, III IS - 3 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Geology, Chapel Hill, NC Affiliation (monographic): University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Geology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Coordinates: N300000 N330000 W0730000 W0770000 illus., incl. 1 table, sketch map Contains 71 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Marine Chemistry, 57(3-4), p.299-311. Publisher: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISSN: 0304-4203 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands GeoRef ID: 1997065176 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Anaerobic environment Atlantic Ocean Biodegradation Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge C-13 C-13/C-12 Carbon Carbon dioxide Carolina Rise Concentration Cycles D/H DSDP Site 533 Deep Sea Drilling Project Depletion Enrichment Gas hydrates Hydrocarbons Hydrogen IPOD Isotope ratios Isotopes Leg 76 Marine sediments Methane North Atlantic Organic compounds Oxidation Reduction Sediments Stable isotopes 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 1997 SN - 0304-4203 SP - 299–311 ST - Carbon cycling within the upper methanogenic zone of continental rise sediments: an example from the methane-rich sediments overlying the Blake Ridge gas hydrate deposits T2 - Marine Chemistry TI - Carbon cycling within the upper methanogenic zone of continental rise sediments: an example from the methane-rich sediments overlying the Blake Ridge gas hydrate deposits UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00019-4 VL - 57 ID - 6558 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bown,  P.R. CY - Dordrect, Netherlands PB - Kluwer Academic Publishing PY - 1998 ST - Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy TI - Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy ID - 6767 ER - TY - JOUR AB - From the timing, it looks as if an episode of marked oceanic oxygen deficiency during the Cretaceous was the result of undersea volcanism. Studies of such events are relevant to the warming world of today. AU - Bralower, Timothy J. DA - 2008/07/01 DO - 10.1038/454285a IS - 7202 PY - 2008 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 285–287 ST - Volcanic cause of catastrophe T2 - Nature TI - Volcanic cause of catastrophe UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/454285a VL - 454 ID - 6865 ER - TY - JOUR AB - It has been known for many years that the increase of temperature with depth on the Witwatersrand is exceptionally slow. The normal gradient in Europe and America is about 33° C/km., whilst that in the gold mines near Johannesburg is only about 10° C/km. It has been generally supposed that the conductivities did not differ by any large factor,* and that the low-temperature gradient indicated a heat flow much less than that in other parts of the world. As there is reason to suppose (Jeffreys 1929) that most of the heat is generated by the radioactivity of a layer of granite underlying the continents, and since the principle of isostasy requires this layer to be thicker under the African plateau than elsewhere, a greater heat flow would be expected in Africa than in Europe. The conductivity data are meagre and of doubtful reliability, and it seemed desirable to make a systematic study of the question. The temperatures and conductivities in a number of English bores have been studied by Benfield in this laboratory, and detailed and accurate temperature measurements have been made by Dr Krige (1939) and Mr Weiss (1938) in deep boreholes in South Africa. When the author was invited to visit Johannesburg as a guest of the Bernard Price Institute of Geophysical Research he took the opportunity to measure the conductivities of specimens of rock from some of the boreholes in which temperature measurements had been made. It is the purpose of this paper to describe these measurements and to discuss the results. As the conditions were exceptionally favourable, both for the temperature and for the conductivity measurements, the problem has been investigated in considerable detail. It was thought that, in addition to the direct interest of the results, they may be useful in indicating the disturbances to be feared in cases where no such detailed study is possible. AU - Bullard, E. C. DO - doi:10.1098/rspa.1939.0159 IS - 955 N1 - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspa.1939.0159 PY - 1939 SP - 474–502 ST - Heat flow in South Africa T2 - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences TI - Heat flow in South Africa UR - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1939.0159 VL - 173 ID - 6769 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Burdige, D.J. CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Princeton University Press PY - 2006 ST - Geochemistry of Marine Sediments TI - Geochemistry of Marine Sediments UR - https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_books/1 ID - 6597 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Callaghan, Amy V. AU - Davidova, Irene A. AU - Savage-Ashlock, Kristen AU - Parisi, Victoria A. AU - Gieg, Lisa M. AU - Suflita, Joseph M. AU - Kukor, Jerome J. AU - Wawrik, Boris DA - 2010/10/01 DO - 10.1021/es1002023 IS - 19 PY - 2010 SN - 0013-936X SP - 7287–7294 ST - Diversity of benzyl- and alkylsuccinate synthase genes in hydrocarbon-impacted environments and enrichment cultures T2 - Environmental Science & Technology TI - Diversity of benzyl- and alkylsuccinate synthase genes in hydrocarbon-impacted environments and enrichment cultures UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/es1002023 VL - 44 ID - 6866 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Laminated, diatomaceous sediments of the Gulf of California consist of regularly alternating light-colored (diatom-rich) and dark-colored (clay-rich) laminae, approximately 2 mm. thick. The mean contents of opal (as diatom frustules) and quartz in the laminae, determined by X-ray diffraction methods, are: light-colored laminae, 52.4 per cent opal and 7.0 per cent quartz; dark-colored laminae, 26.5 per cent opal and 10.0 per cent quartz. The laminae cannot be distinguished on the basis of the contained diatom assemblages, only on the total contents of biogenous and terrigenous materials. Rates of deposition, determined by radiocarbon dating of organic and carbonate carbon in selected core sections, demonstrate that one light-colored lamina and one dark-colored lamina are deposited in a year, and a couplet of laminae constitute a varve. Phytoplankton production in the central Gulf of California is reasonably constant throughout the year, but river discharge fluctuates greatly during a year as a result of torrential summer rains in coastal Sonora and Sinaloa. Terrigenous sediment supply to the central Gulf is therefore highly variable. Calculations of rates of accumulation of opal and quartz in the laminae using the data on lamina compositions and thicknesses demonstrate that the varves originate by a more or less constant rate of accumulation of biogenous material and an annually increased rate of accumulation of terrigenous material as a result of the summer floods. AU - Calvert, S. E. C1 - Full publication date: Sep., 1966 DB - JSTOR IS - 5 PY - 1966 SN - 00221376, 15375269 SP - 546–565 ST - Origin of diatom-rich, varved sediments from the Gulf of California T2 - The Journal of Geology TI - Origin of diatom-rich, varved sediments from the Gulf of California UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30059298 VL - 74 ID - 6867 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sea floor hydrothermal activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, is quite different from that associated with ridge crest spreading centers. Injection of hydrothermal fluids occurs in the bottom of a semi-enclosed basin and water column anomalies produced by this activity increase to much higher values than in the open ocean. In the Guaymas Basin the hydrothermal venting generates large clouds of fine suspended particulate matter (SPM) 100–300 m above active mounds and chimneys. These hydrothermal clouds have potential temperature anomalies of about 0.010–0.020°C, are enriched in dissolved silica, particulate manganese, and depleted in dissolved oxygen relative to areas away from the vents. The particulate manganese values increase from about 3 nmol/kg at ∼ 1000 m, well above the enclosing topography of the subsill basin, to 100–150 nmol/kg in the clouds of SPM and in the bottom nepheloid layer. The particulate Mn in the hydrothermal clouds appears to originate from both direct precipitation of dissolved Mn2+ injected by the vents and entrainment of Mn-rich SPM in the rising hydrothermal plumes. Injection of silica-rich vent fluids into the basin bottom waters produces a silica anomaly of 10–15 μmol relative to the other deep basins of the Gulf of California. Spillover of Guaymas Basin deep water produces a silica plume just above the basin sill depth which is detectable to the mouth of the Gulf. A simple two-endmember mixing model indicates that the deep waters of the Guaymas Basin contain approximately 0.1% hydrothermal fluid. Oxygen anomalies associated with the hydrothermal clouds are on the order of 5 μmol relative to regions away from active vents. The basin as a whole shows a depletion in oxygen of about 13 μmol relative to the other deep basins of the Gulf. The mixing model shows that this oxygen consumption can be explained by the oxidation of dissolved sulfide and methane injected by the hydrothermal vents. Box models of the deep basins of the southern Gulf of California indicate that the Guaymas Basin has a significantly higher source term for dissolved silica and sink term for dissolved oxygen than the other basins. The calculated flux of hydrothermal fluids into the Guaymas Basin is 10–12 m3/s. AU - Campbell, Andrew C. AU - Gieskes, Joris M. DA - 1984/04/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90140-7 IS - 1 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X84901407 PY - 1984 SN - 0012-821X SP - 57–72 ST - Water column anomalies associated with hydrothermal activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Water column anomalies associated with hydrothermal activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90140-7 VL - 68 ID - 6700 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ongoing revolution in high-throughput sequencing continues to democratize the ability of small groups of investigators to map the microbial component of the biosphere. In particular, the coevolution of new sequencing platforms and new software tools allows data acquisition and analysis on an unprecedented scale. Here we report the next stage in this coevolutionary arms race, using the Illumina GAIIx platform to sequence a diverse array of 25 environmental samples and three known “mock communities” at a depth averaging 3.1 million reads per sample. We demonstrate excellent consistency in taxonomic recovery and recapture diversity patterns that were previously reported on the basis of metaanalysis of many studies from the literature (notably, the saline/nonsaline split in environmental samples and the split between host-associated and free-living communities). We also demonstrate that 2,000 Illumina single-end reads are sufficient to recapture the same relationships among samples that we observe with the full dataset. The results thus open up the possibility of conducting large-scale studies analyzing thousands of samples simultaneously to survey microbial communities at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. AU - Caporaso, J. Gregory AU - Lauber, Christian L. AU - Walters, William A. AU - Berg-Lyons, Donna AU - Lozupone, Catherine A. AU - Turnbaugh, Peter J. AU - Fierer, Noah AU - Knight, Rob DO - 10.1073/pnas.1000080107 IS - S1 N1 - https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/108/Supplement_1/4516.full.pdf PY - 2011 SP - 4516–4522 ST - Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000080107 VL - 108 ID - 6771 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, D. A. AU - Emerson, J. B. DA - 1991/09/01 DO - 10.1071/EG991547 IS - 3 PY - 1991 SN - 0812-3985 SP - 547–555 ST - Notes on rock magnetization characteristics in applied geophysical studies T2 - Exploration Geophysics TI - Notes on rock magnetization characteristics in applied geophysical studies UR - https://doi.org/10.1071/EG991547 VL - 22 ID - 6515 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cline, J.D. DO - https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0454 IS - 3 N1 - https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0454 PY - 1969 SN - 0024-3590 SP - 454–458 ST - Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters T2 - Limnology and Oceanography TI - Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters UR - https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0454 VL - 14 ID - 6772 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., Aguayo, J.E., Aubry, M.-P., Einsele, G., Fornari, D., Gieskes, J., Guerreo-Garcia, J., Kastner ,M., Kelts, K., Lyle, M., Matoba, Y., Molina-Cruz, A., Niemitz, J., Rueda-Gaxiola, J., Saunders, A., Schrader, H., Simoneit, B.R.T.A., Vacquier, V. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Geol. Res. Div., La Jolla, CA Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(1), 507p. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011088 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.1982 KW - Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Gulf of California IPOD Leg 64 Marine geology North Pacific Northeast Pacific Observations Oceanography Pacific Ocean Sediments 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English N1 - Covering Leg 63 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger; Mazatlán, Mexico, to Long Beach, California December, 1978–January, 1979 PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 ; ST - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6347 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Curray, Joseph R AU - Moore, DG AU - Aguayo, EJ AU - Aubry, MP AU - Einsele, G AU - Fornari, DJ AU - Gieskes, J AU - Guerrero, JC AU - Kastner, M AU - Kelts, K IS - 7 PY - 1979 SP - 18–20 ST - Leg 64 seeks evidence on development of basins T2 - Geotimes TI - Leg 64 seeks evidence on development of basins VL - 24 ID - 6868 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Angenheister, G. AU - Čzermák, V., and Rybach, L. CY - Berlin PB - Springer PY - 1982 SP - 305–343 ST - Thermal properties—thermal conductivity and specific heat of minerals and rocks SV - Landolt-Börnstein - Group V Geophysics T2 - Physical Properties of Rocks - Subvolume A TI - Thermal properties—thermal conductivity and specific heat of minerals and rocks VL - 1A ID - 6677 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seven categories of event bed (1–7) are recognised in cores from hydrocarbon fields in the outer part of the Palaeocene Forties Fan, a large mixed sand-mud, deep-water fan system in the UK and Norwegian Central North Sea. Bed Types 1, 6 and 7 resemble conventional high-density turbidite, debrite and low-density turbidite, respectively. However the cores are dominated by distinctive hybrid event beds (Types 2–5; 81% by thickness) that comprise an erosively-based graded and structureless and/or banded sandstone overlain by an argillaceous sandstone or sandy-mudstone unit containing mudstone-clasts and common carbonaceous fragments. Many of the hybrid beds are capped by a thin laminated sandstone–mudstone couplet (the deposit of a dilute wake behind the head of the turbidity current). Different types of hybrid event bed Types are defined on the basis of the ratio of sandier lower part to upper argillaceous part of the bed, and the internal structure, particularly the presence of banding. Although the argillaceous and clast-rich upper divisions could reflect post-depositional mixing, sand injection or substrate deformation, they can be shown to be dominantly primary depositional features and record both a temporal (and by implication) spatial change from turbidite to debrite deposition beneath rheologically complex hybrid flows. Where banding occurs between lower sandy and upper argillaceous divisions, the flow may have passed through a transitional flow regime. Significantly, the often soft-sediment sheared and partly sand-injected argillaceous divisions are present in cores both close to and remote from salt diapirs and hence are not a local product of remobilisation around salt-cored topography. Lateral correlations between wells establish that sandy hybrid beds (Types 2, 3S) pass down-dip and laterally into packages dominated by muddier hybrid beds (Types 3M, 4) over relatively short distances (several km). Type 5 beds have minimal or no lower sandier divisions, implying that the debritic component outran the sandier component of the flow. The Forties hybrid beds are thought to record flow transformations affecting fluidal flows following erosion and bulking with mudstone clasts and clays that suppressed near-bed turbulence and induced a change to plastic flow. Hybrid beds dominate the muddier parts of sandying-upward, muddying-upward and sandying to muddying-upward successions, interpreted to record splay growth and abandonment, overall fan progradation, and local non-uniformity effects that either delayed or promoted the onset of flow transformations. The dominance of hybrid event beds in the outer Forties Fan may reflect very rapid delivery of sand to the basin, an uneven substrate that promoted flow non-uniformity, tilting as a consequence of source area uplift and extensive inner-fan erosion to create deep fan valleys. This combination of factors could have promoted erosion and bulking, and hence transformations leading to the predominance of hybrid beds in the outer parts of the fan. AU - Davis, Christopher AU - Haughton, Peter AU - McCaffrey, William AU - Scott, Erik AU - Hogg, Nicholas AU - Kitching, David DA - 2009/12/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.015 IS - 10 KW - Forties Fan Turbidite Hybrid Flow Linked Debrite N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817209000555 PY - 2009 SN - 0264-8172 SP - 1919–1939 ST - Character and distribution of hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits from the outer Forties Fan, Palaeocene Central North Sea, UKCS T2 - Marine and Petroleum Geology TI - Character and distribution of hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits from the outer Forties Fan, Palaeocene Central North Sea, UKCS UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.015 VL - 26 ID - 6719 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - de Ronde, C.E.J., Humphris, S.E., Höfig, T.W., and the Expedition 376 Scientists AU - de Ronde, C.E.J., Humphris, S.E., Höfig, T.W., Brandl, P.A., Cai, L., Cai, Y., Caratori Tontini, F., Deans, J.R., Farough, A., Jamieson, J.W., Kolandaivelu, K.P., Kutovaya, A., Labonté, J.M., Martin, A.J., Massiot, C., McDermott, J.M., McIntosh, I.M., Nozaki, T., Pellizari, V.H., Reyes, A.G., Roberts, S., Rouxel, O., Schlicht, L.E.M., Seo, J.H., Straub, S.M., Strehlow, K., Takai, K., Tanner, D., Tepley III, F.J., and Zhang, C. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): GNS Science, Department of Marine Geoscience, @NZL Affiliation (monographic): GNS Science, Department of Marine Geoscience, New Zealand Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 376 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N345100 N345300 E1800000 E1790000 illus., incl. 26 tables Contains 121 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; Brothers Arc flux; Expedition 376 of the R/V JOIDES Resolution from and to Auckland, New Zealand; Sites U1527-U1531, 5 May-5 July 2018, Cornel E. J. De Ronde, Susan E. Humphris, Tobias W. Höfig, Philipp A. Brandl, Cai Lanlan, Cai Yuanfeng, Fabio Caratori Tontini, Jeremy R. Deans, Aida Farough, John W. Jamieson, Kannikha P. Kolandaivelu, Anna Kutovaya, Jessica M. Labonté, Andrew J. Martin, Cécile Massiot, Jill M. McDermott, Iona M. McIntosh, Tatsuo Nozaki, Vivian H. Pellizari, Agnes G. Reyes, Stephen Roberts, Olivier Rouxel, Lucy E. M. Schlicht, Jung Hun Seo, Susanne M. Straub, Karen Strehlow, Ken Takai, Dominique Tanner, Frank J. Tepley, III and Zhang Chao; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 376 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.376, 60p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2019059512 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.376.102.2019 KW - Boreholes Brothers Volcano Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Concentration Cores Crust Dacites Downhole methods Expedition 376 Fluid inclusions Fluid phase Fractures Geochemistry Geophysical methods Geophysical surveys Hydrothermal alteration IODP Site U1527 IODP Site U1528 IODP Site U1529 IODP Site U1530 IODP Site U1531 Igneous rocks Inclusions International Ocean Discovery Program Island arcs Kermadec Islands Lithostratigraphy Magmatism Major elements Metasomatism Methods Mineral assemblages Oceanic crust Paleomagnetism Physical properties Pyroclastics Structural analysis Submarine volcanoes Surveys Volcanic rocks Volcaniclastics Volcanoes Well logs West Pacific Ocean Islands 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2019 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Expedition 376 methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Brothers Arc Flux TI - Expedition 376 methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.376.102.2019 VL - 376 ID - 5489 ER - TY - BOOK AU - de Ronde, C.E.J., Humphris, S.E., Höfig, T.W., and the Expedition 376 Scientists CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): GNS Science, Department of Marine Geoscience, @NZL Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 376 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N345100 N345300 E1800000 E1790000 Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.376. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2019059510 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.376.2019 KW - Boreholes Brothers Volcano Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Cores Crust Dacites Expedition 376 Fluid phase Fractures Hydrothermal alteration IODP Site U1527 IODP Site U1528 IODP Site U1529 IODP Site U1530 IODP Site U1531 Igneous rocks International Ocean Discovery Program Island arcs Kermadec Islands Lithostratigraphy Magmatism Major elements Metasomatism Mineral assemblages Oceanic crust Pyroclastics Submarine volcanoes Volcanic rocks Volcaniclastics Volcanoes West Pacific Ocean Islands 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English M1 - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program N1 - De Ronde, Cornel E. J. Humphris, Susan E. Höfig, Tobias W. Brandl, Philipp A. Cai Lanlan Cai Yuanfeng Caratori Tontini, Fabio Deans, Jeremy R. Farough, Aida Jamieson, John W. Kolandaivelu, Kannikha P. Kutovaya, Anna Labonté, Jessica M. Martin, Andrew J. Massiot, Cécile McDermott, Jill M. McIntosh, Iona M. Nozaki, Tatsuo Pellizari, Vivian H. Reyes, Agnes G. Roberts, Stephen Rouxel, Olivier Schlicht, Lucy E. M. Seo, Jung Hun Straub, Susanne M. Strehlow, Karen Takai, Ken Tanner, Dominique Tepley, Frank J., III Zhang Chao PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2019 SN - 2377-3189 ; ST - Brothers Arc Flux. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program TI - Brothers Arc Flux. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.376.2019 VL - 376 ID - 5494 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Growing appreciation for the biogeochemical significance of uncultured microorganisms is changing the focus of environmental microbiology. Techniques designed to investigate microbial metabolism in situ are increasingly popular, from mRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to the "-omics" revolution, including metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Recently, the coupling of FISH with nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) has taken this movement in a new direction, allowing single-cell metabolic analysis of uncultured microbial phylogenic groups. The main advantage of FISH-NanoSIMS over previous noncultivation-based techniques to probe metabolism is its ability to directly link 16S rRNA phylogenetic identity to metabolic function. In the following chapter, we describe the procedures necessary to identify nitrogen-fixing microbes within marine sediment via FISH-NanoSIMS, using our work on nitrogen fixation by uncultured deep-sea methane-consuming archaea as a case study. AD - Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA. FAU - Orphan, Victoria J AU - Dekas, A. E. AU - Orphan, V. J. DP - 2011 IS - 281–305 LA - eng PY - 2011 RN - 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes) 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) OP0UW79H66 (Methane) ST - Identification of diazotrophic microorganisms in marine sediment via fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled to nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (FISH-NanoSIMS) T2 - Methods in Enzymology TA - Methods, Enzymol TI - Identification of diazotrophic microorganisms in marine sediment via fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled to nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (FISH-NanoSIMS) UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-381294-0.00012-2 VL - 486 ID - 6773 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) and 16S rRNA genes. Members of the Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales dominated the mcrA and 16S rRNA clone libraries from the upper 15 cm of the sediments. Within the H2/CO2- and formate-utilizing family Methanomicrobiales, two mcrA and 16S rRNA lineages were closely affiliated with cultured species of the genera Methanoculleus and Methanocorpusculum. The most frequently recovered mcrA PCR amplicons within the Methanomicrobiales did not branch with any cultured genera. Within the nutritionally versatile family Methanosarcinales, one 16S rRNA amplicon and most of the mcrA PCR amplicons were affiliated with the obligately acetate utilizing species Methanosaeta concilii. The mcrA clone libraries also included phylotypes related to the methyl-disproportionating genus Methanococcoides. However, two mcrA and two 16S rRNA lineages within the Methanosarcinales were unrelated to any cultured genus. Overall, the clone libraries indicate a diversified methanogen community that uses H2/CO2, formate, acetate, and methylated substrates. Phylogenetic affiliations of mcrA and 16S rRNA clones with thermophilic and nonthermophilic cultured isolates indicate a mixed mesophilic and thermophilic methanogen community in the surficial Guaymas sediments. AU - Dhillon, Ashita AU - Lever, Mark AU - Lloyd, Karen G. AU - Albert, Daniel B. AU - Sogin, Mitchell L. AU - Teske, Andreas DO - 10.1128/aem.71.8.4592-4601.2005 IS - 8 N1 - https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/71/8/4592.full.pdf PY - 2005 SP - 4592–4601 ST - Methanogen diversity evidenced by molecular characterization of methyl coenzyme M Reductase A (mcrA) genes in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas Basin T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology TI - Methanogen diversity evidenced by molecular characterization of methyl coenzyme M Reductase A (mcrA) genes in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas Basin UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.8.4592-4601.2005 VL - 71 ID - 6774 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - MacLeod, C.J., Dick, H.J.B., Blum, P., and the Expedition 360 Scientists AU - Dick, Henry J. B. AU - MacLeod, Christopher J. AU - Blum, Peter AU - Abe, Natsue AU - Blackman, Donna K. AU - Bowles, Julie A. AU - Cheadle, Michael J. AU - Cho, Kyungo AU - Ciazela, Jakub AU - Deans, Jeremy R. AU - Edgcomb, Virginia P. AU - Ferrando, Carlotta AU - France, Lydéric AU - Ghosh, Biswajit AU - Ildefonse, Benoît M. AU - Kendrick, Mark A. AU - Koepke, Juergen H. AU - Leong, James A. M. AU - Chuanzhou, Liu AU - Qiang, Ma AU - Morishita, Tomoaki AU - Morris, Antony AU - Natland, James H. AU - Nozaka, Toshio AU - Pluemper, Oliver AU - Sanfilippo, Alessio AU - Sylvan, Jason B. AU - Tivey, Maurice A. AU - Tribuzio, Riccardo AU - Viegas, Luis G. F. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Cardiff University, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff Affiliation (monographic): Cardiff University, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 360 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: S324222 S324222 E0571641 E0571641 illus., incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps Contains 87 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program; ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; Southwest Indian Ridge lower crust and Moho; Expedition 360 of the riserless drilling platform, Colombo, Sri Lanka, to Port Louis, Mauritius; Site U1473, 30 November 2015-30 January 2016, Christopher J. MacLeod, Henry J. B. Dick, Peter Blum, Natsue Abe, Donna K. Blackman, Julie A. Bowles, Michael J. Cheadle, Kyungo Cho, Jakub Ciazela, Jeremy R. Deans, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Carlotta Ferrando, Lydéric France, Biswajit Ghosh, Benoît M. Ildefonse, Mark A. Kendrick, Juergen H. Koepke, James A. M. Leong, Liu Chuanzhou, Ma Qiang, Tomoaki Morishita, Antony Morris, James H. Natland, Toshio Nozaka, Oliver Pluemper, Alessio Sanfilippo, Jason B. Sylvan, Maurice A. Tivey, Riccardo Tribuzio and Luis G. F. Viegas; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 360 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.360, 27p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2017012010 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.360.101.2017 KW - Atlantis II fracture zone Boreholes Cores Crust Deformation Expedition 360 Gabbros Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Geophysical methods Geophysical surveys Gravity methods Hydrothermal alteration IODP Site U1473 Igneous rocks Indian Ocean International Ocean Discovery Program Leg 179 Lower crust Magnetic anomalies Magnetic methods Mantle Metamorphic rocks Metasomatism Mohorovicic discontinuity ODP Site 1105 Ocean Drilling Program Oceanic crust Paleomagnetism Peridotites Petrology Physical properties Plutonic rocks Preferred orientation Sea-floor spreading Serpentinization SloMo Southwest Indian Ridge Structural analysis Surveys Ultramafics Upper mantle 05 Petrology, Igneous and Metamorphic 18 Geophysics, Solid-Earth LA - English PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2017 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Expedition 360 summary SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Southwest Indian Ridge Lower Crust and Moho TI - Expedition 360 summary UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.360.101.2017 VL - 360 ID - 5301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dickens, G.R., Koelling, M., Smith, D.C., Schnieders, L., and the IODP Expedition 302 Scientists J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Rice University, Department of Earth Sciences, Houston, TX Affiliation (monographic): Rice University, Department of Earth Sciences, Houston, TX, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 302 Scientists Coordinates: N883000 N883000 E1400000 E1360000 illus. Contains 24 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Scientific Drilling, Vol.4, p.22-25. Publisher: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International with International Continental Scientific Drilling Program-Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management) International, Sapporo; Washington, DC, International. ISSN: 1816-8957 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2020 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2007127900 URL access: Open access DOI: 10.2204/iodp.sd.4.08.2007 KW - Arctic Coring EXpedition Arctic Ocean Cenozoic Cores Depth Drilling Expedition 302 Instruments Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Lomonosov Ridge Paleo-oceanography Pore water Sampling 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English N1 - Backman, Jan Moran, Kathryn McInroy, David Brinkhuis, H. Clemens, S. Cronin, T. Dickens, J. Eynaud, F. Gattacceca, J. Jakobsson, M. Jordan, R. Kaminski, M. King, J. Koc, N. Martinez, N. Matthiessen, J. Moore, T. Onodera, J. Rea, B. O'Regan, M. Palike, H. Rio, D. Sakamoto, T. Smith, D. C. Stein, R. St. John, K. Suto, I. Suzuki, N. Takahashi, K. Watanabe, M. Yamamoto, Y. PY - 2007 SN - 1816-8957 SP - 22–25 ST - Rhizon sampling of pore waters on scientific drilling expeditions: an example from the IODP Expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) T2 - Scientific Drilling TI - Rhizon sampling of pore waters on scientific drilling expeditions: an example from the IODP Expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.4.08.2007 VL - 4 ID - 3621 ER - TY - JOUR AB - PETROLEUM-LIKE hydrocarbons have been detected in thermally altered Recent sediments of Guaymas Basin1–5 and petroleum-like hydrocarbon impregnations were found in hydrothermal mounds on the sea floor and associated with hydrothermal vent emissions5–9. Here we report the evaluation of such a hydrothermal oil, which we find to be similar to conventionally exploited crude oils. Its young geological age (< 5,000 yr, 14C) 10 indicates that a significant fraction of the organic carbon in the oil has completed the transformation from biomass to migrating oil in less than 5,000 years, thus limiting the oil generation, explusion and migration processes to a geologically short timescale. We estimate the generation potential of such hydrothermal oil and discuss its implications to our understanding of the petroleum generation, expulsion and migration mechanisms. AU - Didyk, Borys M. AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. DA - 1989/11/01 DO - 10.1038/342065a0 IS - 6245 PY - 1989 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 65–69 ST - Hydrothermal oil of Guaymas Basin and implications for petroleum formation mechanisms T2 - Nature TI - Hydrothermal oil of Guaymas Basin and implications for petroleum formation mechanisms UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/342065a0 VL - 342 ID - 6869 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are hotspots for productivity and biodiversity. Thermal pyrolysis and circulation produce fluids rich in hydrocarbons and reduced compounds that stimulate microbial activity in surrounding sediments. Several studies have characterized the diversity of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) sediment-inhabiting microorganisms; however, many of the identified taxa lack cultures or genomic representations. Here, we resolved the metabolic potential and community-level interactions of these diverse communities by reconstructing and analyzing microbial genomes from metagenomic sequencing data. AU - Dombrowski, Nina AU - Seitz, Kiley W. AU - Teske, Andreas P. AU - Baker, Brett J. DA - 2017/08/23 DO - 10.1186/s40168-017-0322-2 IS - 1 PY - 2017 SN - 2049-2618 SP - 106 ST - Genomic insights into potential interdependencies in microbial hydrocarbon and nutrient cycling in hydrothermal sediments T2 - Microbiome TI - Genomic insights into potential interdependencies in microbial hydrocarbon and nutrient cycling in hydrothermal sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0322-2 VL - 5 ID - 6775 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microbes in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) hydrothermal sediments thrive on hydrocarbons and sulfur and experience steep, fluctuating temperature and chemical gradients. The functional capacities of communities inhabiting this dynamic habitat are largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed 551 genomes from hydrothermally influenced, and nearby cold sediments belonging to 56 phyla (40 uncultured). These genomes comprise 22 unique lineages, including five new candidate phyla. In contrast to findings from cold hydrocarbon seeps, hydrothermal-associated communities are more diverse and archaea dominate over bacteria. Genome-based metabolic inferences provide first insights into the ecological niches of these uncultured microbes, including methane cycling in new Crenarchaeota and alkane utilization in ANME-1. These communities are shaped by a high biodiversity, partitioning among nitrogen and sulfur pathways and redundancy in core carbon-processing pathways. The dynamic sediments select for distinctive microbial communities that stand out by expansive biodiversity, and open up new physiological perspectives into hydrothermal ecosystem function. AU - Dombrowski, Nina AU - Teske, Andreas P. AU - Baker, Brett J. DA - 2018/11/27 DO - 10.1038/s41467-018-07418-0 IS - 1 PY - 2018 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 4999 ST - Expansive microbial metabolic versatility and biodiversity in dynamic Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments T2 - Nature Communications TI - Expansive microbial metabolic versatility and biodiversity in dynamic Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07418-0 VL - 9 ID - 6776 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunlea, Ann G. AU - Murray, Richard W. AU - Harris, Robert N. AU - Vasiliev, Maxim A. AU - Evans, Helen AU - Spivack, Arthur J. AU - D'Hondt, Steven J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Boston University, Department of Earth and Environment, Boston, MA Affiliation (monographic): Boston University, Department of Earth and Environment, Boston, MA, United States Coordinates: S455800 S235100 W1230900 W1660000 illus., incl. 1 table Contains 28 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Scientific Drilling, Vol.15, p.57-63. Publisher: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Sapporo; Washington, DC, International. ISSN: 1816-8957 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2020 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2013047789 URL access: Open access DOI: 10.2204/iodp.sd.15.05.2013 KW - Accuracy Actinides Alkali metals Concentration Cores Density East Pacific Expedition 329 Gamma-ray methods Gamma-ray spectra Geochemistry ICP mass spectra IODP Site U1366 IODP Site U1368 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Isotopes K-40 Marine sediments Mass spectra Metals Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Potassium Radioactive isotopes Sediments South Pacific Southeast Pacific Spectra Th-232 Thorium U-238 Uranium Uranium disequilibrium 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2013 SN - 1816-8957 SP - 57–63 ST - Assessment and use of NGR instrumentation on the JOIDES Resolution to quantify U, Th, and K concentrations in marine sediment T2 - Scientific Drilling TI - Assessment and use of NGR instrumentation on the JOIDES Resolution to quantify U, Th, and K concentrations in marine sediment UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.15.05.2013 VL - 15 ID - 4357 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Milton Monzonite of southeastern Australia was thermoviscously remagnetized as a result of Cretaceous burial and uplift. Thermal demagnetization separates the low unblocking temperature (LT) overprint from the high unblocking temperature (HT) primary remanence, with a relatively sharp junction between LT and HT components in vector projections. For single-domain grains, the junction temperature TL between two such vectors corresponds to the maximum blocking temperature Tr reactivated in nature, apart from a correction for the difference between natural and laboratory timescales. However, measured TL values are distributed over an implausibly wide range (>250°C) for burial remagnetization of an untilted intrusion like the Milton Monzonite. Furthermore, many TL values are anomalously high compared to the predictions of single-domain theory. Multidomain grains are the cause of these anomalies. Samples pretreated before thermal demagnetization by zero-field cycling to liquid nitrogen temperature, so as to erase multidomain remanence and isolate single-domain remanence, do have the theoretically expected TL values. In these samples, realistic remagnetization time and temperature (tr, Tr) conditions in nature are predicted using the t-T contours of Pullaiah et al. [1975]. The anomalously high TL values before low-temperature treatment are due to multidomain grains, which carry ≥50% of the LT overprint. The LT thermal demagnetization curve in samples dominated by multidomain grains is quasi-exponential in shape with a high-temperature tail extending almost to the Curie point, as predicted by multidomain theory. These high LT unblocking temperatures, which are much greater than plausible remagnetization temperatures reached in nature, overlap and mask the lower part of the HT unblocking temperature spectrum, driving up TL values and leading to inflated estimates of Tr. Although multidomain remanence is a sufficient explanation of anomalously high unblocking temperatures of thermoviscous overprints in the Milton Monzonite, chemical overprinting may be a factor in other lithologies and tectonic settings. AU - Dunlop, D. J. AU - Özdemir, Ö. AU - Schmidt, P. W. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02478 IS - B12 PY - 1997 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 27285–27295 ST - Paleomagnetism and paleothermometry of the Sydney Basin 2. Origin of anomalously high unblocking temperatures T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth TI - Paleomagnetism and paleothermometry of the Sydney Basin 2. Origin of anomalously high unblocking temperatures UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02478 VL - 102 ID - 6599 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Growth and survival of hyperthermophilic archaea in their extreme hydrothermal vent and subsurface environments are controlled by chemical and physical key parameters. This study examined the effects of elevated sulfide concentrations, temperature, and acidic pH on growth and survival of two hydrothermal vent archaea (Pyrococcus strain GB-D and Thermococcus fumicolans) under high temperature and pressure regimes. These two strains are members of the Thermococcales, a family of hyperthermophilic, heterotrophic, sulfur-reducing archaea that occur in high densities at vent sites. As actively growing cells, these two strains tolerated regimes of pH, pressure, and temperature that were in most cases not tolerated under severe substrate limitation. A moderate pH of 5.5–7 extends their survival and growth range over a wider range of sulfide concentrations, temperature and pressure, relative to lower pH conditions. T. fumicolans and Pyrococcus strain GB-D grew under very high pressures that exceeded in-situ pressures typical of hydrothermal vent depths, and included deep subsurface pressures. However, under the same conditions, but in the absence of carbon substrates and electron acceptors, survival was generally lower, and decreased rapidly when low pH stress was combined with high pressure and high temperature. AU - Edgcomb, Virginia P. AU - Molyneaux, Stephen J. AU - Böer, Simone AU - Wirsen, Carl O. AU - Saito, Mak AU - Atkins, Michael S. AU - Lloyd, Karen AU - Teske, Andreas DA - 2007/03/01 DO - 10.1007/s00792-006-0043-0 IS - 2 PY - 2007 SN - 1433-4909 SP - 329–342 ST - Survival and growth of two heterotrophic hydrothermal vent archaea, Pyrococcus strain GB-D and Thermococcus fumicolans, under low pH and high sulfide concentrations in combination with high temperature and pressure regimes T2 - Extremophiles TI - Survival and growth of two heterotrophic hydrothermal vent archaea, Pyrococcus strain GB-D and Thermococcus fumicolans, under low pH and high sulfide concentrations in combination with high temperature and pressure regimes UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-006-0043-0 VL - 11 ID - 6870 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curráy, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al., AU - Einsele, Gerhard CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Tübingen, Geol. Inst., Tübingen Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Tübingen, Geol. Inst., Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany Coordinates: N270000 N271700 W1112300 W1113300 illus. incl. 1 table Contains 18 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.1169-1176. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011146 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.156.1982 KW - Basalts DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Density East Pacific Emplacement Guaymas Basin Gulf of California IPOD Igneous rocks Intrusions Leg 64 North Pacific Northeast Pacific Overburden Pacific Ocean Pore water Sea-floor spreading Sediments Sills Spreading centers Stratigraphy Structural geology Tectonophysics Volcanic rocks 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 1169–1176 ST - Mechanism of sill intrusion into soft sediment and expulsion of pore water T2 - Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Mechanism of sill intrusion into soft sediment and expulsion of pore water UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.156.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sill intrusions into highly porous sediments in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, lead to low-grade metamorphism, thermal alteration and migration of organic compounds, marked changes in interstitial water chemistry, and large-scale expulsion of heated pore fluids. The latter process creates space for the intruding magma and initiates a hydrothermal system, which can explain the observed hydrothermal deposits around fault scarps on the basin floor. AU - Einsele, Gerhardt AU - Gieskes, Joris M. AU - Curray, Joseph AU - Moore, David M. AU - Aguayo, Eduardo AU - Aubry, Marie-Pierre AU - Fornari, Daniel AU - Guerrero, José AU - Kastner, Miriam AU - Kelts, Kerry AU - Lyle, Mitchell AU - Matoba, Yasumochi AU - Molina-Cruz, Adolfo AU - Niemitz, Jeffrey AU - Rueda, Jaime AU - Saunders, Andrew AU - Schrader, Hans AU - Simoneit, Bernd AU - Vacquier, Victor DA - 1980/01/01 DO - 10.1038/283441a0 IS - 5746 PY - 1980 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 441–445 ST - Intrusion of basaltic sills into highly porous sediments, and resulting hydrothermal activity T2 - Nature TI - Intrusion of basaltic sills into highly porous sediments, and resulting hydrothermal activity UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/283441a0 VL - 283 ID - 6871 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ellis, Darwin V. AU - Singer, J.M. CY - New York PB - Elsevier PY - 2007 ST - Well Logging for Earth Scientists (2nd edition) TI - Well Logging for Earth Scientists (2nd edition) UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4602-5 ID - 6777 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microbial sulfate reduction was studied by a 35S tracer technique in sediments from the hydrothermal vent site in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, Mexico. In situ temperatures ranged from 2.7°C in the overlying seawater to > 120°C at 30 cm depth in the hydrothermal sediment. Sulfate reduction was measured in intact cores of hydrothermal sediment at 3°, 20°, 35°, 50°, 70°, and 90°C. The maximum rates of sulfate reduction were found in the upper 0–2 cm of the sediment and ranged from 32 nmol cm−3 d−1 at 90°C to 1563 nmol cm−3 d−1 at 70°C. The rates of sulfate reduction rapidly decreased with depth in the upper 0–10 cm of the sediment and the maximal depth-integrated rate (0–10 cm) was 70.3 mmol SO42− m−2 d−1 at 70°C. In comparison, the sulfate reduction rate in nonhydrothermal sediment from the vent area was 0.85 mmol m−2 d−1 at the in situ temperature of about 3°C. The high subsurface rates of sulfate reduction in the hydrothermal vent area was attributed to an enhanced local substrate availability. In slurries of hydrothermal sediment, incubated at 10–120°C, microbial sulfate reduction extended to 102°C, and different temperature groups of microbial sulfate reducers had optimum temperatures at around 34°, 70°, and 80–88°C. The overall temperature response of thermophilic sulfate reduction was similar in hydrothermal sediment sampled at different sites. Addition of short-chain fatty acids and yeast extract to the sediment slurries stimulated sulfate reduction rates at all incubation temperatures. No sulfate reduction was detected in the temperature range from 102–120°C. Microbial rather than thermochemical sulfate reduction could be a possible source of H2S in sulfide deposits with formation temperatures at about 100°C. AU - Elsgaard, Lars AU - Isaksen, Mai F. AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker AU - Alayse, Anne-Marie AU - Jannasch, Holger W. DA - 1994/08/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90089-2 IS - 16 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016703794900892 PY - 1994 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 3335–3343 ST - Microbial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent area: influence of temperature and substrates T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Microbial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent area: influence of temperature and substrates UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90089-2 VL - 58 ID - 6872 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sorption of volatile hydrocarbon gases (VHCs) to marine sediments is a recognized phenomenon that has been investigated in the context of petroleum exploration. However, little is known about the biogeochemistry of sorbed methane and higher VHCs in environments that are not influenced by thermogenic processes. This study evaluated two different extraction protocols for sorbed VHCs, used high pressure equipment to investigate the sorption of methane to pure clay mineral phases, and conducted a geochemical and mineralogical survey of sediment samples from different oceanographic settings and geochemical regimes that are not significantly influenced by thermogenic gas. Extraction of sediments under alkaline conditions yielded higher concentrations of sorbed methane than the established protocol for acidic extraction. Application of alkaline extraction in the environmental survey revealed the presence of substantial amounts of sorbed methane in 374 out of 411 samples (91%). Particularly high amounts, up to 2.1mmolkg−1 dry sediment, were recovered from methanogenic sediments. Carbon isotopic compositions of sorbed methane suggested substantial contributions from biogenic sources, both in sulfate-depleted and sulfate-reducing sediments. Carbon isotopic relationships between sorbed and dissolved methane indicate a coupling of the two pools. While our sorption experiments and extraction conditions point to an important role for clay minerals as sorbents, mineralogical analyses of marine sediments suggest that variations in mineral composition are not controlling variations in quantities of sorbed methane. We conclude that the distribution of sorbed methane in sediments is strongly influenced by in situ production. AU - Ertefai, Tobias F. AU - Heuer, Verena B. AU - Prieto-Mollar, Xavier AU - Vogt, Christoph AU - Sylva, Sean P. AU - Seewald, Jeffrey AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe DA - 2010/11/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.006 IS - 21 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703710004448 PY - 2010 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 6033–6048 ST - The biogeochemistry of sorbed methane in marine sediments T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - The biogeochemistry of sorbed methane in marine sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.006 VL - 74 ID - 6778 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Fisher, A.T., Urabe, T., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 301 Scientists AU - Expedition 301 Scientists CY - College Station, TX DO - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.301.105.2005 KW - Biochemistry Cenozoic Cores Deformation East Pacific Expedition 301 Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Geophysical methods Geophysical profiles Geophysical surveys IODP Site U1301 Igneous rocks Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Juan de Fuca Ridge Lithostratigraphy Marine sediments Metamorphic rocks North Pacific Northeast Pacific Ocean floors Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrology Physical properties Quaternary Sediments Seismic methods Seismic profiles Surveys Thermal properties Well logs 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography OP - 31 October 2005 N1 - Fisher, Andrew T. Urabe, Tetsuro Klaus, Adam Iturrino, Gerardo J. Bartetzko, Anne C.M. Becker, Keir Coggon, Rosalind Dumont, Marion Engelen, Bert Goto, Shusaku Hawkins, Lisa Heuer, Verena Hulme, Samuel Mark Hutnak, Michael Inagaki, Fumio Kiyokawa, Shoichi Lever, Mark Alexander Nakagawa, Satoshi Nielsen, Mark Edward Noguchi, Takuroh Sager, William W. Sakaguchi, Masumi Steinsbu, Bjorn Olav Tsuji, Takeshi Wheat, Charles Geoffrey PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2005 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.301.105.2005 VL - 301 ID - 6779 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Ferdelman, T.G., Kano, A., Williams, T., Henriet, J.-P., and the Expedition 307 Scientists AU - Expedition 307 Scientists CY - Washington, DC DO - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.307.102.2006 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Max-Planck-Institute of Marine Microbiology, Department of Biogeochemistry, Bremen Affiliation (monographic): Max-Planck-Institute of Marine Microbiology, Department of Biogeochemistry, Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 307 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N512200 N512700 W0113300 W0114400 illus., incl. 7 tables Contains 74 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; modern carbonate mounds; Porcupine drilling; Expedition 307 of the riserless drilling platform from Dublin, Ireland, to Mobile, Alabama; Sites U1316-U1318; 25 April-30 May 2005, Timothy G. Ferdelman, Akihiro Kano, Trevor Williams, J. P. Henriet, Philippe Gaillot, Kohei Abe, Miriam S. Andres, Morten Bjerager, Emily L. Browning, Barry A. Cragg, Ben De Mol, Anneleen Foubert, Tracy D. Frank, Yuji Fuwa, Jamshid J. Gharib, Jay M. Gregg, Veerle Ann Ida Huvenne, Philippe Léonide, Li Xianghui, Kai Mangelsdorf, Ivana Novosel, Saburo Sakai, Vladimir A. Samarkin, Keiichi Sasaki, Arthur J. Spivack, Chizuru Takashima, Akiko Tanaka and Jürgen Titschack; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 307 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.307, 46p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2007087766 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.307.102.2006 KW - Algae Atlantic Ocean Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Chronostratigraphy Cores Downhole methods Expedition 307 Foraminifera Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Lithostratigraphy Microfossils Mineral composition Nannofossils North Atlantic Ocean floors Paleomagnetism Plantae Porcupine Basin Protista Sedimentary rocks Textures 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English N1 - Ferdelman, Timothy G. Kano, Akihiro Williams, Trevor Henriet, J. P. Gaillot, Philippe Abe, Kohei Andres, Miriam S. Bjerager, Morten Browning, Emily L. Cragg, Barry A. De Mol, Ben Foubert, Anneleen Frank, Tracy D. Fuwa, Yuji Gharib, Jamshid J. Gregg, Jay M. Huvenne, Veerle Ann Ida Léonide, Philippe Li Xianghui Mangelsdorf, Kai Novosel, Ivana Sakai, Saburo Samarkin, Vladimir A. Sasaki, Keiichi Spivack, Arthur J. Takashima, Chizuru Tanaka, Akiko Titschack, Jürgen PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc PY - 2006 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.307.102.2006 VL - 307 ID - 3276 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Riedel, M., Collett, T.S., Malone, M.J., and the Expedition 311 Scientists AU - Expedition 311 Scientists CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, BC Affiliation (monographic): Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, BC, Canada Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 311 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N483700 N484800 W1264000 W1270400 4 tables Contains 92 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Cascadia margin gas hydrates; Expedition 311 of the riserless drilling platform; Balboa, Panama, to Victoria, British Columbia (Canada); Sites U1325-U1329; 28 August-28 October 2005, Michael Reidel, Timothy S. Collett, Mitchell J. Malone, Gilles Guèrin, Fumio Akiba, Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron, Michelle Ellis, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Verena Heuer, Yosuke Higashi, Melanie Holland, Peter D. Jackson, Masanori Kaneko, Miriam Kastner, Ji-Hoon Kim, Hiroko Kitajima, Philip E. Long, Alberto Malinverno, Greg Myers, Leena D. Palekar, John Pohlman, Peter Schultheiss, Barbara Teichert, Marta E. Torres, Anne M. Tréhu, Wang Jiasheng, Ulrich G. Wortmann and Hideyoshi Yoshioka; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 311 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.311, 76p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2007101790 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.311.102.2006 KW - Biostratigraphy Cascadia subduction zone Cores Downhole methods East Pacific Expedition 311 Geochemistry Geophysical methods Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Lithostratigraphy Marine sediments North Pacific Northeast Pacific Ocean floors Organic compounds Pacific Ocean Petrology Physical properties Sediments 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English OP - 28 October 2006 N1 - Riedel, Michael Collett, Timothy S. Malone, Mitchell J. Guèrin, Gilles Akiba, Fumio Blanc-Valleron, Marie-Madeleine Ellis, Michelle Hashimoto, Yoshitaka Heuer, Verena Higashi, Yosuke Holland, Melanie Jackson, Peter D. Kaneko, Masanori Kastner, Miriam Kim, Ji-Hoon Kitajima, Hiroko Long, Philip E. Malinverno, Alberto Myers, Greg Palekar, Leena D. Pohlman, John Schultheiss, Peter Teichert, Barbara Torres, Marta E. Tréhu, Anne M. Wang Jiasheng Wortmann, Ulrich G. Yoshioka, Hideyoshi PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2006 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.311.102.2006 VL - 311 ID - 3098 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Saito, S., Underwood, M.B., Kubo, Y., and the Expedition 322 Scientists AU - Expedition 322 Scientists CY - Tokyo DO - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.322.102.2010 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, MO Affiliation (monographic): University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, MO, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 322 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N324400 N325000 E1365600 E1365200 illus., incl. 16 tables Contains 79 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; NanTroSEIZE Stage 2; subduction inputs; Expedition 322 of the riser drilling platform from and to Shingu, Japan; Sites C0011 and C0012; 1 September-10 October 2009, Michael B. Underwood, Saneatsu Saito, Yu'suke Kubo, Yoshinori Sanada, Shun Chiyonobu, Christine Destrigneville, Brandon Dugan, Pawan Govil, Yohei Hamada, Verena Heuer, André Hüpers, Matt Ikari, Yujin Kitamura, Steffen Kutterolf, Shasa Labanieh, John Moreau, Hajime Naruse, Hirokuni Oda, Jin-Oh Park, Kevin T. Pickering, Rachel Scudder, Angela Slagle, Glenn Spinelli, Marta Torres, Joanne Tudge, Wu Huaichun, Tomohiro Yamamoto, Yuzuru Yamamoto and Xixi Zhao; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 322 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.322, 12p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2010091004 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.322.102.2010 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Chronostratigraphy Computed tomography Cores Data management Downhole methods Drilling Expedition 322 Foraminifera Geochemical methods Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Heat flow Hydrochemistry Igneous rocks Information management Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Lithostratigraphy Magnetic properties Magnetic susceptibility Magnetostratigraphy Marine drilling Marine methods Microfossils NanTroSEIZE Nankai Trough Nannofossils North Pacific Northwest Pacific Organic compounds Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Physical properties Plantae Pore water Protista Sample preparation Sampling Sedimentary rocks Shikoku Basin Thermal conductivity Tomography Well-logging West Pacific X-ray data X-ray diffraction data 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English OP - 10 October 2010 N1 - Underwood, Michael B. Saito, Saneatsu Kubo, Yu'suke Sanada, Yoshinori Chiyonobu, Shun Destrigneville, Christine Dugan, Brandon Govil, Pawan Hamada, Yohei Heuer, Verena Hüpers, André Ikari, Matt Kitamura, Yujin Labanieh, Shasa Moreau, John Naruse, Hajime Oda, Hirokuni Park, Jin-Oh Pickering, Kevin T. Scudder, Rachel Slagle, Angela Spinelli, Glenn Torres, Marta Tudge, Joanne Wu Huaichun Yamamoto, Tomohiro Yamamoto, Yuzuru Zhao, Xixi PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2010 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.322.102.2010 VL - 322 ID - 4162 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Takahashi, K., Ravelo, A.C., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 323 Scientists AU - Expedition 323 Scientists CY - Tokyo DO - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.323.102.2011 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Kyushu University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Fukuoka Affiliation (monographic): Kyushu University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 323 Scientists, College Station, TX illus., incl. 3 tables Contains 117 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Bering Sea paleoceanography; Expedition 323 of the riserless drilling platform; Victoria, British Columbia (Canada), to Yokohama, Japan; 5 July-4 September 2009, Kozo Takahashi, Chirstina Ravelo, Carlos Alvarez Zarikian, Gilles Guèrin, Tanzhuo Liu, Ivano Aiello, Hirofumi Asahi, Gretta Bartoli, Beth Caissie, Chen Muhong, Elena Colmenero-Hidalgo, Mea Cook, Kelsie Dadd, Youngsook Huh, Katrine Husum, Akira Ijiri, Minoru Ikehara, Sev Kender, Steve Lund, Chirstian März, Alan Mix, Maheswar Ojha, Makoto Okada, Yusuke Okazaki, Jonaotaro Onodera, Catherine Pierre, Taoufik Radi, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Tatsuhiko Sakamoto, David Scholl, Heather Schrum, Zuzanna N. Stroynowski, Emily A. Walsh and Laura Wehrmann; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 323 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.323, 53p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2011032770 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.323.102.2011 KW - Algae Arthropoda Bering Sea Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Cores Correlation Crustacea Diatoms Dinoflagellata Downhole methods Drilling Expedition 323 Foraminifera Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Hydrochemistry Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Lithostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Mandibulata Marine drilling Marine sediments Methods Microfossils Miospores Neogene North Pacific Ostracoda Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Palynomorphs Physical properties Plantae Pleistocene Pliocene Pollen Pore water Protista Quaternary Radiolaria Sample preparation Sediments Tertiary Well logs Well-logging 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English OP - 15 March 2011 N1 - Takahashi, Kozo Ravelo, Christina Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos Guèrin, Gilles Liu, Tanzhuo Aiello, Ivano Asahi, Hirofumi Bartoli, Gretta Caissie, Beth Chen Muhong Colmenero-Hidalgo, Elena Cook, Mea Dadd, Kelsie Hugh, Youngsook Husum, Katrine Ijiri, Akira Ikehara, Minoru Kender, Sev Lund, Steve März, Christian Mix, Alan Ojha, Maheswar Okada, Makoto Okazaki, Yusuke Onodera, Jonaotaro Pierre, Catherine Radi, Taoufik Risgaard-Petersen, Nils Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko Scholl, David Schrum, Heather Stroynowski, Zuzanna N. Walsh, Emily A. Wehrmann, Laura PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2011 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.323.102.2011 VL - 323 ID - 4204 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - D’Hondt, S., Inagaki, F., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 329 Scientists AU - Expedition 329 Scientists CY - Tokyo J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI Affiliation (monographic): University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 329 Scientific Party, College Station, TX Coordinates: S455800 S235100 W1230900 W1653900 illus., incl. 13 tables Contains 141 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; South Pacific gyre subseafloor; Expedition 329 of the riserless drilling platform; Papeete, Tahiti, to Auckland, New Zealand Sites U1365-U1371, 9 October-13 December 2010, Steven D'Hondt, Fumio Inagaki, Carlos Alvarez Zarikian, Helen Evans, Nathalie Dubois, Tim Engelhardt, Timothy Ferdelman, Britta Gribsholt, Robert N. Harris, Bryce W. Hoppie, Jung-Ho Hyun, Jens Kallmeyer, Jinwook Kim, Jill E. Lynch, Satoshi Mitsunobu, Yuki Morono, Richard W. Murray, Brandi K. Reese, Takaya Shimono, Fumito Shiraishi, David C. Smith, Christopher E. Smith-Duque, Arthur J. Spivack, Bjorn Olav Steinsbu, Yohey Suzuki, Michal Szpak, Laurent Toffin, Goichiro Uramoto, Yasuhiko Yamaguchi, Zhang Guoliang, Zhang Xiaohua and Wiebke Ziebis; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 329 Scientific Party, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.332, 79p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2012014424 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.329.102.2011 KW - Alteration Arthropoda Basement Biochemistry Biostratigraphy Biota Boreholes Chemostratigraphy Cores Crust Crustacea Downhole methods Ecology Eh Expedition 329 Faults Foraminifera Fractures Gases Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Geophysical methods Hydrocarbons IODP Site U1365 IODP Site U1366 IODP Site U1367 IODP Site U1368 IODP Site U1369 IODP Site U1370 IODP Site U1371 Igneous rocks Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Isotopes Lithostratigraphy Magnetic methods Magnetostratigraphy Mandibulata Marine sediments Microfossils Microorganisms Oceanic crust Organic compounds Ostracoda Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrology Physical properties Pore water Protista Radioactive isotopes Radiolaria Sample preparation Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary structures Sediments Solutes South Pacific Stable isotopes Thin sections Veins Well-logging X-ray diffraction data 13 Areal Geology, General LA - English N1 - D'Hondt, Steven Inagaki, Fumio Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos Evans, Helen Dubois, Nathalie Engelhardt, Tim Ferdelman, Timothy Gribsholt, Britta Harris, Robert N. Hoppie, Bryce W. Hyun, Jung-Ho Kallmeyer, Jens Kim, Jinwook Lynch, Jill E. Mitsunobu, Satoshi Morono, Yuki Murray, Richard W. Reese, Brandi K. Shimono, Takaya Shiraishi, Fumito Smith, David C. Smith-Duque, Christopher E. Spivack, Arthur J. Steinsbu, Bjorn Olav Suzuki, Yohey Szpak, Michal Toffin, Laurent Uramoto, Goichiro Yamaguchi, Yasuhiko Zhang Guoliang Zhang Xiaohua Ziebis, Wiebke PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2011 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.329.102.2011 VL - 329 ID - 4389 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Koppers, A.A.P., Yamazaki, T., Geldmacher, J., and the Expedition 330 Scientists AU - Expedition 330 Scientists CY - Tokyo J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR Affiliation (monographic): Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 330 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: S381059 S263936 W1683816 W1744345 illus., incl. 15 tables Contains 136 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Louisville seamount trail; Expedition 330 of the riserless drilling platform from and to Auckland, New Zealand; Sites U1372-U1377, 13 December 2010-11 February 2011, Anthony A. P. Koppers, Toshitsugu Yamazaki, Jörg Geldmacher, Louise Anderson, Christoph Beier, David M. Buchs, Chen Lihui, Benjamin E. Cohen, Fabien Deschamps, Michael J. Dorais, Daniel R. Ebuna, Sebastian Ehmann, J. Godfrey Fitton, Patrick M. Fulton, Erdenesaikhan Ganbat, Jeffrey S. Gee, Cedric Hamelin, Takeshi Hanyu, Hiroyuki Hoshi, Lara Kalnins, Johnathon Kell, Shiki Machida, John J. Mahoney, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Nicola J. Pressling, Svenja Rausch, Shin-ichi Sano, Jason B. Sylvan and Rebecca Williams; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 330 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Online), Vol.330, 80p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2012033956 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.330.102.2012 KW - Algae Alteration Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Cores Crust Drilling Expedition 330 Foraminifera Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Igneous rocks Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Lithostratigraphy Louisville Seamounts Magnetostratigraphy Marine drilling Microfossils Nannofossils Ocean floors Oceanic crust Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrology Physical properties Plantae Protista Seamounts Sedimentary rocks South Pacific Southwest Pacific Volcanic rocks Well logs West Pacific 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English N1 - Koppers, Anthony A. P. Yamazaki, Toshitsugu Geldmacher, Jörg Anderson, Louise Beier, Christoph Buchs, David M. Chen Lihui Cohen, Benjamin E. Deschamps, Fabien Dorais, Michael J. Ebuna, Daniel R. Ehmann, Sebastian Fitton, J. Godfrey Fulton, Patrick M. Ganbat, Erdenesaikhan Gee, Jeffrey S. Hamelin, Cedric Hanyu, Takeshi Hoshi, Hiroyuki Kalnins, Lara Kell, Johnathon Machida, Shiki Mahoney, John J. Moriya, Kazuyoshi Nichols, Alexander R. L. Pressling, Nicola J. Rausch, Svenja Sano, Shin-ichi Sylvan, Jason B. Williams, Rebecca PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2012 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.330.102.2012 VL - 330 ID - 4430 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Inagaki, F., Hinrichs, K.-U., Kubo, Y., and the Expedition 337 Scientists AU - Expedition 337 Scientists CY - Tokyo J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen Affiliation (monographic): University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 337 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N411100 N411100 E1421200 E1421200 illus., incl. 14 tables Contains 117 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; deep coalbed biosphere off Shimokita; Expedition 337 of the riser drilling platform, Hachinohe, Japan, to Shimizu, Japan, Site C0020, 26 July-30 September 2012, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Fumio Inagaki, Yu'suke Kubo, Yoshinori Sanada, Stephen Bowden, Marshall Bowles, Clemens Glombitza, Guy Harrington, Verena Heuer, Wei-Li Hong, Tomoyuki Hori, Tatsuhiko Hoshino, Akira Ijiri, Mark Alexander Lever, David Limmer, Yu-Shih Lin, Liu Changhong, Sumito Morita, Yuki Morono, Masafumi Murayama, Natascha Riedinger, Young-Soo Park, Stephen Phillips, Marcella Purkey, Doris Reischenbacher, Justine Sauvage, Glen Snyder, Rita Susilawati, Wataru Tanikawa, Elizabeth Trembath-Reichert and Yasuhiro Yamada; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 337 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Online), Vol.337, 86p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2013086780 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.337.102.2013 KW - Algae Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Aomori Japan Asia Boreholes C-13/C-12 Carbon Cores Cuttings DNA Diatoms Downhole methods Drilling Expedition 337 Far East Gases Genetics Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Honshu Hydrocarbons Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Isotope ratios Isotopes Japan Lipids Lithofacies Lithostratigraphy Marine drilling Methane Microfossils Noble gases North Pacific Northwest Pacific Nucleic acids Organic compounds Pacific Ocean Palynomorphs Physical properties Plantae Radon Sampling Shimokita Peninsula Stable isotopes Well logs West Pacific X-ray diffraction data 02 Geochemistry 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English N1 - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe Inagaki, Fumio Kubo, Yu'suke Sanada, Yoshinori Bowden, Stephen Bowles, Marshall Glombitza, Clemens Harrington, Guy Heuer, Verena Hong, Wei-Li Hori, Tomoyuki Hoshino, Tatsuhiko Ijiri, Akira Lever, Mark Alexander Limmer, David Lin, Yu-Shih Liu Changhong Morita, Sumito Morono, Yuki Murayama, Masafumi Riedinger, Natascha Park, Young-Soo Phillips, Stephen Purkey, Marcella Reischenbacher, Doris Sauvage, Justine Snyder, Glen Susilawati, Rita Tanikawa, Wataru Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth Yamada, Yasuhiro PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2013 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.337.102.2013 VL - 337 ID - 4618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We analyzed the confidence limits of benthic foraminiferal counts obtained from fossil deep-sea assemblages to figure out the optimum number of specimens needed for a reliable interpretation of species proportions. Precision and reliability are analyzed by calculating the binomial confidence limits. We demonstrate that in studies based on the interpretation of the proportional distribution of only the dominant taxa, counts of as low as 100 specimens are sufficient. Studies, however, that aim to investigate species diversity patterns usually require higher counts. Generally, we suggest that percent abundance given in micropaleontological studies should include the binomial error estimate. AU - Fatela, F. AU - Taborda, R. DA - 2002/06/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00021-X IS - 2 KW - confidence limits benthic foraminifera error estimate N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037783980200021X PY - 2002 SN - 0377-8398 SP - 169–174 ST - Confidence limits of species proportions in microfossil assemblages T2 - Marine Micropaleontology TI - Confidence limits of species proportions in microfossil assemblages UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00021-X VL - 45 ID - 6780 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A two-dimensional, one by two-kilometer section through the seafloor was simulated with a numerical model to investigate coupled fluid and heat flow resulting from basalt intrusions in a buried spreading center. Boundary and initial conditions and physical properties of both sediments and basalt were constrained by field surveys and drilling in the Guaymas Basin, central Gulf of California. Parametric variations in these studies included sediment and basalt permeability, anisotropy in sediment permeability, and the size of heat sources. Faults were introduced through new intrusions both before and after cooling. Background heat input caused fluid convection at velocities ≤ 3 cm a−1 through shallow sediments. Eighty to ninety percent of the heat introduced at the base of the simulations exited through the upper, horizontal surface, even when the vertical boundaries were made permeable to fluid flow. The simulated injection of a 25–50 m thick basalt intrusion at a depth of 250 m resulted in about 10 yr of pore-fluid expulsion through the sea-floor in all cases, leaving the sediments above the intrusions strongly underpressured. A longer period of fluid recharge followed, sometimes accompanied by reductions in total seafloor heat output of 10% in comparison to pre-intrusion values. Additional discharge-recharge events were dispersed chaotically through the duration of the cooling period. These cycles in heat and fluid flow resulted from the response of the simulated system to a thermodynamic shock, the sudden emplacement of a large heat source, and not from mechanical displacement of sediments and pore fluids, which was not simulated. Water/rock mass ratios calculated from numerical simulations are in good agreement with geochemical estimates from materials recovered from the Guaymas Basin, assuming a bulk basalt permeability value of at least 10−17 m2/(10−2 mD). The addition of faults through intrusions and sediments in these simulations did not facilitate continuous, rapid venting. Increased heat input at the base of the faults resulted in temporarily greater fluid discharge, but the flow could not be sustained because the modeled system could not recharge cold fluid quickly enough to remove sufficient heat through the vents. AU - Fisher, A. T. AU - Narasimhan, T. N. DA - 1991/04/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90153-9 IS - 1–4 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X91901539 PY - 1991 SN - 0012-821X SP - 100–115 ST - Numerical simulations of hydrothermal circulation resulting from basalt intrusions in a buried spreading center T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Numerical simulations of hydrothermal circulation resulting from basalt intrusions in a buried spreading center UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90153-9 VL - 103 ID - 6873 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Fisher, R.V. AU - Schmincke, H.-U. CY - Berlin PB - Springer PY - 1984 ST - Pyroclastic Rocks TI - Pyroclastic Rocks UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74864-6 ID - 6781 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Fossen, H. CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2016 ST - Structural Geology (2nd edition) TI - Structural Geology (2nd edition) ID - 6782 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lancelot, Y., Winterer, E. L. AU - Fritz, D. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Explor. and Prod. Co., Houston, Tex. Affiliation (monographic): Explor. and Prod. Co., Houston, Tex., United States Coordinates: N300000 N330000 W0100000 W0120000 tables Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Leg 50 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Funchal, Madeira Islands to Funchal, Madeira Islands; September-November 1976, L. N. Stout, P. Worstell, Y. Lancelot, E. L. Winterer, A. Bosellini, A. G. Boutefeu, R. E. Boyce, P. Cepek, D. Fritz, E. M. Galimov, M. Melguen, I. Price, W. Schlager, W. Sliter, K. Taguchi, E. Vincent and J. Westberg. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol.50, p.855-859. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1980058042 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.50.app5.1980 KW - Atlantic Ocean DSDP Site 415 DSDP Site 416 Deep Sea Drilling Project Environmental geology IPOD Leg 50 Pollution Programs Safety Well-logging 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1980 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 855–859 ST - Safety and pollution prevention program, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 50, Sites 415 and 416 T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Safety and pollution prevention program, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 50, Sites 415 and 416 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.50.app5.1980 VL - 50 ID - 6589 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Fryer, P., Wheat, C.G., Williams, T., and the Expedition 366 Scientists AU - Fryer, Patricia AU - Wheat, C. Geoffrey AU - Williams, Trevor AU - Albers, Elmar AU - Bekins, Barbara AU - Debret, Baptiste P. R. AU - Jianghong, Deng AU - Yanhui, Dong AU - Eickenbusch, Philip AU - Frery, Emanuelle A. AU - Ichiyama, Yuji AU - Johnson, Kevin AU - Johnston, Raymond M. AU - Kevorkian, Richard T. AU - Kurz, Walter AU - Magalhaes, Vitor AU - Mantovanelli, Simone S. AU - Menapace, Walter AU - Menzies, Catriona D. AU - Michibayashi, Katsuyoshi AU - Moyer, Craig L. AU - Mullane, Kelli K. AU - Park, Jung-Woo AU - Price, Roy E. AU - Rayan, Jeffrey G. AU - Shervais, John W. AU - Suzuki, Shino AU - Sissmann, Olivier J. AU - Takai, Ken AU - Walter, Bastien AU - Zhang, Rui CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Plaentology, Manoa, HI Affiliation (monographic): University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Plaentology, Manoa, HI, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 366 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N130000 N190000 E1480000 E1450000 Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; Mariana convergent margin and South Chamorro Seamount; Expedition 366 of the riserless drilling platform, Guam to Hong Kong; Sites 1200 and U1491-U1498, 8 December 2017-7 February 2017, Patricia Fryer, C. Geoffrey Wheat, Trevor Williams, Elmar Albers, Barbara Bekins, Baptiste P. R. Debret, Deng Jianghong, Dong Yanhui, Philip Eickenbusch, Emanuelle A. Frery, Yuji Ichiyama, Kevin Johnson, Raymond M. Johnston, Richard T. Kevorkian, Walter Kurz, Vitor Magalhaes, Simone S. Mantovanelli, Walter Menapace, Catriona D. Menzies, Katsuyoshi Michibayashi, Craig L. Moyer, Kelli K. Mullane, Jung-Woo Park, Roy E. Price, Jeffrey G. Ryan, John W. Shervais, Shino Suzuki, Olivier J. Sissmann, Ken Takai, Bastien Walter and Zhang Rui; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 366 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.366. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2018020428 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.366.102.2018 KW - Boreholes Cenozoic Clasts Cores DNA Downhole methods Expedition 366 Fluid phase Gases Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Harzburgite Hydrochemistry IODP Site U1491 IODP Site U1492 IODP Site U1493 IODP Site U1494 IODP Site U1495 IODP Site U1496 IODP Site U1497 IODP Site U1498 Igneous rocks International Ocean Discovery Program Lithostratigraphy Magnetic properties Magnetic susceptibility Magnetostratigraphy Mariana Forearc Mariana Trough Marine sediments Metaigneous rocks Metamorphic rocks Metasomatic rocks Microorganisms Mud volcanoes North Pacific Northwest Pacific Nucleic acids Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Peridotites Petrology Physical properties Plutonic rocks Pore water Pyroclastics Sedimentary rocks Sediments Serpentinite South Chamorro Seamount Structural analysis Thin sections Ultramafics Volcanic rocks Well logs West Pacific 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2018 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Expedition 366 methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Mariana Convergent Margin and South Chamorro Seamount TI - Expedition 366 methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.366.102.2018 VL - 366 ID - 5392 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The use of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) to orient boreholes was reported at least thirty years ago (e.g., Lynton, 1938). The method depends upon determining the direction of remanent magnetization of the sample and relating it to the geomagnetic field in which the rock was presumed to have been magnetized. If the NRM faithfully records the relevant geomagnetic field and the field is known, the orientation of the core sample is available. Unfortunately, the ancient geomagnetic pole positions are not, in general, sufficiently well known to make this method particularly successful for rocks that are older than late Tertiary. Moreover, the presence of a weak, viscous component of magnetization parallel to the present geomagnetic field at a given site may produce erroneous results unless it is recognized and eliminated. However, the existence of this component provides another means of orienting the core sample. Isolation of this component might initially appear to be difficult, but it is actually a standard procedure of paleomagnetism; and, in fact, many studies have implicitly demonstrated that the direction of the present geomagnetic field at the sample site is recoverable (e.g., As and Zijderveld, 1958; Zijderveld, 1967). Indeed a number of people have recognized the possibility of using this component to orient borehole samples (e.g., Hargraves, 1969—private communication). The use of this soft viscous component has been advocated recently to distinguish between normal and reversely magnetized rocks in connection with tests of the sea floor spreading hypothesis (Irving and Roy, 1968). Nevertheless, no explicit demonstration of the technique of orienting borehole cores has been published. In the course of paleomagnetic surveys, our demagnetization studies have revealed a number of examples of behavior which makes the orientation method possible. This note describes such behavior and explains how the orientation might be recovered. AU - Fuller, M. DO - 10.1190/1.1440047 IS - 5 N1 - https://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/1.1440047 PY - 1969 SP - 772–774 ST - Magnetic orientation of borehole cores T2 - Geophysics TI - Magnetic orientation of borehole cores UR - https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440047 VL - 34 ID - 6783 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Magma emplacement in organic-rich sedimentary basins is a main driver of past environmental crises. Using a 2-D numerical model, we investigate the process of thermal cracking in contact aureoles of cooling sills and subsequent transport and emission of thermogenic methane by hydrothermal fluids. Our model includes a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to initiate hydrofracturing and a dynamic porosity/permeability. We investigate the Karoo Basin, taking into account host-rock material properties from borehole data, realistic total organic carbon content, and different sill geometries. Consistent with geological observations, we find that thermal plumes quickly rise at the edges of saucer-shaped sills, guided along vertically fractured high-permeability pathways. Contrastingly, less focused and slower plumes rise from the edges and the central part of flat-lying sills. Using a novel upscaling method based on sill-to-sediment ratio, we find that degassing of the Karoo Basin occurred in two distinct phases during magma invasion. Rapid degassing triggered by sills emplaced within the top 1.5 km emitted ~1.6·103 Gt of thermogenic methane, while thermal plumes originating from deeper sills, carrying a 13-times-greater mass of methane, may not reach the surface. We suggest that these large quantities of methane could be remobilized by the heat provided by neighboring sills. We conclude that the Karoo large igneous province may have emitted as much as ~22.3·103 Gt of thermogenic methane in the half million years of magmatic activity, with emissions up to 3 Gt/year. This quantity of methane and the emission rates can explain the negative δ13C excursion of the Toarcian environmental crisis. AU - Galerne, C. Y. AU - Hasenclever, J. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC008120 IS - 6 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GC008120 PY - 2019 SN - 1525-2027 SP - 2955–2984 ST - Distinct degassing pulses during magma invasion in the stratified Karoo Basin—new insights from hydrothermal fluid flow modeling T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems TI - Distinct degassing pulses during magma invasion in the stratified Karoo Basin—new insights from hydrothermal fluid flow modeling UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC008120 VL - 20 ID - 6874 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al. AU - Galimov, Eric M. AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): USSR Acad. Sci., Vernadsky Inst. Geochem. Anal. Chem., Moscow Affiliation (monographic): USSR Acad. Sci., Vernadsky Inst. Geochem. Anal. Chem., Moscow, USSR Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 54 anal., 3 tables Contains 8 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.781-787. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011114 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.124.1982 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Biogenesis C-13/C-12 Carbon Cenozoic DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 479 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Ethane Gases Genesis Geochemistry Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Hydrocarbons IPOD Isotopes Leg 64 Marine sediments Methane Neogene North Pacific Northeast Pacific Oceanography Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Pentane Pliocene Propane Quaternary Sediments Stable isotopes Tertiary Thermogenesis 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 781–787 ST - Geochemistry of interstitial gases in sedimentary deposits of the Gulf of California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 64 T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Geochemistry of interstitial gases in sedimentary deposits of the Gulf of California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 64 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.124.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6694 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Geilert, Sonja AU - Schmidt, Christian Hensen Mark AU - Liebetrau, Volker AU - Scholz, Florian AU - Doll, Mechthild AU - Deng, Longhui AU - Lever, Mark A. AU - Su, Chih-Chieh AU - Schlömer, Stefan AU - Sarkar, Sudipta AU - Thiel, Volker AU - Berndt, Christian PY - 2018 SP - 5715–5731 ST - Transition from hydrothermal vents to cold seeps records timing of carbon release in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California T2 - Biogeosciences Discussion TI - Transition from hydrothermal vents to cold seeps records timing of carbon release in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5715-2018 VL - 15 ID - 7093 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Geophysical Research Corporation CY - Tulsa, OK PB - Geophysical Research Corporation PY - 1994 ST - Multi-Sensory Memory Module Operation Manual, #006-0112-00 TI - Multi-Sensory Memory Module Operation Manual, #006-0112-00 ID - 6788 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Geophysical Research Corporation CY - Tulsa, OK PB - Geophysical Research Corporation PY - 1994 ST - University of Miami UHT-MSM Operations Manual, #006-0122-00 TI - University of Miami UHT-MSM Operations Manual, #006-0122-00 ID - 6789 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Geophysical Research Corporation CY - Tulsa, OK PB - Geophysical Research Corporation PY - 1996 ST - MSM/MIAMI Operation Software User’s Guide, #006-0128-00 TI - MSM/MIAMI Operation Software User’s Guide, #006-0128-00 ID - 6790 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D. G., et al., AU - Gieskes, Joris M. AU - Elderfield, Henry AU - Lawrence, James R. AU - Johnson, Jeff AU - Meyers, Barbara AU - Campbell, Andrew CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA Affiliation (monographic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA, United Kingdom Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 11 tables, sketch map Contains 44 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.675-694. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011106 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.116.1982 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Alkalinity Alkanes Ammonia compound Calcium Carbon Chlorides DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 475 DSDP Site 476 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 479 DSDP Site 480 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diagenesis East Pacific Geochemistry Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Halides Hydrocarbons Hydrothermal alteration IPOD Isotopes Leg 64 Lithium Magnesium Metals Metasomatism Methane North Pacific Northeast Pacific O-18/O-16 Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Oxygen Pacific Ocean Pore water Potassium Rubidium Sedimentation Sedimentation rates Sediments Stable isotopes Strontium Sulfate ion Trace elements 02 Geochemistry LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 675–694 ST - Geochemistry of interstitial waters and sediments, Leg 64, Gulf of California T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Geochemistry of interstitial waters and sediments, Leg 64, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.116.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gieskes, J. M. AU - Gamo, T. AU - Brumsack, H. J. PY - 1991 ST - Chemical methods for interstitial water analysis aboard JOIDES Resolution T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Chemical methods for interstitial water analysis aboard JOIDES Resolution UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.15.1991 VL - 15 ID - 6784 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al. AU - Gieskes, Joris M. AU - Kastner, Miriam AU - Einsele, Gerhard AU - Kelts, Kerry AU - Niemitz, Jeffrey CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA Affiliation (monographic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA, United States Coordinates: N270000 N271700 W1112300 W1113300 illus. incl. strat. cols., sketch maps Contains 41 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.1159-1167. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011145 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.155.1982 KW - Albite Chlorite Chlorite group DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diagenesis East Pacific Epidote Epidote group Facies Feldspar group Framework silicates Geochemistry Greenschist facies Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Heat flow Hydrothermal alteration IPOD Iron Isotopes Leg 64 Marine geology Marine sediments Metals Metasomatism Nesosilicates North Pacific Northeast Pacific O-18/O-16 Oceanography Orthosilicates Oxygen Pacific Ocean Plagioclase Pore water Processes Quartz Sedimentary petrology Sediments Sheet silicates Silica minerals Silicates Sorosilicates Stable isotopes Sulfides Titanite Titanite group 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 1159–1167 ST - Hydrothermal activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: a synthesis T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Hydrothermal activity in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: a synthesis UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.155.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6695 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gladenkov, A. IS - 3 PY - 2003 SP - 27–64 ST - Diatom biostratigraphy of the Neogene Milky River formation , Alaska peninsula , southwestern Alaska T2 - Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences TI - Diatom biostratigraphy of the Neogene Milky River formation , Alaska peninsula , southwestern Alaska UR - http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v54/proccas_v54_n03.pdf VL - 54 ID - 6785 ER - TY - JOUR AB - IODP Site U1309 was drilled at Atlantis Massif, an oceanic core complex, at 30°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). We present the results of a bulk rock geochemical study (major and trace elements) carried out on 228 samples representative of the different lithologies sampled at this location. Over 96% of Hole U1309D is made up of gabbroic rocks. Diabases and basalts cross-cut the upper part of the section; they have depleted MORB compositions similar to basalts sampled at MAR 30°N. Relics of mantle were recovered at shallow depth. Mantle peridotites show petrographic and geochemical evidence of extensive melt-rock interactions. Gabbroic rocks comprise: olivine-rich troctolites (>70% modal olivine) and troctolites having high Mg# (82-89), high Ni (up to 2300 ppm) and depleted trace element compositions (Yb 0.06-0.8 ppm); olivine gabbros and gabbros (including gabbronorites) with Mg# of 60-86 and low trace element contents (Yb 0.125-2.5 ppm); and oxide gabbros and leucocratic dykes with low Mg# (<50), low Ni (∼65 ppm) and high trace element contents (Yb up to 26 ppm). Troctolites and gabbros are amongst the most primitive and depleted oceanic gabbroic rocks. The main geochemical characteristics of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks are consistent with a formation as a cumulate sequence after a common parental MORB melt, although (lack of systematic) downhole variations indicate that the gabbroic series were built by multiple magma injections. In detail, textural and geochemical variations in olivine-rich troctolites and gabbronorites suggest chemical interaction (assimilation?) between the parental melt and the intruded lithosphere. Site U1309 gabbroic rocks do not represent the complementary magmatic product of 30°N volcanics, although they sample the same mantle source. The bulk trace element composition of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks is similar to primitive MORB melt compositions; this implies that there was no large scale removal of melts from this gabbro section. The occurrence of such a large magmatic sequence implies that a high magmatic activity is associated with the formation of Atlantis Massif. Our results suggest that almost all melts feeding this magmatic system stays trapped into the intruded lithosphere. Abstract Copyright (2009) Elsevier, B.V. AU - Godard, Marguerite AU - Awaji, S. AU - Hansen, H. AU - Hellebrand, E. AU - Brunelli, D. AU - Johnson, K. AU - Yamasaki, T. AU - Maeda, J. AU - Abratis, M. AU - Christie, D. AU - Kato, Y. AU - Mariet, C. AU - Rosner, M. IS - 1–2 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Université de Montpellier II, Géosciences Montpellier, Montpellier Affiliation (monographic): Université de Montpellier II, Géosciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France Coordinates: N301000 N301100 W0420600 W0420700 illus., incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map Contains 75 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279(1-2), p.110-122. Publisher: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISSN: 0012-821X Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands GeoRef ID: 2009044300 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.034 KW - Atlantic Ocean Atlantis Massif Basalts Crust Diabase Differentiation Expeditions 304/305 Gabbroic composition Gabbros ICP mass spectra IODP Site U1309 Igneous rocks In situ Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Intrusions Lithosphere Lower crust Major elements Mantle Mass spectra Melt-rock interaction Mid-Atlantic Ridge Mid-ocean ridge basalts North Atlantic Oceanic lithosphere Olivine gabbro Peridotites Petrography Plutonic rocks Spectra Trace elements Troctolite Ultramafics Upper mantle Volcanic rocks 05 Petrology, Igneous and Metamorphic LA - English PY - 2009 SN - 0012-821X SP - 110–122 ST - Geochemistry of a long in-situ section of intrusive slow-spread oceanic lithosphere: results from IODP Site U1309 (Atlantis Massif, 30°N Mid-Atlantic-Ridge) T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Geochemistry of a long in-situ section of intrusive slow-spread oceanic lithosphere: results from IODP Site U1309 (Atlantis Massif, 30°N Mid-Atlantic-Ridge) UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.034 VL - 279 ID - 3466 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goetz, Frederick E. AU - Jannasch, Holger W. DA - 1993/01/01 DO - 10.1080/01490459309377928 IS - 1 PY - 1993 SN - 0149-0451 SP - 1–18 ST - Aromatic hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria in the petroleum‐rich sediments of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site: preference for aromatic carboxylic acids T2 - Geomicrobiology Journal TI - Aromatic hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria in the petroleum‐rich sediments of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site: preference for aromatic carboxylic acids UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01490459309377928 VL - 11 ID - 6917 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the last 25 years, downhole measurements have been increasingly used for scientific applications in marine geology and geophysics, particularly in deep-sea drilling operations. Used mostly by the oil industry to map promising formations for exploration and production of hydrocarbons, a variety of instruments have been developed that can be lowered down drill holes to extract information about the subsurface geology. In the last decade, advances in computers, software, and data transmission have greatly increased the amount and quality of data that such instruments can provide. Relatively new instruments that image the borehole wall with high resolution can reveal layers and faults that previously could be seen only in core sections. Downhole measurements play a crucial role in linking core data with regional geophysical surveys and in providing data where core sections could not be obtained. Examples of recent scientific applications and approaches are presented that address previous problems with data quality and changes in properties over time after a hole is drilled. The role of downhole measurements is discussed for two broad areas of research: the structure and composition of the Earth's crust, most of which is formed at mid-ocean ridges, and past changes in Earth's environment recorded in the deep-sea sediments overlying the crust. Finally, new emerging technologies and experiments that promise significant advantages over current methods for downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics are discussed. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union. AU - Goldberg, David IS - 3 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Borehole Research Group, Palisades, NY Affiliation (monographic): Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Borehole Research Group, Palisades, NY, United States illus., incl. 2 tables Contains 160 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Reviews of Geophysics, 35(3), p.315-342. Publisher: American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 8755-1209 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1997067772 DOI: 10.1029/97RG00221 KW - Crust Deep Sea Drilling Project Downhole methods Geophysics Marine geology Measurement-while-drilling Mid-ocean ridges Ocean Drilling Program Ocean floors Oceanic crust Well-logging 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography 18 Geophysics, Solid-Earth 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English PY - 1997 SN - 8755-1209 SP - 315–342 ST - The role of downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics T2 - Reviews of Geophysics TI - The role of downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/97RG00221 VL - 35 ID - 6588 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Goldberg, E.D. (Ed.) AU - Goldhaber, M.B. AU - Kaplan, I.R. CY - New York PB - Wiley PY - 1974 SP - 569–655 ST - The sulfur cycle T2 - The Sea (Volume 5): Marine Chemistry TI - The sulfur cycle ID - 6537 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The crustal structure of the northern Gulf of California transtensional margin has been investigated by a 280-km-long NW-SE profile, including deep multichannel seismic reflection and densely sampled refraction/wide-angle reflection seismic information combined with gravity modeling. The seismic and gravity modeling constrains two thinned crustal areas, corresponding to the upper Delfín and the upper Tiburón basins. On both sides of the profile, toward the Baja California Peninsula and the Mexico mainland, a progressive thickening of the continental crust is observed. Our results indicate that the crustal thickness is 19 km below the coastline, and it decreases to 14 and 17 km below the upper Delfín and upper Tiburón basins, respectively. In the area between both basins, the crust thickens to 19.5 km. There are significant lateral thickness variations for the different levels of the crust. The interpreted structure is consistent with the existence of an aborted rift below the upper Tiburón basin. Prominent dipping reflections in the multichannel data under upper Tiburón basin and the ridge between upper Tiburón and upper Delfín basins can be explained as a mylonite like zone related to a detachment fault. This interpretation suggests that the structural evolution of upper Tiburón basin could be controlled by a major fault that cuts through the upper crust and merges into a zone of subhorizontal reflections in the lower crust. The mode and locus of extension have evolved from a core complex in upper Tiburón to a narrow rift mode in upper Delfín basin. AU - González-Fernández, A. AU - Dañobeitia, J. J. AU - Delgado-Argote, L. A. AU - Michaud, F. AU - Córdoba, D. AU - Bartolomé, R. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002941 IS - B1 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2003JB002941 PY - 2005 SN - 0148-0227 SP - B01313 ST - Mode of extension and rifting history of upper Tiburón and upper Delfín Basins, northern Gulf of California T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth TI - Mode of extension and rifting history of upper Tiburón and upper Delfín Basins, northern Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002941 VL - 110 ID - 6918 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this Special Issue, working values are reported for 383 international geostandards along with sample description. All this information is available in the form of databases. The possibility of easily accessing data on geostandards from a microcomputer in the laboratory itself is an efficient means for handling quality control/ quality assurance problems. AU - Govindaraju, K. DO - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.53202081.x-i1 IS - S1 N1 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.53202081.x-i1 PY - 1994 SN - 0150-5505 SP - 1–158 ST - 1994 compilation of working values and sample description for 383 geostandards T2 - Geostandards Newsletter TI - 1994 compilation of working values and sample description for 383 geostandards UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1998.53202081.x-i1 VL - 18 ID - 6786 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graber, K.K., Pollard, E., Jonasson, B., and Schulte, E. (Eds.) PY - 2002 ST - Overview of Ocean Drilling Program engineering tools and hardware T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Overview of Ocean Drilling Program engineering tools and hardware UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.31.2002 VL - 31 ID - 6787 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., and Ogg, G.M. (Eds.) CY - Amsterdam PB - Elsevier PY - 2012 ST - The Geologic Time Scale 2012 TI - The Geologic Time Scale 2012 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-1-08249-8 ID - 6791 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., and Ehrhardt, M. (Eds.) CY - Hoboken, NJ PB - Wiley-VCH PY - 1999 ST - Methods of Seawater Analysis (3rd edition) TI - Methods of Seawater Analysis (3rd edition) UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527613984 ID - 6792 ER - TY - JOUR AB - FILAMENTOUS sulphide-oxidizing bacteria, Beggiatoa spp., com-monly grow as submillimetre-thin white films on anoxic marine sediments. Unusually thick mats (>1 cm) of giant Beggiatoa filaments, 41–120 μm wide and 2–10 mm long, were observed at 2,000 m water depth in the hydrothermal vent fields of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California1–4. We investigated how such dense communities of the largest known bacteria overcome severe diffusion limitation of their substrate supply, and what advantage they may have by developing such large cell sizes. Oxygen, sulphide, pH and temperature were therefore measured in Beggiatoa mats directly on the sea floor. We report here the discovery of small-scale hydrothermal fluid circulations around patches of the bacteria, causing a pulsatory seawater flow into the mats and thereby enhancing the supply of oxygen and sulphide to the bacteria. AU - Gundersen, Jens K. AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker AU - Larsen, Einer AU - Jannasch, Holger W. DA - 1992/12/01 DO - 10.1038/360454a0 IS - 6403 PY - 1992 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 454–456 ST - Mats of giant sulphur bacteria on deep-sea sediments due to fluctuating hydrothermal flow T2 - Nature TI - Mats of giant sulphur bacteria on deep-sea sediments due to fluctuating hydrothermal flow UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/360454a0 VL - 360 ID - 6919 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria perform a fundamental role in the biodegradation of crude oil and its petrochemical derivatives in coastal and open ocean environments. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the diversity and function of these organisms in deep-sea sediment. Here we used stable-isotope probing (SIP), a valuable tool to link the phylogeny and function of targeted microbial groups, to investigate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria under aerobic conditions in sediments from Guaymas Basin with uniformly labeled [13C]-phenanthrene (PHE). The dominant sequences in clone libraries constructed from 13C-enriched bacterial DNA (from PHE enrichments) were identified to belong to the genus Cycloclasticus. We used quantitative PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of the SIP-identified Cycloclasticus to determine their abundance in sediment incubations amended with unlabeled PHE and showed substantial increases in gene abundance during the experiments. We also isolated a strain, BG-2, representing the SIP-identified Cycloclasticus sequence (99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), and used this strain to provide direct evidence of PHE degradation and mineralization. In addition, we isolated Halomonas, Thalassospira, and Lutibacterium sp. with demonstrable PHE-degrading capacity from Guaymas Basin sediment. This study demonstrates the value of coupling SIP with cultivation methods to identify and expand on the known diversity of PAH-degrading bacteria in the deep-sea. AD - Tony Gutierrez,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA,tony.gutierrez@hw.ac.uk Tony Gutierrez,School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh,UK,tony.gutierrez@hw.ac.uk AU - Gutierrez, Tony AU - Biddle, Jennifer F. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Aitken, Michael D. DA - 2015-July-07 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00695 KW - Guaymas basin,hydrocarbon degradation,stable isotope probing,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),Cycloclasticus,deep sea,marine environment LA - English M3 - Original Research N1 - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00695 PY - 2015 SN - 1664-302X SP - 695 ST - Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from Guaymas Basin T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent characterization of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Guaymas Basin sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00695 VL - 6 ID - 6920 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hantschel, T., and Kauerauf, A.I. CY - Berlin PB - Springer-Verlag PY - 2009 ST - Fundamentals of Basin and Petroleum Systems Modeling TI - Fundamentals of Basin and Petroleum Systems Modeling UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72318-9 ID - 6678 ER - TY - CPAPER AB - A rapid, accurate, and continuous method for measuring porosity or bulk density of cores from boreholes has been developed and is described by H. B. Evans in a companion paper. The method is based on gamma-ray scattering. The principal technical advantage of this porosity measuring method is that variations in porosity encountered by a moving, pencil-sized gamma-ray beam are recorded continuously, whereas other methods yield only an average porosity for a given core piece or plug. Excellent agreement exists between porosities of common sedimentary rocks obtained by this method and other conventional methods. This agreement reflects the preponderance of Compton scattering for gamma-rays with energies of about one Mev and the close relationship of number of electrons per unit volume to density for most minerals common in sedimentary rocks. Porous rocks contain two or more "density phases". A "density phase" as defined here consists of one or more non-porous minerals or fluids having a characteristic number of electrons per unit volume. The density phases common in sedimentary rock are:average silicates (quartz, plagioclase feldspar, unhydrated clay),light silicates (sodium and potassium feldspars, some micas, and slightly hydrated clays),calcite,dolomite,anhydrite,gypsum and halite,gas-filled pores (air or hydrocarbon), andliquid-filled pores (water or oil).If a rock contains two density phases, for example silicates and air-filled pores, the volumetric proportions of each phase can be directly determined if the densities are known. If a rock contains three density phases, the proportions of two phases must be independently measured or estimated and assigned an average density before the volumetric proportion of the third phase can be derived. This can commonly be done with enough precision to yield accurate porosities. Porosity or bulk density values are useful for evaluating rock as a fluid reservoir, for understanding depositional, compactional and diagenetic history of sediments, for estimating acoustic wave velocities or average density for geophysical purposes, for compositional analysis, for detecting density anisotropies, and as a sampling guide. Profiles measured by the gamma-ray device for a variety of rock types illustrate these applications. AU - Harms, J.C. AU - Choquette, P.W. C1 - SPWLA-1965-2C CY - Dallas, TX DA - May 1965 PY - 1965 SP - SPWLA-1965-2C T2 - SPWLA 6th Annual Logging Symposium TI - Geologic evaluation of a gamma-ray porosity device VL - All Days Y2 - 1/20/2021 ID - 6793 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Harris, R.N., Sakaguchi, A., Petronotis, K., and the Expedition 344 Scientists AU - Harris, R.N., Sakaguchi, A., Petronotis, K., Baxter, A.T., Berg, R., Burkett, A., Charpentier, D., Choi, J., Diz Ferreiro, P., Hamahashi, M., Hashimoto, Y., Heydolph, K., Jovane, L., Kastner, M., Kurz, W., Kutterolf, S.O., Li, Y., Malinverno, A., Martin, K.M., Millan, C., Nascimento, D.B., Saito, S., Sandoval Gutierrez, M.I., Screaton, E.J., Smith-Duque, C.E., Solomon, E.A., Straub, S.M., Tanikawa, W., Torres, M.E., Uchimura, H., Vannucchi, P., Yamamoto, Y., Yan, Q., and Xhao, X. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Oregon State University, College of Earth, Oceanic, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR Affiliation (monographic): Oregon State University, College of Earth, Oceanic, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 344 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N082500 N084500 W0840400 W0841400 illus., incl. 5 tables Contains 78 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project, Program A Stage 2 (CRISP-AS); Expedition 344 of the riserless drilling platform, Balboa, Panama, to Puntarenas, Costa Rica; sites U1380, U1381, and U1412-U1414, 23 October-11 December 2012, Robert N. Harris, Arito Sakaguchi, Katerina Petronotis, Alberto Malinverno, Alan T. Baxter, Richard Berg, Ashley Burkett, Delphine Charpentier, Jiyoung Choi, Paula Diz Ferreiro, Mari Hamahashi, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Ken Heydolph, Luigi Jovane, Miriam Kastner, Walter Kurz, Steffen O. Kutterolf, Li Yongxiang, Kylara M. Martin, Cristina Millan, Debora B. Nascimento, Saneatsu Saito, Maria I. Sandoval Gutierrez, Elizabeth J. Screaton, Christopher E. Smith-Duque, Evan A. Solomon, Susanne M. Straub, Wataru Tanikawa, Marta E. Torres, Hitomi Uchimura, Paola Vannucchi, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Yan Quanshu and Xixi Zhao; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 344 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Online), Vol.344, 57p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2014000649 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.344.102.2013 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Boreholes Central America Cores Costa Rica Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project Downhole methods East Pacific Expedition 334 Expedition 344 Foraminifera Geochemistry IODP Site U1380 IODP Site U1381 IODP Site U1412 IODP Site U1413 IODP Site U1414 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Invertebrata Lithostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Marine geology Marine sediments Methods Microfossils Mineral composition Nannofossils North Pacific Northeast Pacific Osa Peninsula Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrology Physical properties Plantae Plate convergence Plate tectonics Protista Radiolaria Sediments Subduction zones Well-logging X-ray diffraction data 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2013 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Methods T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.344.102.2013 VL - 344 ID - 4918 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One of the biggest challenges in environmental microbiology is to determine the activity of uncultured cells directly in their habitat. We report on the application of bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT), a high-throughput approach to detecting protein synthesis in individual cells by fluorescence staining, on deep-sea methane seep sediments. By combining BONCAT with fluorescence in situ hybridization, we visualized active archaeal−bacterial consortia catalyzing the anaerobic oxidation of methane. We further developed a novel approach that combines BONCAT with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to separate translationally active cells from complex samples. BONCAT-FACS enabled us to directly link the identities of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea with their partner bacteria for individual active consortia, uncovering previously unknown interactions between these archaea and Verrucomicrobia.To understand the biogeochemical roles of microorganisms in the environment, it is important to determine when and under which conditions they are metabolically active. Bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) can reveal active cells by tracking the incorporation of synthetic amino acids into newly synthesized proteins. The phylogenetic identity of translationally active cells can be determined by combining BONCAT with rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (BONCAT-FISH). In theory, BONCAT-labeled cells could be isolated with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (BONCAT-FACS) for subsequent genetic analyses. Here, in the first application, to our knowledge, of BONCAT-FISH and BONCAT-FACS within an environmental context, we probe the translational activity of microbial consortia catalyzing the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), a dominant sink of methane in the ocean. These consortia, which typically are composed of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, have been difficult to study due to their slow in situ growth rates, and fundamental questions remain about their ecology and diversity of interactions occurring between ANME and associated partners. Our activity-correlated analyses of >16,400 microbial aggregates provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that AOM consortia affiliated with all five major ANME clades are concurrently active under controlled conditions. Surprisingly, sorting of individual BONCAT-labeled consortia followed by whole-genome amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed previously unrecognized interactions of ANME with members of the poorly understood phylum Verrucomicrobia. This finding, together with our observation that ANME-associated Verrucomicrobia are found in a variety of geographically distinct methane seep environments, suggests a broader range of symbiotic relationships within AOM consortia than previously thought. AU - Hatzenpichler, Roland AU - Connon, Stephanie A. AU - Goudeau, Danielle AU - Malmstrom, Rex R. AU - Woyke, Tanja AU - Orphan, Victoria J. DO - 10.1073/pnas.1603757113 IS - 28 N1 - https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/113/28/E4069.full.pdf PY - 2016 SP - E4069–E4078 ST - Visualizing in situ translational activity for identifying and sorting slow-growing archaeal−bacterial consortia T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Visualizing in situ translational activity for identifying and sorting slow-growing archaeal−bacterial consortia UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603757113 VL - 113 ID - 6794 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Timmis, K. (Ed.) AB - Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) is a recently developed method for studying microbial in situ activity. This technique is based on the in vivo incorporation of artificial amino acids that carry modifiable chemical tags into newly synthesized proteins. BONCAT has been demonstrated to be effective in labeling the proteomes of a wide range of taxonomically and physiologically distinct archaea and bacteria without resulting in preferential synthesis or degradation of proteins. After chemical fixation of cells, surrogate-containing proteins can be detected by whole-cell fluorescence-staining using azide-alkyne click chemistry. When used in conjunction with rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), BONCAT allows the simultaneous taxonomic identification of a microbial cell and its translational activity. Rather than studying the bulk proteome, BONCAT is able to specifically target proteins that have been expressed in reaction to an experimental condition. BONCAT-FISH thus provides researchers with a selective, sensitive, fast, and inexpensive fluorescence microscopy technique for studying microbial in situ activity on an individual cell level. This protocol provides a detailed description of how to design and perform BONCAT-experiments using two different bioorthogonal amino acids, L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) and L-homopropargylglycine (HPG), which are both surrogates of L-methionine. It illustrates how incorporation of these non-canonical amino acids into new proteins can be detected via copper-catalyzed or strain-promoted azide-alkyne click chemistry, and outlines how the visualization of translational activity can be combined with the taxonomic identification of cells via FISH. Last, the protocol discusses potential problems that might be encountered during BONCAT-studies and how they can be overcome. AU - Hatzenpichler, Roland AU - Orphan, Victoria J. CY - Berlin DO - 10.1007/8623_2015_61 PB - Springer PY - 2015 SP - 145–157 ST - Detection of protein-synthesizing microorganisms in the environment via Bioorthogonal Noncanonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT) T2 - Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols TI - Detection of protein-synthesizing microorganisms in the environment via Bioorthogonal Noncanonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/8623_2015_61 ID - 6795 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary Here we describe the application of a new click chemistry method for fluorescent tracking of protein synthesis in individual microorganisms within environmental samples. This technique, termed bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT), is based on the in vivo incorporation of the non-canonical amino acid L-azidohomoalanine (AHA), a surrogate for l-methionine, followed by fluorescent labelling of AHA-containing cellular proteins by azide-alkyne click chemistry. BONCAT was evaluated with a range of phylogenetically and physiologically diverse archaeal and bacterial pure cultures and enrichments, and used to visualize translationally active cells within complex environmental samples including an oral biofilm, freshwater and anoxic sediment. We also developed combined assays that couple BONCAT with ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), enabling a direct link between taxonomic identity and translational activity. Using a methanotrophic enrichment culture incubated under different conditions, we demonstrate the potential of BONCAT-FISH to study microbial physiology in situ. A direct comparison of anabolic activity using BONCAT and stable isotope labelling by nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (15NH3 assimilation) for individual cells within a sediment-sourced enrichment culture showed concordance between AHA-positive cells and 15N enrichment. BONCAT-FISH offers a fast, inexpensive and straightforward fluorescence microscopy method for studying the in situ activity of environmental microbes on a single-cell level. AU - Hatzenpichler, Roland AU - Scheller, Silvan AU - Tavormina, Patricia L. AU - Babin, Brett M. AU - Tirrell, David A. AU - Orphan, Victoria J. DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12436 IS - 8 N1 - https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.12436 PY - 2014 SN - 1462-2912 SP - 2568–2590 ST - In situ visualization of newly synthesized proteins in environmental microbes using amino acid tagging and click chemistry T2 - Environmental Microbiology TI - In situ visualization of newly synthesized proteins in environmental microbes using amino acid tagging and click chemistry UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12436 VL - 16 ID - 6796 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Riedel, M., Collett, T.S., Malone, M.J., and the Expedition 311 Scientists AB - During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311, the third-generation advanced piston corer temperature (APCT-3) tool, a new downhole tool to determine in situ formation temperatures while piston coring, was successfully tested and deployed for the first time. Its development was partly driven by the need to replace the advanced piston corer temperature tools, which were lost or damaged during many successful deployments over the last 15 y. Additionally, many important scientific problems require instruments having greater stability, accuracy, measurement frequency, and robustness than were available in the past. During all nine deployments during Expedition 311, the APCT-3 tool proved to be robust, reliable, and user-friendly regarding its mechanics, electronics, and operation software. In addition, the test deployments also provided temperature data that were important for achieving expedition objectives. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the APCT-3 tool is capable of measuring temperatures with a resolution and absolute accuracy (depending on careful calibration) of ∼1 mK at a sampling interval of 1 s, an improvement of about one order of magnitude compared to earlier instrumentation. AU - Heesemann, Martin AU - Villinger, Heinrich W. AU - Tréhu, Andrew T. F. M. AU - White, Steffen CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Universität Bremen, Department of Geosciences, Bremen Affiliation (monographic): Universität Bremen, Department of Geosciences, Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 311 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N483700 N484800 W1264000 W1270400 1 table Contains 20 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; Cascadia margin gas hydrates; Expedition 311 of the riserless drilling platform; Balboa, Panama, to Victoria, British Columbia (Canada); Sites U1325-U1329; 28 August-28 October 2005, Michael Reidel, Timothy S. Collett, Mitchell J. Malone, Gilles Guèrin, Fumio Akiba, Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron, Michelle Ellis, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Verena Heuer, Yosuke Higashi, Melanie Holland, Peter D. Jackson, Masanori Kaneko, Miriam Kastner, Ji-Hoon Kim, Hiroko Kitajima, Philip E. Long, Alberto Malinverno, Greg Myers, Leena D. Palekar, John Pohlman, Peter Schultheiss, Barbara Teichert, Marta E. Torres, Anne M. Tréhu, Wang Jiasheng, Ulrich G. Wortmann and Hideyoshi Yoshioka; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Expedition 311 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.311, 19p. Publisher: IODP Management International, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 1930-1014 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2007101795 DOI: 10.2204/iodp.proc.311.108.2006 KW - Accuracy Applications Cascadia subduction zone Cores Design East Pacific Expedition 311 In situ Instruments Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Measurement Measurement-while-drilling North Pacific Northeast Pacific Ocean floors Pacific Ocean Temperature 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc. PY - 2006 SN - 1930-1014 ST - Data report: testing and deployment of the new APCT-3 tool to determine in situ temperatures while piston coring T2 - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program TI - Data report: testing and deployment of the new APCT-3 tool to determine in situ temperatures while piston coring UR - https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.311.108.2006 VL - 311 ID - 3067 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Geologic models locate Baja California next to mainland Mexico during the Oligocene and propose opening of the Gulf of California during Miocene times. Outcrop information in the northern part of the Gulf indicates late Miocene marine sedimentation on a continental platform. However, the earliest marine sediments in the region are present in basins sampled by oil exploratory wells in the area, which drilled as much as 5591 m  of marine sands to silty clays. Stratigraphic and paleontological data in these wells indicate almost continuous marine sedimentation from middle Miocene times, in maximum water depths of approximately 200 m. The presence of the dinoflagellates Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum, Diphyes latiusculum and Spiniferites pseudofurcatus, together with the nannofossil Cyclicargolithus floridanus in samples from some of these wells, indicates marine deposition during middle Miocene times in the Tiburón, Consag and Wagner basins in the northern Gulf of California. Our data indicate that in the middle Miocene, a marine proto-gulf basin was formed in the central part of the proto-gulf, probably related to Basin and Range extension. Published data indicate that during late Miocene times, the proto-gulf extended from southeastern California and southern Arizona, to central Baja California and Isla Tiburón. Finally, by Pliocene times, marine sedimentation within the Gulf reached the modern distribution. AU - Helenes, J. AU - Carreño, A. L. AU - Carrillo, R. M. DA - 2009/06/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.02.003 IS - 1 KW - Gulf of California middle Miocene dinoflagellates calcareous nannofossils N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037783980900022X PY - 2009 SN - 0377-8398 SP - 10–25 ST - Middle to late Miocene chronostratigraphy and development of the northern Gulf of California T2 - Marine Micropaleontology TI - Middle to late Miocene chronostratigraphy and development of the northern Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.02.003 VL - 72 ID - 6701 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Concentrations and isotopic compositions of ethane and propane in cold, deeply buried sediments from the southeastern Pacific are best explained by microbial production of these gases in situ. Reduction of acetate to ethane provides one feasible mechanism. Propane is enriched in 13C relative to ethane. The amount is consistent with derivation of the third C from inorganic carbon dissolved in sedimentary pore waters. At typical sedimentary conditions, the reactions yield free energy sufficient for growth. Relationships with competing processes are governed mainly by the abundance of H2. Production of C2 and C3 hydrocarbons in this way provides a sink for acetate and hydrogen but upsets the general belief that hydrocarbons larger than methane derive only from thermal degradation of fossil organic material. AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe AU - Hayes, John M. AU - Bach, Wolfgang AU - Spivack, Arthur J. AU - Hmelo, Laura R. AU - Holm, Nils G. AU - Johnson, Carl G. AU - Sylva, Sean P. IS - 40 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Bremen, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Research Center Ocean Margins, Bremen Affiliation (monographic): University of Bremen, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Research Center Ocean Margins, Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany Coordinates: S120500 N035000 W0775500 W1103500 illus. Contains 40 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(40), p.14684-14689. Publisher: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 0027-8424 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2010085986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606535103 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Biogenic processes C-13 Carbon D/H Degradation East Pacific Equatorial Pacific Ethane Hydrocarbons Hydrogen Isotope ratios Isotopes Leg 201 Marine sediments Microorganisms ODP Site 1226 ODP Site 1227 ODP Site 1228 ODP Site 1229 ODP Site 1230 ODP Site 1231 Ocean Drilling Program Organic compounds Pacific Ocean Peru-Chile Trench Propane Sediments South Pacific Southeast Pacific Stable isotopes 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2006 SN - 0027-8424 SP - 14684–14689 ST - Biological formation of ethane and propane in the deep marine subsurface T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Biological formation of ethane and propane in the deep marine subsurface UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606535103 VL - 103 ID - 6573 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulfate controls the emission of the greenhouse gas methane from the ocean floor. AOM is performed by microbial consortia of archaea (ANME) associated with partners related to sulfate-reducing bacteria. In vitro enrichments of AOM were so far only successful at temperatures ⩽25 °C; however, energy gain for growth by AOM with sulfate is in principle also possible at higher temperatures. Sequences of 16S rRNA genes and core lipids characteristic for ANME as well as hints of in situ AOM activity were indeed reported for geothermally heated marine environments, yet no direct evidence for thermophilic growth of marine ANME consortia was obtained to date. To study possible thermophilic AOM, we investigated hydrothermally influenced sediment from the Guaymas Basin. In vitro incubations showed activity of sulfate-dependent methane oxidation between 5 and 70 °C with an apparent optimum between 45 and 60 °C. AOM was absent at temperatures ⩾75 °C. Long-term enrichment of AOM was fastest at 50 °C, yielding a 13-fold increase of methane-dependent sulfate reduction within 250 days, equivalent to an apparent doubling time of 68 days. The enrichments were dominated by novel ANME-1 consortia, mostly associated with bacterial partners of the deltaproteobacterial HotSeep-1 cluster, a deeply branching phylogenetic group previously found in a butane-amended 60 °C-enrichment culture of Guaymas sediments. The closest relatives (Desulfurella spp.; Hippea maritima) are moderately thermophilic sulfur reducers. Results indicate that AOM and ANME archaea could be of biogeochemical relevance not only in cold to moderate but also in hot marine habitats. AU - Holler, Thomas AU - Widdel, Friedrich AU - Knittel, Katrin AU - Amann, Rudolf AU - Kellermann, Matthias Y. AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Boetius, Antje AU - Wegener, Gunter DA - 2011/12/01 DO - 10.1038/ismej.2011.77 IS - 12 PY - 2011 SN - 1751-7370 SP - 1946–1956 ST - Thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane by marine microbial consortia T2 - The ISME Journal TI - Thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane by marine microbial consortia UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.77 VL - 5 ID - 6922 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hollis, C. J. AU - Pascher, K. M. AU - Kamikuri, Schin-Ichi AU - Nishimura, Akiko AU - Suzuki, N. AU - Sanfilippo, A. PY - 2017 SP - 288–289 ST - Towards an integrated cross-latitude event stratigraphy for Paleogene radiolarians T2 - Newsletter of the International Association of Radiolarists TI - Towards an integrated cross-latitude event stratigraphy for Paleogene radiolarians VL - 15 ID - 12685 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Heath, G. R., Burckle, L. H., et al. AU - Horai, K. AU - Von Herzen, R. P. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs., Palisades, NY Affiliation (monographic): Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs., Palisades, NY, United States Coordinates: N322121 N322122 E1641633 E1641632; N322628 N322632 E1574324 E1574323; N335533 N335534 E1513745 E1513744; N383736 N383741 E1535017 E1535010; N413728 N413729 E1535835 E1535834 illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map Contains 21 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 86 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger, Honolulu, Hawaii, to Yokohama, Japan, May-June 1982, G. Ross Heath, Lloyd H. Burckle, Anthony E. D'Agostino, Ulrich Bleil, Ki-iti Horai, Robert D. Jacobi, Thomas R. Janecek, Itaru Koizumi, Lawrence A. Krissek, Simonetta Monechi, Nicole Lenôtre, Joseph J. Morley, Peter J. Schultheiss, Audrey A. Wright and Katie L. Turner. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol.86, p.759-777. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1986018136 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.86.135.1985 KW - DSDP Site 576 DSDP Site 577 DSDP Site 578 DSDP Site 579 DSDP Site 580 Deep Sea Drilling Project Geophysical surveys Heat flow IPOD Leg 86 Marine sediments Measurement Pacific Ocean Sediments Surveys Temperature Thermal conductivity Thermal properties Western Pacific Ocean 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1985 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 759–777 ST - Measurement of heat flow on Leg 86 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Measurement of heat flow on Leg 86 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.86.135.1985 VL - 86 ID - 6582 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - D'Hondt, S.L., Jørgensen, B.B., Miller, D.J., et al. AU - House, Christopher H. AU - Cragg, Barry A. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - the Leg 201 Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geosciences, University Park, PA Affiliation (monographic): Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geosciences, University Park, PA, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 201, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX Coordinates: S120500 N035000 W0775500 W1103500 illus., incl. 5 tables Contains 6 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initial reports; controls on microbial communities in deeply buried sediments, eastern Equatorial Pacific and Peru margin; covering Leg 201 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; San Diego, California, to Valparaiso, Chile; sites 1225-1231; 27 January-29 March 2002, Steven L. D'Hondt, Bo B. Jorgensen, D. Jay Miller, Ivano W. Aiello, Barbara Bekins, Ruth Blake, Barry A. Cragg, Heribert Cypionka, Gerald R. Dickens, Timothy Ferdelman, Kathryn H. Ford, Glen L. Gettemy, Gilles Guèrin, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Nils Holm, Christopher H. House, Fumio Inagaki, Patrick Meister, Richard M. Mitterer, Thomas H. Naehr, Sachiko Niitsuma, R. John Parkes, Axel Schippers, C. Gregory Skilbeck, David C. Smith, Arthur J. Spivack, Andreas Teske, Juergen Wiegel and Lorri L. Peters; Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 201, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Part A: Initial Reports, Vol.201, 19p. Publisher: Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5883 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2003053516 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.ir.201.102.2003 KW - Continental margin Cores Drilling East Pacific Equatorial Pacific Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Leg 201 Liquid chromatography Marine sediments Methods Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Particulate materials Peru Sample preparation Sea water Sediments South America Tracers 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2003 SN - 0884-5883 ST - Drilling contamination tests during ODP Leg 201 using chemical and particulate tracers T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Drilling contamination tests during ODP Leg 201 using chemical and particulate tracers UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.201.102.2003 VL - 201 ID - 6559 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hobbs, R.W., Huber, B.T., Bogus, K.A., and the Expedition 369 Scientists AU - Huber, B.T., Hobbs, R.W., Bogus, K.A., Batenburg, S.J., Brumsack, H.-J., do Monte Guerra, R., Edgar, K.M., Edvardsen, T., Garcia Tejada, M.L., Harry, D.L., Hasegawa, T., Haynes, S.J., Jiang, T., Jones, M.M., Kuroda, J., Lee, E.Y., Li, Y.-X., MacLeod, K.G., Maritati, A., Martinez, M., O’Connor, L.K., Petrizzo, M.R., Quan, T.M., Richter, C., Riquier, L., Tagliaro, G.T., Wainman, C.C., Watkins, D.K., White, L.T., Wolfgring, E., and Xu, Z. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC Affiliation (monographic): National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 369 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: S340138 S340138 E1275746 E1275746; S334737 S334737 E1122908 E1122908; S330714 S330714 E1130529 E1130529; S331611 S331611 E1141922 E1141922; S342055 S342055 E1124758 E1124758 illus., incl. 11 tables Contains 80 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; Australia Cretaceous climate and tectonics; Expedition 369 of the R/V JOIDES Resolution, Hobart, Australia, to Fremantle, Australia; Sites U1512-U1516, 26 September-26 November 2017, Richard W. Hobbs, Brian T. Huber, Kara A. Bogus, Sietske J. Batenburg, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Rodrigo do Monte Guerra, Kirsty M. Edgar, Trine Edvardsen, Maria Luisa Garcia Tejada, Dennis L. Harry, Takashi Hasegawa, Shannon J. Haynes, Jiang Tao, Matthew M. Jones, Junichiro Kuroda, Eun Young Lee, Li Yongxiang, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Alessandro Maritati, Mathieu Martinez, Lauren K. O'Connor, Maria Rose Petrizzo, Tracy M. Quan, Carl Richter, Laurent Riquier, Gabriel T. Tagliaro, Carmine C. Wainman, David K. Watkins, Lloyd T. White, Erik Wolfgring and Xu Zhaokai; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 369 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.369, 40p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2019050624 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.369.102.2019 KW - Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Cores Correlation Cretaceous Expedition 369 Foraminifera Great Australian Bight IODP Site U1512 IODP Site U1513 IODP Site U1514 IODP Site U1515 IODP Site U1516 Igneous rocks Indian Ocean International Ocean Discovery Program Lithostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Marine sediments Mentelle Basin Mesozoic Microfossils Nannofossils Physical properties Pleistocene Quaternary Sedimentary rocks Sediments Spectra Tertiary Volcaniclastics Well logs X-ray diffraction data X-ray fluorescence spectra 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2019 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Expedition 369 methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Australia Cretaceous Climate and Tectonics TI - Expedition 369 methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.369.102.2019 VL - 369 ID - 5427 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mucosal biopsy is the most common sampling technique used to assess microbial communities associated with the intestinal mucosa. Biopsies disrupt the epithelium and can be associated with complications such as bleeding. Biopsies sample a limited area of the mucosa, which can lead to potential sampling bias. In contrast to the mucosal biopsy, the mucosal brush technique is less invasive and provides greater mucosal coverage, and if it can provide equivalent microbial community data, it would be preferable to mucosal biopsies. AU - Huse, Susan M. AU - Young, Vincent B. AU - Morrison, Hilary G. AU - Antonopoulos, Dionysios A. AU - Kwon, John AU - Dalal, Sushila AU - Arrieta, Rose AU - Hubert, Nathaniel A. AU - Shen, Lici AU - Vineis, Joseph H. AU - Koval, Jason C. AU - Sogin, Mitchell L. AU - Chang, Eugene B. AU - Raffals, Laura E. DA - 2014/02/14 DO - 10.1186/2049-2618-2-5 IS - 1 PY - 2014 SN - 2049-2618 SP - 5 ST - Comparison of brush and biopsy sampling methods of the ileal pouch for assessment of mucosa-associated microbiota of human subjects T2 - Microbiome TI - Comparison of brush and biopsy sampling methods of the ileal pouch for assessment of mucosa-associated microbiota of human subjects UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-2618-2-5 VL - 2 ID - 6797 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ∼40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ∼1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from <10 to ∼104 cells cm-3. Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed. AU - Inagaki, F. AU - Hinrichs, K. U. AU - Kubo, Y. AU - Bowles, M. W. AU - Heuer, V. B. AU - Hong, W. L. AU - Hoshino, T. AU - Ijiri, A. AU - Imachi, H. AU - Ito, M. AU - Kaneko, M. AU - Lever, M. A. AU - Lin, Y. S. AU - Methé, B. A. AU - Morita, S. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Tanikawa, W. AU - Bihan, M. AU - Bowden, S. A. AU - Elvert, M. AU - Glombitza, C. AU - Gross, D. AU - Harrington, G. J. AU - Hori, T. AU - Li, K. AU - Limmer, D. AU - Liu, C. H. AU - Murayama, M. AU - Ohkouchi, N. AU - Ono, S. AU - Park, Y. S. AU - Phillips, S. C. AU - Prieto-Mollar, X. AU - Purkey, M. AU - Riedinger, N. AU - Sanada, Y. AU - Sauvage, J. AU - Snyder, G. AU - Susilawati, R. AU - Takano, Y. AU - Tasumi, E. AU - Terada, T. AU - Tomaru, H. AU - Trembath-Reichert, E. AU - Wang, D. T. AU - Yamada, Y. IS - 6246 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Nankoku Affiliation (monographic): Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Nankoku, Japan Coordinates: N411036 N411036 E1421202 E1421202 illus. Contains 31 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Science, 349(6246), p.420-424. Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 0036-8075 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2015085141 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882 KW - C-13/C-12 Carbon Coal Cretaceous D/H Depth Expedition 337 Geochemistry Hydrogen IODP Site C0020 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Isotope ratios Isotopes Marine sediments Mesozoic Microorganisms North Pacific Northwest Pacific Ocean floors Pacific Ocean Sedimentary rocks Sediments Stable isotopes Terrigenous materials West Pacific 02 Geochemistry 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PY - 2015 SN - 0036-8075 SP - 420–424 ST - Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ∼2.5 km below the ocean floor T2 - Science TI - Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ∼2.5 km below the ocean floor UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6882 VL - 349 ID - 4613 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large volumes of magma emplaced within sedimentary basins have been linked to multiple climate change events due to release of greenhouse gases such as CH4. Basin-scale estimates of thermogenic methane generation show that this process alone could generate enough greenhouse gases to trigger global incidents. However, the rates at which these gases are transported and released into the atmosphere are quantitatively unknown. We use a 2D, hybrid FEM/FVM model that solves for fully compressible fluid flow to quantify the thermogenic release and transport of methane and to evaluate flow patterns within these systems. Our results show that the methane generation potential in systems with fluid flow does not significantly differ from that estimated in diffusive systems. The values diverge when vigorous convection occurs with a maximum variation of about 50%. The fluid migration pattern around a cooling, impermeable sill alone generates hydrothermal plumes without the need for other processes such as boiling and/or explosive degassing. These fluid pathways are rooted at the edges of the outer sills consistent with seismic imaging. Methane venting at the surface occurs in three distinct stages and can last for hundreds of thousands of years. Our simulations suggest that although the quantity of methane potentially generated within the contact aureole can cause catastrophic climate change, the rate at which this methane is released into the atmosphere is too slow to trigger, by itself, some of the negative δ13C excursions observed in the fossil record over short time scales (<10,000 years). AU - Iyer, Karthik AU - Rüpke, Lars AU - Galerne, Christophe Y. DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005012 IS - 12 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2013GC005012 PY - 2013 SN - 1525-2027 SP - 5244–5262 ST - Modeling fluid flow in sedimentary basins with sill intrusions: implications for hydrothermal venting and climate change T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems TI - Modeling fluid flow in sedimentary basins with sill intrusions: implications for hydrothermal venting and climate change UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005012 VL - 14 ID - 6923 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Vent structures are intimately associated with sill intrusions in sedimentary basins globally and are thought to have been formed contemporaneously due to overpressure generated by gas generation during thermogenic breakdown of kerogen or boiling of water. Methane and other gases generated during this process may have driven catastrophic climate change in the geological past. In this study, we present a 2D FEM/FVM model that accounts for ‘explosive’ vent formation by fracturing of the host rock based on a case study in the Harstad Basin, offshore Norway. Overpressure generated by gas release during kerogen breakdown in the sill thermal aureole causes fracture formation. Fluid focusing and overpressure migration towards the sill tips results in vent formation after only few tens of years. The size of the vent depends on the region of overpressure accessed by the sill tip. Overpressure migration occurs in self-propagating waves before dissipating at the surface. The amount of methane generated in the system depends on TOC content and also on the type of kerogen present in the host rock. Generated methane moves with the fluids and vents at the surface through a single, large vent structure at the main sill tip matching first-order observations. Violent degassing takes place within the first couple of hundred years and occurs in bursts corresponding to the timing of overpressure waves. The amount of methane vented through a single vent is only a fraction (between 5 and 16%) of the methane generated at depth. Upscaling to the Vøring and Møre Basins, which are a part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province, and using realistic host rock carbon content and kerogen values results in a smaller amount of methane vented than previously estimated for the PETM. Our study, therefore, suggests that the negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) observed in the fossil record could not have been caused by intrusions within the Vøring and Møre Basins alone and that a contribution from other regions in the NAIP is also required to drive catastrophic climate change. AU - Iyer, Karthik AU - Schmid, Daniel W. AU - Planke, Sverre AU - Millett, John DA - 2017/06/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.023 KW - sill intrusions in sedimentary basins numerical model hydrothermal vent complex PETM methane generation hydrocarbons N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X17301590 PY - 2017 SN - 0012-821X SP - 30–42 ST - Modelling hydrothermal venting in volcanic sedimentary basins: impact on hydrocarbon maturation and paleoclimate T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Modelling hydrothermal venting in volcanic sedimentary basins: impact on hydrocarbon maturation and paleoclimate UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.023 VL - 467 ID - 6924 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teagle, D.A.H., Wilson, D.S., Acton, G.D., and Vanko, D.A. AB - Bulk density, porosity, and matrix density were measured on 88 basalt core plugs from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1256. Shipboard measurements using the multisensor track were reprocessed and edited to minimize the effects of core segmentation and calibration problems and are presented in this data report. AU - Jarrard, Richard D. AU - Kerneklian, Marcie J. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Salt Lake City, UT Affiliation (monographic): University of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Salt Lake City, UT, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 206, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX Coordinates: N064400 N064400 W0915600 W0915600 illus. Contains 12 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; volume 206; scientific results; an in situ section of the upper oceanic crust formed by superfast seafloor spreading; covering Leg 206 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Balboa, Panama to Balboa, Panama; Site 1256; 6 November 2002-4 January 2003, Damon A. H. Teagle, Douglas S. Wilson, Gary D. Acton, Jeffrey C. Alt, Neil R. Banerjee, Samantha R. Barr, Rosalind Coggon, Kari M. Cooper, Laura Crispini, Florence Einaudi, Shijun Jiang, Ulrich Kalberkamp, Marcie J. Kerneklian, Christine Laverne, Holly J. Nichols, Rachel Sandwell, Paola Tartarotti, Susumu Umino and Christa Ziegler; Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 206, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results (CD ROM), Vol.206, 15p. Publisher: Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 1096-2514 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2007124236 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.sr.206.011.2007 KW - Basalts Boreholes Cores Crust Density East Pacific East Pacific Rise Equatorial Pacific Gamma-ray methods Gamma-ray spectra Guatemala Basin Igneous rocks Leg 206 Magnetic properties Magnetic susceptibility North Pacific Northeast Pacific ODP Site 1256 Ocean Drilling Program Oceanic crust Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Physical properties Porosity Spatial variations Spectra Upper crust Volcanic rocks 05 Petrology, Igneous and Metamorphic LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2007 SN - 1096-2514 ST - Data report: physical properties of the upper oceanic crust of ODP Site 1256: multisensor track and moisture and density measurements T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Data report: physical properties of the upper oceanic crust of ODP Site 1256: multisensor track and moisture and density measurements UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.206.011.2007 VL - 206 ID - 6577 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The theory of multivariate statistical processing of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, measured on a group of specimens, originating from a single geological body (outcrop, locality, etc.), is described. The result of the processing is an estimate of the mean normalized tensor and the estimates of the principal susceptibilities, derived from it, together with the respective intervals of confidence, and the estimates of the principal directions with the respective regions of confidence. An anisotropy test for a group of specimens is proposed. The function of the ANS21 computer program employed is briefly described and an example of its output plot is presented. AU - Jelínek, Vít AU - Kropáček, V. DA - 1978/03/01 DO - 10.1007/BF01613632 IS - 1 PY - 1978 SN - 1573-1626 SP - 50–62 ST - Statistical processing of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measured on groups of specimens T2 - Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica TI - Statistical processing of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measured on groups of specimens UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01613632 VL - 22 ID - 6798 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We have developed a new database named GeoReM (http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de) for reference materials and isotopic standards of geochemical and mineralogical interest. Reference samples include rock powders originating from the USGS, GSJ, GIT-IWG, synthetic and natural reference glasses originating from NIST, USGS, MPI-DING, as well as mineral (e.g., 91500 zircon), isotopic (e.g., La Jolla, E&A, NIST SRM 981), river water and seawater reference materials. GeoReM is a relational database, which strongly follows the concept of the three EARTHCHEM databases. It contains published analytical and compilation values (major and trace element concentrations, radiogenic and stable isotope ratios), important metadata about the analytical values, such as uncertainty, uncertainty type, method and laboratory. Sample information and references are also included. Three different ways of interrogating the database are possible: (1) sample names or material types, (2) chemical criteria and (3) bibliography. Some typical applications are described. GeoReM currently (October 2005) contains more than 750 geological reference materials, 6000 individual sets of results and references to 650 publications. AU - Jochum, Klaus Peter AU - Nohl, Uwe AU - Herwig, Kirstin AU - Lammel, Esin AU - Stoll, Brigitte AU - Hofmann, Albrecht W. DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00904.x IS - 3 N1 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00904.x PY - 2005 SN - 1639-4488 SP - 333–338 ST - GeoReM: a new geochemical database for reference materials and isotopic standards T2 - Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research TI - GeoReM: a new geochemical database for reference materials and isotopic standards UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00904.x VL - 29 ID - 6799 ER - TY - JOUR AU - JOIDES Pollution Prevention and Safety Panel IS - 7 PY - 1992 SP - 24 ST - Ocean Drilling Program guidelines for pollution prevention and safety T2 - JOIDES Journal TI - Ocean Drilling Program guidelines for pollution prevention and safety UR - http://www.odplegacy.org/PDF/Admin/JOIDES_Journal/JJ_1992_V18_No7.pdf VL - 18 ID - 6801 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Schulz, H.D., and Zabel, M. (Eds.) AU - Jørgensen, B.B. CY - Berlin PB - Springer-Verlag PY - 2000 ST - Pathways of organic matter degradation T2 - Marine Geochemistry (2nd edition) TI - Pathways of organic matter degradation ID - 6600 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The currently known upper temperature limit for growth of organisms, shared by a number of archaebacteria, is 110°C. However, among the sulfate-reducing bacteria, growth temperatures of greater than 100°C have not been found. A search for high-temperature activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria was done in hot deep-sea sediments at the hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin tectonic spreading center in the Gulf of California. Radiotracer studies revealed that sulfate reduction can occur at temperatures up to 110°C, with an optimum rate at 103° to 106°C. This observation expands the upper temperature limit of this process in deep-ocean sediments by 20°C and indicates the existence of an unknown group of hyperthermophilic bacteria with a potential importance for the biogeochemistry of sulfur above 100°C. AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker AU - Isaksen, Mai F. AU - Jannasch, Holger W. DO - 10.1126/science.258.5089.1756 IS - 5089 N1 - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/258/5089/1756.full.pdf PY - 1992 SP - 1756–1757 ST - Bacterial sulfate reduction above 100°C in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments T2 - Science TI - Bacterial sulfate reduction above 100°C in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5089.1756 VL - 258 ID - 6925 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Amend, J.P., Edwards, K.J., and Lyons, T.W. (Eds.) AB - The main pathways of sulfide oxidation in marine sediments involve complex interactions of chemical reaction and microbial metabolism. Sulfide becomes partly oxidized and bound by Fe(III), and the resulting iron-sulfur minerals are transported toward the oxic sediment-water interface by bioturbating and irrigating fauna. Although oxygen is the main oxidant for pyrite or amorphous iron sulfide, oxidation reactions may also take place with nitrate or manganese oxide. Intermediate oxidation products such as elemental sulfur or thiosulfate undergo disproportionation reactions and thereby provide shunts in the sedimentary sulfur cycle. Although of widespread occurrence, chemolithoautotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, such as Thiobacillus spp. or Thiomicrospira spp., appear to be of minor significance relative to heterotrophic or mixotrophic sulfide oxidizers of diverse phylogenetic lineages. As a unique group, the large sulfur bacteria of the genera Beggiatoa, Thioploca, and Thiomargarita have developed specialized modes of sulfide oxidation using nitrate stored in intracellular vacuoles. By commuting between electron acceptor and donor, or by temporally bridging their occurrences in the environment through a great storage potential for both nitrate and elemental sulfur, these bacteria compete efficiently with other microbial pathways of sulfide oxidation. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction in these bacteria leads preferentially to ammonium rather than to dinitrogen, as in the denitrifying bacteria. Beggiatoa appears to be widely distributed in coastal sediments with a high organic load. In such sediments where Beggiatoa often occurs unnoticed in the anoxic, oxidized zone rather than growing as a visible mat on the sediment surface, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium may dominate over denitrification. AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker AU - Nelson, Douglas C. AU - Amend, Jan P. AU - Edwards, Katrina J. AU - Lyons, Timothy W. CY - Special Paper - Geological Society of America DO - 10.1130/0-8137-2379-5.63 PY - 2004 SN - 9780813723792 ST - Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: geochemistry meets microbiology T2 - Sulfur Biogeochemistry - Past and Present TI - Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: geochemistry meets microbiology UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2379-5.63 VL - 379 Y2 - 1/8/2021 ID - 6601 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sulfate reduction was studied by radiotracer methods in geothermally heated mud retrieved from an area near black smokers in the southern trough of the Guaymas Basin at 2000 m water depth. Sediment cores were taken by the submersible Alvin from three closely spaced sites. Steep hydrothermal gradients from 2.7°C at the surface up to 126°C at 75 cm depth were measured in the sediments. Extensive conversion of sulfate to H2S, with 4 mM SO42− and 15 mM H2S at 5 cm depth, indicated thermogenic reduction at depth in the upwards percolating hot pore fluid. Pyrite concentrations were high, 200 μmol S cm−3, while FeS was low near detection limit. Bacterial sulfate reduction showed maximum rates of 30–140 nmol SO42− cm−3 d−1. While mesophilic sulfate reduction occurred near the cold (2–3°C) sediment surface, extremely thermophilic activity was observed in deeper, hot layers, the actual depth dependent on the temperature profile of the particular core. In the subsurface sediment at 10–45 cm depth, optimum temperatures for sulfate reduction increased from 63 to 83°C, with corresponding maximum temperatures of 66–90°C. AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker AU - Zawacki, Leon X. AU - Jannasch, Holger W. DA - 1990/04/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90099-H IS - 4 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/019801499090099H PY - 1990 SN - 0198-0149 SP - 695–710 ST - Thermophilic bacterial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site (Gulf of California) T2 - Deep Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers TI - Thermophilic bacterial sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site (Gulf of California) UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90099-H VL - 37 ID - 6926 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Piston cores collected from IODP drilling platforms (and its predecessors) provide the best long-term geological and climatic record of marine sediments worldwide. Coring disturbances affecting the original sediment texture have been recognized since the early days of coring and include deformation resulting from shear of sediment against the core barrel, basal flow-in due to partial stroke, loss of stratigraphy, fall-in, sediment loss through core catchers, and structures formed during core recovery and on-deck transport. The most severe disturbances occur in noncohesive (sandy) facies, which are particularly common in volcanogenic environments and submarine fans. Although all of these types of coring disturbances have been recognized previously, our contribution is novel because it provides an easily accessible summary of methods for their identification. This contribution gives two specific examples on the importance of these coring disturbances. We show how suck-in of sediments during coring artificially created very thick volcaniclastic sand layers in cores offshore Montserrat and Martinique (Lesser Antilles). We then analyze very thick, structureless sand layers from the Escanaba Trough inferred to be a record of the Missoula megafloods. These sand layers tend to coincide with the base of core sections, and their facies suggest coring disturbance by basal flow-in, destroying the original structure and texture of the beds. We conclude by outlining and supporting IODP-led initiatives to further reduce and identify coring disturbances and acknowledge their recent successes in drilling challenging sand-rich settings, such as during IODP Expedition 340. Abstract Copyright (2014), The Authors and Natural Environment Research Council. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Geophysical Union. AU - Jutzeler, Martin AU - White, James D. L. AU - Talling, Peter J. AU - McCanta, Molly AU - Morgan, Sally AU - Le Friant, Anne AU - Ishizuka, Osamu IS - 9 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Otago, Department of Geology, Dunedin Affiliation (monographic): University of Otago, Department of Geology, Dunedin, New Zealand illus., incl. 1 table Contains 42 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling; ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems - G>3`, 15(9), p.3572-3590. Publisher: American Geophysical Union and The Geochemical Society, United States. ISSN: 1525-2027 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom, Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union GeoRef ID: 2016071862 DOI: 10.1002/2014GC005447 KW - Antilles Atlantic Ocean Bering Sea Bowers Ridge Caribbean Sea Caribbean region Cenozoic Cores Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Escanaba Trough Expedition 323 Expedition 340 Floods Geologic hazards IODP Site U1341 IODP Site U1396 IODP Site U1397 IODP Site U1398 IPOD Igneous rocks Instruments Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Leg 126 Leg 169 Leg 96 Lesser Antilles Marine sediments Martinique Missoula Floods Montserrat Island Natural hazards North Atlantic North Pacific Northeast Pacific Northwest Pacific Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Philippine Sea Quaternary Sampling Sediments Techniques United States Volcanic rocks Volcaniclastics Volcanism Washington West Indies West Pacific 24 Surficial Geology, Quaternary Geology LA - English PY - 2014 SN - 1525-2027 SP - 3572–3590 ST - Coring disturbances in IODP piston cores with implications for offshore record of volcanic events and the Missoula megafloods T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems TI - Coring disturbances in IODP piston cores with implications for offshore record of volcanic events and the Missoula megafloods UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005447 VL - 15 ID - 4742 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The separation and detection of extremely small amounts of radiolabeled reduced sulfur species for the determination of very low sulfate reduction rates (SRR) with the 35SO42− radiotracer was improved by optimization of the entire distillation and detection process. By reducing the amount of background radioactivity, the threshold from which turnover of radiotracer can be detected was lowered considerably. Reduction of the background radioactivity was achieved by (1) reducing cross-contamination between distillations by modifying the distillation setup, and (2) preventing an unidentified 35S-containing compound that greatly contributes to the background from reaching the final trap by lowering the distillation temperature. These improvements allow the measurement of low SRR, shorter incubation times, and the use of less radiotracer. Experiments with pure sulfur minerals and a variety of sediments verified that the efficiency of the new method is equal to the hot single-step chromium reduction method, but with a greatly improved reproducibility. AU - Kallmeyer, Jens AU - Ferdelman, Timothy G. AU - Weber, Andreas AU - Fossing, Henrik AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker DO - https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2004.2.171 IS - 6 N1 - https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lom.2004.2.171 PY - 2004 SN - 1541-5856 SP - 171–180 ST - A cold chromium distillation procedure for radiolabeled sulfide applied to sulfate reduction measurements T2 - Limnology and Oceanography: Methods TI - A cold chromium distillation procedure for radiolabeled sulfide applied to sulfate reduction measurements UR - https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2004.2.171 VL - 2 ID - 6802 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The magnetochemistry of sediments from the Oregon continental margin is examined to determine the effects of iron-sulfur diagenesis on the paleomagnetic record. Magnetic mineral dissolution and transformation into iron sulfides are a common feature in these suboxic to anoxic lutites. These processes are evidenced in rapid decreases in natural remanent magnetization intensities and stabilities, systematic changes in other rock magnetic properties, and increases in solid phase sulfur concentrations with depth. Hysteresis measurements are used to evaluate downcore changes in magnetite concentration and grain size. Magnetite abundances decrease downcore from initial values of about 0.1%, and nominal grain diameters lie within a narrow pseudosingle domain range of 0.08 to 0.6 μm. A first-order surface area reaction model, dA/dt = -kA, is proposed to explain the magnetite dissolution mechanism, where A is the total magnetite surface area and k is the rate constant. The solution of this equation predicts that the surface area and concentration decrease exponentially, and the concentration, in addition, depends on grain size. Application of this model in two cores where grain size varies with depth successfully explains the downcore profiles of both concentration and surface area. Despite extensive magnetite destruction, magnetic directions in such sediments appear to reliably record long-wavelength trends of the geomagnetic field. AU - Karlin, Robert DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB04p04405 IS - B4 PY - 1990 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 4405–4419 ST - Magnetite diagenesis in marine sediments from the Oregon continental margin T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth TI - Magnetite diagenesis in marine sediments from the Oregon continental margin UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB04p04405 VL - 95 ID - 6602 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al. AU - Kastner, Miriam CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA Affiliation (monographic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA, United States Coordinates: N270000 N271700 W1112300 W1113300 illus. incl. 10 tables, 1 plate Contains 45 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.1143-1157. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011144 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.154.1982 KW - Albite Calcite Carbonates Chlorite Chlorite group Clay minerals DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diabase Diagenesis Dolomite East Pacific Epidote Epidote group Facies Feldspar group Framework silicates Greenschist facies Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Hydrothermal alteration Hydrothermal conditions IPOD Igneous rocks Intrusions Isotopes Leg 64 Marine geology Metasomatism Mineralogy Minerals Nesosilicates North Pacific Northeast Pacific O-18/O-16 Oceanography Orthosilicates Oxygen Pacific Ocean Plagioclase Plutonic rocks Pore water Processes Pyrite Pyrrhotite Quartz Sedimentary petrology Sediments Sheet silicates Silica minerals Silicates Sills Smectite Sorosilicates Stable isotopes Sulfides Titanite Titanite group X-ray data 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 1143–1157 ST - Evidence for two distinct hydrothermal systems in the Guaymas Basin T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Evidence for two distinct hydrothermal systems in the Guaymas Basin UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.154.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6692 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kastner, M. AU - Gieskes, J. M. IS - 1 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif. Affiliation (monographic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif., United States Coordinates: S700000 S600000 W0730000 W0990000 illus. incl. tables Contains 30 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 33(1), p.11-20. Publisher: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISSN: 0012-821X Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1977030724 KW - Alkaline earth metals Antarctic Ocean Bellingshausen Sea Calcium Cores Deep Sea Drilling Project Deep sea Diagenesis Diffusion Geochemistry Leg 35 Magnesium Metals Pacific Ocean Pore water Sediments Site 322 Site 323 South Pacific Southern Ocean 02 Geochemistry LA - English PY - 1976 SN - 0012-821X SP - 11–20 ST - Interstitial water profiles and sites of diagenetic reactions, Leg 35, DSDP, Bellingshausen abyssal plain T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Interstitial water profiles and sites of diagenetic reactions, Leg 35, DSDP, Bellingshausen abyssal plain UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(76)90152-7 VL - 33 ID - 6562 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kastner, Miriam AU - Siever, Raymond IS - 6 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA Affiliation (monographic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA, United States Coordinates: N270100 N271600 W1103000 W1113500 illus. incl. 1 table Contains 51 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Journal of Geology, 91(6), p.629-641. Publisher: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, United States. ISSN: 0022-1376 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1984009863 KW - Controls DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diagenesis East Pacific Effects Emplacement Framework silicates Geothermal gradient Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Heat flow IPOD Intrusions Leg 64 Marine sediments Metamorphism North Pacific Northeast Pacific Opal Pacific Ocean Phase equilibria Quartz Rates Sea-floor spreading Sediments Silica minerals Silicates Siliceous composition Sills Spreading centers Tectonophysics Thermal alteration Thermal history Thermal metamorphism Thermal regime Transformations 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 1983 SN - 0022-1376 SP - 629–641 ST - Siliceous sediments of the Guaymas Basin: the effect of high thermal gradients on diagenesis T2 - The Journal of Geology TI - Siliceous sediments of the Guaymas Basin: the effect of high thermal gradients on diagenesis UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/628816 VL - 91 ID - 6564 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rock magnetic results from organic-rich sediment around a Tertiary dike in Scotland indicate changes in magnetic mineralogy and magnetite content as well as grain size in the contact zone. Sediment specimens within 85 cm of a 90 cm thick dike contain a Tertiary magnetization that is equivalent in direction to the thermal remanent magnetization in the dike whereas the sediment at greater distances does not carry a stable remanence. Based on acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), thermal decay of triaxial IRMs, and S-ratio determinations, magnetite is the dominant magnetic phase in the sediment except near the dike (<8 cm), where hematite is abundant. Maximum laboratory unblocking temperatures (Tbmax) for the magnetization are higher than predicted by a thermal cooling model at distances greater than 40 cm but the Tbmax values are not corrected for gradual cooling of the dike and are, therefore, overestimates. Trends in rock magnetic parameters such as IRM at 300 mT, and anhysteretic remanence (ARM) are consistent with an increasing contribution of single domain/pseudosingle domain magnetite towards the dike. An increase in saturation IRM (SIRM) along with a decrease in ARM/SIRM values < 25 cm from the dike also suggest an increase in multidomain magnetite. Low temperature experiments indicate the presence of abundant superparamagnetic magnetite. Changes in hysteresis parameters are consistent with changes in the relative amounts of the different magnetite size fractions towards the dike. The onset of changes in the magnetite grain size budget starting at 85 cm or approximately one dike-width suggests that chemical processes contributed to the remanence at temperatures as low as 220°C. Petrographic and geochemical studies suggest that the contact zone was not pervasively altered by hydrothermal fluids. Utilizing the dike as an analog for thermal processes that occur during burial, the results of this study suggest that moderately elevated burial temperatures are sufficient to cause magneto-chemical changes. AU - Katz, B. AU - Elmore, R. D. AU - Engel, M. H. DA - 1998/11/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00189-7 IS - 1 KW - authigenesis remagnetization magnetite dikes PY - 1998 SN - 0012-821X SP - 221–234 ST - Authigenesis of magnetite in organic-rich sediment next to a dike: implications for thermoviscous and chemical remagnetizations T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Authigenesis of magnetite in organic-rich sediment next to a dike: implications for thermoviscous and chemical remagnetizations UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00189-7 VL - 163 ID - 6517 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Guaymas Basin spreading center and hydrothermal system are generating an assortment of petroleum-like bitumens by pyrolysis of organic matter in the overlying uncosolidated sediments. Samples collected by D.S.V.Alvin from hydrothermal fields in the Southern Trough exhibit large variations in the quantities and character of the solvent-soluble organic materials. Various pyrolytic regimes combined with fluctuating thermal gradients and migration velocities may impart a compositional fractionation, possibly by differential gaseous solubilization and hydrodynamic alteration of the multi-component fluids. The data suggest that differential condensation/solidification, biodegradation, and water-washing cause selective removal of components at the seabed. Many hydrothermal oils are unlike normal reservoir petroleums, because they contain significant concentrations of polar material, due to their rapid genesis and transport and probable solubilization or advection of polar, immature components. The biomarker distributions confirm high-temperature pyrolysis at depth with variable entrainment of less thermally-mature bitumens during transport. Data for shallow core samples from the Northern Trough indicate that those locations experienced variable influx (predominantly volatiles) of a low-temperature pyrolysate. AU - Kawka, Orest E. AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. DA - 1987/01/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90042-8 IS - 4 KW - hydrothermal petroleum Guaymas Basin biodegradation polar organic matter biomarkers chemical fractionation solubilization N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0146638087900428 PY - 1987 SN - 0146-6380 SP - 311–328 ST - Survey of hydrothermally-generated petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center T2 - Organic Geochemistry TI - Survey of hydrothermally-generated petroleums from the Guaymas Basin spreading center UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(87)90042-8 VL - 11 ID - 6927 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Geologic relations indicate that silica phases transformed in the Monterey Formation in two zones that persist over a narrow depth/temperature range and do not stratigraphically overlap. The wide and overlapping range of reported temperatures of these transformations is mainly a result of the many uncertainties inherent in the different methods used to estimate temperature and does not indicate that phases transform throughout these ranges. Our approach to a reliable temperature scale for silica diagenesis combines as empirical zonation of silica phases with temperature calibration from a sequence at maximum temperature and depth of burial. AU - Keller, Margaret A. AU - Isaacs, Caroline M. DA - 1985/03/01 DO - 10.1007/BF02629794 IS - 1 PY - 1985 SN - 1432-1157 SP - 31–35 ST - An evaluation of temperature scales for silica diagenesis in diatomaceous sequences including a new approach based on the Miocene Monterey Formation, California T2 - Geo-Marine Letters TI - An evaluation of temperature scales for silica diagenesis in diatomaceous sequences including a new approach based on the Miocene Monterey Formation, California UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02629794 VL - 5 ID - 6603 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al., AU - Kelts, Kerry AU - Curray, Joseph R. AU - Moore, David G. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Eidg. Tech. Hochschule, Geol. Inst., Zurich Affiliation (monographic): Eidg. Tech. Hochschule, Geol. Inst., Zurich, Switzerland Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 4 tables, strat. cols., sketch maps Contains 17 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico, to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 1, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Gerhard Einsele, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(1), p.5-26. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011089 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.101.1982 KW - Algae Clastic rocks Clastic sediments Composition Cores DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 475 DSDP Site 476 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 479 DSDP Site 480 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diatoms East Pacific East Pacific Rise Environment Geochemistry Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Heat flow Hemipelagic sedimentation IPOD Leg 64 Marine environment Marine geology Marine sediments Microfossils Mud Mudstone North Pacific Northeast Pacific Oceanography Pacific Ocean Planar bedding structures Plantae Sea-floor spreading Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary structures Sedimentation Sediments Tectonophysics Turbidite Varves 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 5–26 ST - Introduction and explanatory notes T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Introduction and explanatory notes UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.101.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6670 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The introduction of chemically unique groups into proteins by means of non-natural amino acids has numerous applications in protein engineering and functional studies. One method to achieve this involves the utilization of a non-natural amino acid by the cell's native translational apparatus. Here we demonstrate that a methionine surrogate, azidohomoalanine, is activated by the methionyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli and replaces methionine in proteins expressed in methionine-depleted bacterial cultures. We further show that proteins containing azidohomoalanine can be selectively modified in the presence of other cellular proteins by means of Staudinger ligation with triarylphosphine reagents. Incorporation of azide-functionalized amino acids into proteins in vivo provides opportunities for protein modification under native conditions and selective labeling of proteins in the intracellular environment. MetRS,methionyl-tRNA synthetase;mDHFR,murine dihydrofolate reductase;DMF,N,N-dimethylformamide;MALDI,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization;TBST,Tris-buffered saline;HRP,horseradish peroxidase AU - Kiick, Kristi L. AU - Saxon, Eliana AU - Tirrell, David A. AU - Bertozzi, Carolyn R. DO - 10.1073/pnas.012583299 IS - 1 N1 - https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/99/1/19.full.pdf PY - 2002 SP - 19–24 ST - Incorporation of azides into recombinant proteins for chemoselective modification by the Staudinger ligation T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Incorporation of azides into recombinant proteins for chemoselective modification by the Staudinger ligation UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.012583299 VL - 99 ID - 6803 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Marine silicate weathering (MSiW) in anoxic sediments has been recently shown to be a significant sink for CO2 generated by methanogenesis. Independently, the roles of clay dehydration (illitization) in producing water and driving upward fluid advection have been well established in deep marine sediments, but to date the K+ source required for the reaction has not been established. Here we present chemical and strontium isotope properties of pore fluids from seven cores in the Ulleung Basin, which show radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values (up to ∼0.71045), very high alkalinity values (maximum ∼130 mM), and enrichment in H4SiO4, Na+, K+, and Mg2+, consistent with MSiW. This reaction consumes CO2, generates alkalinity, and acts as a K+ source for illitization; water released from MSiW-supported illitization drives upward fluid flow. Our results highlight the importance of MSiW along continental margins and its underappreciated role in carbon cycling, silicate diagenesis, and hydrogeology of marine systems. AU - Kim, Ji-Hoon AU - Torres, Marta E. AU - Haley, Brian A. AU - Ryu, Jong-Sik AU - Park, Myong-Ho AU - Hong, Wei-Li AU - Choi, Jiyoung DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006356 IS - 8 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2016GC006356 PY - 2016 SN - 1525-2027 SP - 3437–3453 ST - Marine silicate weathering in the anoxic sediment of the Ulleung Basin: evidence and consequences T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems TI - Marine silicate weathering in the anoxic sediment of the Ulleung Basin: evidence and consequences UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006356 VL - 17 ID - 6720 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The classic, multivariate technique of principal component analysis can be used to find and estimate the directions of lines and planes of best least-squares fit along the demagnetization path of a palaeomagnetic specimen, thereby replacing vector subtraction, remagnetization circles and difference vector paths with one procedure. Eigenvalues from the analysis are the variance of the data along each principal axis, and provide a relative measure of collinearity or coplanarity which may be used to define a general palaeomagnetic precision index. Demagnetization planes found with principal component analysis may be used in place of difference vector paths for locating Hoffman—Day directions, avoiding unnecessary vector subtraction and intensity truncation steps. Two methods are discussed for jointly estimating an average remanence direction from demagnetization lines and planes. AU - Kirschvink, J. L. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02601.x IS - 3 PY - 1980 SN - 0956-540X SP - 699–718 ST - The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of palaeomagnetic data T2 - Geophysical Journal International TI - The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of palaeomagnetic data UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02601.x VL - 62 Y2 - 1/5/2021 ID - 6518 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There has been an increasing interest in organisms thriving at marine gas seeps, in particular microbes that utilize methane. Surprisingly, there seems to have been comparatively little work done on the fate of the other abundant hydrocarbons in natural gases — ethane, propane and butane. Now sediments collected from hydrocarbon seep areas in the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California have yielded microbial cultures that utilize propane and butane under anoxic conditions similar to those prevailing in gas reservoirs. These biochemically unusual bacteria may be responsible for the observed alteration of gases in seeps and other gas reservoirs. AU - Kniemeyer, Olaf AU - Musat, Florin AU - Sievert, Stefan M. AU - Knittel, Katrin AU - Wilkes, Heinz AU - Blumenberg, Martin AU - Michaelis, Walter AU - Classen, Arno AU - Bolm, Carsten AU - Joye, Samantha B. AU - Widdel, Friedrich DA - 2007/10/01 DO - 10.1038/nature06200 IS - 7164 PY - 2007 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 898–901 ST - Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons by marine sulphate-reducing bacteria T2 - Nature TI - Anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons by marine sulphate-reducing bacteria UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06200 VL - 449 ID - 6928 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methane is the most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere, and it is an important greenhouse gas, which has so far contributed an estimated 20% of postindustrial global warming. A great deal of biogeochemical research has focused on the causes and effects of the variation in global fluxes of methane throughout earth's history, but the underlying microbial processes and their key agents remain poorly understood. This is a disturbing knowledge gap because 85% of the annual global methane production and about 60% of its consumption are based on microbial processes. Only three key functional groups of microorganisms of limited diversity regulate the fluxes of methane on earth, namely the aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, the methanogenic archaea, and their close relatives, the anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME). The ANME represent special lines of descent within the Euryarchaeota and appear to gain energy exclusively from the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), with sulfate as the final electron acceptor according to the net reaction: CH(4) + SO(42-) ---> HCO(3-) + HS(-) + H(2)O. This review summarizes what is known and unknown about AOM on earth and its key catalysts, the ANME clades and their bacterial partners. FAU - Knittel, Katrin AD - Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen 28359, Germany. kknittel@mpi-bremen.de FAU - Boetius, Antje AU - Knittel, K. AU - Boetius, A. DP - 2009 LA - eng PY - 2009 RN - 0 (Sulfates) OP0UW79H66 (Methane) SP - 311–334 ST - Anaerobic oxidation of methane: progress with an unknown process T2 - Annual Review of Microbiology TA - Annu Rev, Microbiol TI - Anaerobic oxidation of methane: progress with an unknown process UR - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093130 VL - 63 ID - 6605 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is mediated by consortia of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and their specific partner bacteria. In thermophilic AOM consortia enriched from Guaymas Basin, members of the ANME-1 clade are associated with bacteria of the HotSeep-1 cluster, which likely perform direct electron exchange via nanowires. The partner bacterium was enriched with hydrogen as sole electron donor and sulfate as electron acceptor. Based on phylogenetic, genomic and metabolic characteristics we propose to name this chemolithoautotrophic sulfate reducer Candidatus Desulfofervidus auxilii. Ca. D. auxilii grows on hydrogen at temperatures between 50°C and 70°C with an activity optimum at 60°C and doubling time of 4-6 days. Its genome draft encodes for canonical sulfate reduction, periplasmic and soluble hydrogenases and autotrophic carbon fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. The presence of genes for pili formation and cytochromes, and their similarity to genes of Geobacter spp., indicate a potential for syntrophic growth via direct interspecies electron transfer when the organism grows in consortia with ANME. This first ANME-free enrichment of an AOM partner bacterium and its characterization opens the perspective for a deeper understanding of syntrophy in anaerobic methane oxidation. AD - Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. vkrukenb@mpi-bremen.de. FAU - Harding, Katie Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Richter, Michael Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Glöckner, Frank Oliver Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Adam, Birgit Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Berg, Jasmine S Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Knittel, Katrin Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Tegetmeyer, Halina E Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany. Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. FAU - Boetius, Antje MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany. FAU - Wegener, Gunter MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany. AU - Krukenberg, V. AU - Harding, K. AU - Richter, M. AU - Glöckner, F. O. AU - Gruber-Vodicka, H. R. AU - Adam, B. AU - Berg, J. S. AU - Knittel, K. AU - Tegetmeyer, H. E. AU - Boetius, A. AU - Wegener, G. DP - 2016 Sep IS - 9 LA - eng PY - 2016 RN - 0 (Sulfates) OP0UW79H66 (Methane) SP - 3073–3091 ST - Candidatus Desulfofervidus auxilii, a hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing bacterium involved in the thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane T2 - Environmental Microbiology TA - Environ, Microbiol TI - Candidatus Desulfofervidus auxilii, a hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing bacterium involved in the thermophilic anaerobic oxidation of methane UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13283 VL - 18 ID - 6929 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kuley, C. J. DA - 1963/09/01 DO - 10.1021/ac60203a015 IS - 10 PY - 1963 SN - 0003-2700 SP - 1472–1475 ST - Gas chromatographic analysis of C1 to C4 hydrocarbons in the parts per million range in air and in vaporized liquid oxygen T2 - Analytical Chemistry TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of C1 to C4 hydrocarbons in the parts per million range in air and in vaporized liquid oxygen UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60203a015 VL - 35 ID - 6805 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A novel group of hyperthermophilic rod-shaped motile methanogens was isolated from a hydrothermally heated deep sea sediment (Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California) and from a shallow marine hydrothermal system (Kolbeinsey ridge, Iceland). The grew between 84 and 110°C (opt: 98°C) and from 0.2% to 4% NaCl (opt. 2%) and pH 5.5 to 7 (opt: 6.5). The isolates were obligate chemolithoautotrophes using H2/CO2 as energy and carbon sources. In the presence of sulfur, H2S was formed and cells tended to lyse. The cell wall consisted of a new type of pseudomurein containing ornithin in addition to lysine and no N-acetylglucosamine. The pseudomurein layer was covered by a detergent-sensitive protein surface layer. The core lipid consisted exclusively of phytanyl diether. The GC content of the DNA was 60 mol%. By 16S rRNA comparisons the new organisms were not related to any of the three methanogenic lineages. Based on the physiological and molecular properties of the new isolates, we describe here a new genus, which we name Methanopyrus (the “methane fire”). The type species is Methanopyrus kandleri (type strain: AV19; DSM 6324). AU - Kurr, Margit AU - Huber, Robert AU - König, Helmut AU - Jannasch, Holger W. AU - Fricke, Hans AU - Trincone, Antonio AU - Kristjansson, Jakob K. AU - Stetter, Karl O. DA - 1991/09/01 DO - 10.1007/BF00262992 IS - 4 PY - 1991 SN - 1432-072X SP - 239–247 ST - Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens, growing at 110°C T2 - Archives of Microbiology TI - Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens, growing at 110°C UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00262992 VL - 156 ID - 6930 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kvenvolden, Keith A. AU - McDonald, Thomas J. J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA Contains 16 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Technical Note - Ocean Drilling Program, Vol.6, 147p. Publisher: Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1991052160 KW - Analysis Carbon Cores Data handling Data processing Gas chromatography Gases Geochemistry Headspace analysis Instruments Monitoring Ocean Drilling Program Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Pollution Review Rock-Eval Sampling Sediments 02 Geochemistry LA - English N1 - This publication has been superseded by ODP Technical Note 30: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/tnotes/tn30/INDEX.HTM PY - 1986 ST - Organic geochemistry on the JOIDES Resolution—an assay T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Organic geochemistry on the JOIDES Resolution—an assay UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.6.1986 VL - 6 ID - 6584 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Schubert, G. (Ed.) AB - Geomagnetic excursions were generally treated with skepticism as recently as 20 years ago; however, as the global distribution of excursion records and quality of their age control have improved, excursions are being integrated into the polarity timescale, at least for the last few million years. The best-documented excursions comprise paired polarity reversals during paleointensity minima, defining polarity intervals of a few thousand years duration. The brevity of polarity excursions means that they are seldom recorded in sediments with sedimentation rates less than 5cmky−1 or in sediments with nonideal magnetic properties. We review excursions identified in the Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons and the brief subchrons or excursions identified in the pre-Pliocene time and give a detailed description of the five most studied Brunhes-age excursions (Mono Lake, Laschamp, Blake, Iceland Basin, and Pringle Falls). The suggestion that a dipole component dominates the excursional fields during the Laschamp and Iceland Basin excursions (which are recorded at globally distributed sites) is reexamined and discussed. The short duration inferred for excursions, comparable with the diffusion time of the inner core, provides support to Gubbins' suggestion of a mechanistic difference between the excursion process and field reversals that bound long-lived polarity chrons and subchrons. AN - pub.1048806704 AU - Laj, C. AU - Channell, J. E. T. CY - Amsterdam DO - 10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00104-4 N1 - https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1048806704 PB - Elsevier PY - 2015 SP - 343–383 ST - Geomagnetic excursions T2 - Treatise on Geophysics (Second edition) TI - Geomagnetic excursions UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00104-4 Y2 - 2021/01/20 ID - 6806 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many anaerobic microorganisms are difficult to isolate because they grow slowly and rely on interactions with other microorganisms. This protocol describes an approach for the successive enrichment of syntrophic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. AU - Laso-Pérez, Rafael AU - Krukenberg, Viola AU - Musat, Florin AU - Wegener, Gunter DA - 2018/06/01 DO - 10.1038/nprot.2018.030 IS - 6 PY - 2018 SN - 1750-2799 SP - 1310–1330 ST - Establishing anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading enrichment cultures of microorganisms under strictly anoxic conditions T2 - Nature Protocols TI - Establishing anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading enrichment cultures of microorganisms under strictly anoxic conditions UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2018.030 VL - 13 ID - 6808 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The anaerobic formation and oxidation of methane involve unique enzymatic mechanisms and cofactors, all of which are believed to be specific for C1-compounds. Here we show that an anaerobic thermophilic enrichment culture composed of dense consortia of archaea and bacteria apparently uses partly similar pathways to oxidize the C4 hydrocarbon butane. The archaea, proposed genus ‘Candidatus Syntrophoarchaeum’, show the characteristic autofluorescence of methanogens, and contain highly expressed genes encoding enzymes similar to methyl-coenzyme M reductase. We detect butyl-coenzyme M, indicating archaeal butane activation analogous to the first step in anaerobic methane oxidation. In addition, Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum expresses the genes encoding β-oxidation enzymes, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and reversible C1 methanogenesis enzymes. This allows for the complete oxidation of butane. Reducing equivalents are seemingly channelled to HotSeep-1, a thermophilic sulfate-reducing partner bacterium known from the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Genes encoding 16S rRNA and methyl-coenzyme M reductase similar to those identifying Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum were repeatedly retrieved from marine subsurface sediments, suggesting that the presented activation mechanism is naturally widespread in the anaerobic oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons. AU - Laso-Pérez, Rafael AU - Wegener, Gunter AU - Knittel, Katrin AU - Widdel, Friedrich AU - Harding, Katie J. AU - Krukenberg, Viola AU - Meier, Dimitri V. AU - Richter, Michael AU - Tegetmeyer, Halina E. AU - Riedel, Dietmar AU - Richnow, Hans-Hermann AU - Adrian, Lorenz AU - Reemtsma, Thorsten AU - Lechtenfeld, Oliver J. AU - Musat, Florin DA - 2016/11/01 DO - 10.1038/nature20152 IS - 7629 PY - 2016 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 396–401 ST - Thermophilic archaea activate butane via alkyl-coenzyme M formation T2 - Nature TI - Thermophilic archaea activate butane via alkyl-coenzyme M formation UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20152 VL - 539 ID - 6931 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One hundred and five new heat flow measurements in the Gulf of California support the premise that conductive heat loss is not the only mode by which heat is lost from a sea floor spreading center, even in an area with thick sediment cover. Theoretical estimates suggest that the average heat flow in the Guaymas and Farallon basins should be at least 11 μcal/cm2 s (HFU) (325 mW/m2). Outside a 30-km-wide zone centered on the central troughs, the heat flow values measured are reasonably uniform but average only 4.3±0.2 HFU (180±10 mW/m2). Although the high sedimentation rate may depress the measured heat flow, the effect probably does not exceed 15%. Some heat, particularly in the smaller basins, may be lost to the adjacent cooler continental blocks. The discrepancy between the measured and predicted heat losses, which is at least 30%, may be due to the discharge of thermal waters, through the thinner sediment cover in the central troughs or along active faults. AU - Lawver, Lawrence A. AU - Williams, David L. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB07p03465 IS - B7 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JB084iB07p03465 PY - 1979 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 3465–3478 ST - Heat flow in the central Gulf of California T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth TI - Heat flow in the central Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB07p03465 VL - 84 ID - 11090 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This contribution summarizes and brings up to date the recommendations made by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks for the classification of volcanic rocks when modal analyses are lacking. The classification is on a non-genetic basis using the total alkali-silica (TAS) diagram, and is as nearly consistent as possible with the QAPF modal classification. The diagram is divided into 15 fields, two of which contain two root names which are separated according to other chemical criteria, giving the following 17 root names: basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyolite, trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, trachyte, trachydacite, picrobasalt, basanite, tephrite, phonotephrite, tephriphonolite, phonolite and foidite. Using Na-K criteria, trachybasalt may be further divided into the sub-root names hawaiite and potassic trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite into the sub-root names mugearite and shoshonite, and trachyandesite into the sub-root names benmoreite and latite. AU - Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R. W., Streickeisen, A., Zanettin, B., the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks DO - 10.1093/petrology/27.3.745 IS - 3 PY - 1986 SN - 0022-3530 SP - 745–750 ST - A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram T2 - Journal of Petrology TI - A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/27.3.745 VL - 27 Y2 - 1/5/2021 ID - 6519 ER - TY - BOOK A3 - Le Maitre, R. W. A2 - Streckeisen, A. A2 - Zanettin, B. A2 - Le Bas, M. J. A2 - Bonin, B. A2 - Bateman, P. AB - Decades of field and microscope studies, and more recent quantitative geochemical analyses have resulted in a vast, and sometimes overwhelming, array of nomenclature and terminology associated with igneous rocks. This book presents a complete classification of igneous rocks based on all the recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. The glossary of igneous terms has been fully updated since the first edition and now includes 1637 entries, of which 316 are recommended by the Subcommission. Incorporating a comprehensive bibliography of source references for all the terms included in the glossary, this book is an indispensable reference guide for all geologists studying igneous rocks, either in the field or the laboratory. It presents a standardised and widely accepted naming scheme that will allow geologists to interpret terminology in the primary literature and provide formal names for rock samples based on petrographic analyses. It is also supported by a website with downloadable code for chemical classifications. AU - Le Maitre, R.W., Steckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M.J., Bonin, B., and Bateman, P. (Eds.) CY - Cambridge, UK DB - Cambridge Core DO - DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511535581 DP - Cambridge University Press N1 - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/igneous-rocks-a-classification-and-glossary-of-terms/7F458E82BF81BF6A011CEA0D41DE9311 PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2005 SN - 9780521619486 ST - Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms (Second edition) TI - Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms (Second edition) UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535581 ID - 6810 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A major challenge in microbial ecology is linking diversity and function to determine which microbes are actively contributing to processes occurring in situ. Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) is a promising technique for detecting and quantifying translationally active bacteria in the environment. This technique consists of incubating a bacterial sample with an analog of methionine and using click-chemistry to identify the cells that have incorporated the substrate. Here, we established an optimized protocol for the visualization of protein-synthesizing cells in oligotrophic waters that can be coupled with taxonomic identification using Catalyzed Reporter Deposition Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization. We also evaluated the use of this technique to track shifts in translational activity by comparing it with leucine incorporation, and used it to monitor temporal changes in both cultures and natural samples. Finally, we determined the optimal concentration and incubation time for substrate incorporation during BONCAT incubations at an oligotrophic site. Our results demonstrate that BONCAT is a fast and powerful semi-quantitative approach to explore the physiological status of marine bacteria. AD - Dr Marta Sebastián,Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC),Spain,marta.sebastian@ulpgc.es AU - Leizeaga, Ainara AU - Estrany, Margarita AU - Forn, Irene AU - Sebastián, Marta DA - 2017-December-01 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02360 KW - BONCAT,marine bacteria,Click Chemistry,marine ecology,single-cell microbiology LA - English M3 - Original Research N1 - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02360 PY - 2017 SN - 1664-302X SP - 2360 ST - Visualizing single-cell activity of marine bacteria T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Using click-chemistry for visualizing in situ changes of translational activity in planktonic marine bacteria UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02360 VL - 8 ID - 6809 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The rock magnetic properties of marine sediments from the California continental borderland (San Pedro, Santa Catalina, and San Nicolas basins) have been studied in order to quantitatively assess the effects of sediment diagenesis on magnetic minerals. Previous studies have noted that the natural remanent magnetization in these sediments, primarily carried by detrital magnetite, decays to 10% or less of its surface value soon after deposition. This decrease is caused by magnetite dissolution related to sediment diagenesis and is unrelated to paleoclimatic variations or changes in the regional influx of detrital magnetic material. Detailed rock magnetic measurements show that shifts to softer remanent coercivity and differences in the rate and degree of magnetic intensity loss with depth can be related to the dissolution process. The shift to softer remanent coercivity is related to a coarsening of the magnetic mineral grain sizes with depth due to preferential dissolution of the finest-grained magnetic material. The intensity decreases, which are linearly proportional to magnetite concentration decreases, indicate that dissolution occurs with rate constants ranging from 0.3 to 1.6 kyr−1. The rate constants, sulfide concentrations, and magnetite grain size estimates from the borderland are consistant with previous studies of magnetite dissolution. Our results demonstrate the importance of both sulfide and magnetite surface area in the dissolution process. Anomalous peaks in viscous remanence within the sediments suggest the authigenic growth of greigite and its subsequent transformation to pyrite. AU - Leslie, Bret W. AU - Lund, Steve P. AU - Hammond, Douglas E. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB04p04437 IS - B4 PY - 1990 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 4437–4452 ST - Rock magnetic evidence for the dissolution and authigenic growth of magnetic minerals within anoxic marine sediments of the California continental borderland T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth TI - Rock magnetic evidence for the dissolution and authigenic growth of magnetic minerals within anoxic marine sediments of the California continental borderland UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB04p04437 VL - 95 ID - 6606 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Syngenetic iron sulfides in sediments are formed from dissolved sulfide resulting from sulfate reduction and catabolism of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria. It has been shown that in recent marine sediments deposited below oxygenated waters there is a constant relationship between reduced sulfur and organic carbon which is generally independent of the environment of deposition. Reexamination of data from recent sediments from euxinic marine environments (e.g., the Black Sea) also shows a linear relationship between carbon and sulfur, but the slope is variable and the line intercepts the S axis at a value between 1 and 2 percent S. It is proposed that the positive S intercept is due to watercolumn microbial reduction of sulfate using metabolizable small organic molecules and the sulfide formed is precipitated and accumulates at the sediment-water interface. The variation in slope and intercept of the C to S plots for several cores and for different stratigraphic zones for the Black Sea can be interpreted in relation to thickness of the aqueous sulfide layer or thinness of the oxygen containing layer and to deposition rate, but also may be influenced by availability of iron, and perhaps the type of organic matter (Leventhal, 1979). AU - Leventhal, J. S. DA - 1983/01/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90097-2 IS - 1 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016703783900972 PY - 1983 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 133–137 ST - An interpretation of carbon and sulfur relationships in Black Sea sediments as indicators of environments of deposition T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - An interpretation of carbon and sulfur relationships in Black Sea sediments as indicators of environments of deposition UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90097-2 VL - 47 ID - 6811 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The zonation of anaerobic methane-cycling Archaea in hydrothermal sediment of Guaymas Basin was studied by general primer pairs (mcrI, ME1/ME2, mcrIRD) targeting the alpha subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase gene (mcrA) and by new group-specific mcrA and 16S rRNA gene primer pairs. The mcrIRD primer pair outperformed the other general mcrA primer pairs in detection sensitivity and phylogenetic coverage. Methanotrophic ANME-1 Archaea were the only group detected with group-specific primers only. The detection of 14 mcrA lineages surpasses the diversity previously found in this location. Most phylotypes have high sequence similarities to hydrogenotrophs, methylotrophs, and anaerobic methanotrophs previously detected at Guaymas Basin or at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and oil reservoirs worldwide. Additionally, five mcrA phylotypes belonging to newly defined lineages are detected. Two of these belong to deeply branching new orders, while the others are new species or genera of Methanopyraceae and Methermicoccaceae. Downcore diversity decreases from all groups detected in the upper 6 cm (∼2 to 40°C, sulfate measurable to 4 cm) to only two groups below 6 cm (>40°C). Despite the presence of hyperthermophilic genera (Methanopyrus, Methanocaldococcus) in cooler surface strata, no genes were detected below 10 cm (≥60°C). While mcrA-based and 16S rRNA gene-based community compositions are generally congruent, the deeply branching mcrA cannot be assigned to specific 16S rRNA gene lineages. Our study indicates that even among well-studied metabolic groups and in previously characterized model environments, major evolutionary branches are overlooked. Detecting these groups by improved molecular biological methods is a crucial first step toward understanding their roles in nature. AU - Lever, Mark A. AU - Teske, Andreas P. DO - 10.1128/aem.03588-14 IS - 4 N1 - https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/81/4/1426.full.pdf PY - 2015 SP - 1426–1441 ST - Diversity of methane-cycling archaea in hydrothermal sediment investigated by general and group-specific PCR primers T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology TI - Diversity of methane-cycling archaea in hydrothermal sediment investigated by general and group-specific PCR primers UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03588-14 VL - 81 ID - 6812 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A unique inclination record of geomagnetic secular variation for the past 60, 000 years (60 ka) has been obtained from continuously deposited sediments in the Gulf of California, recovered during Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 64 by hydraulic piston coring at Site 480. The chronology of Hole 480 was determined by δ18O stratigraphy and varve counts, indicating sedimentation rates approaching 1 m/ka. The paleomagnetic results of the upper 49 m show: (1) The average inclination over this interval is identical to the geocentric axial dipole value at the sampling site. (2) Excursion directions occur between about 53 and 22 ka before present (BP). During this time, the geomagnetic field was generally “noisier” than in the overlying and underlying sections, with greater dispersion of the inclination. (3) The Laschamp excursion was apparently recorded at Hole 480 between about 51 and 49 ka BP and the Mono Lake excursion between about 29 and 26 ka BP. In addition, a narrow 0.3–0.4 m zone near 23 ka BP has a very similar paleomagnetic signature as the excursion observed at Summer Lake, Oregon [1], and we suggest that the Summer Lake is distinct from and younger than the Mono Lake excursion by 3–5 ka and of considerably shorter duration, lasting no more than a few hundred years. (4) Recurring inclination fluctuations were identified at Site 480, characterized by end points with steep inclinations and shallow intermediate value(s), as compared with the geocentric axial dipole. The inclination cycles are particularly apparent from 54 to 24 ka BP with a characteristic period of about 4.4 ka. (5) The “noisier” inclination record between 54 and 24 ka BP might be related to the generally reduced dipole moment between about 20 and 50 ka, and particularly low paleointensities for the Laschamp and Mono Lake excursions. AU - Levi, Shaul AU - Karlin, Robert DA - 1989/03/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90048-4 IS - 2 PY - 1989 SN - 0012-821X SP - 219–233 ST - A sixty thousand year paleomagnetic record from Gulf of California sediments: secular variation, late Quaternary excursions and geomagnetic implications T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - A sixty thousand year paleomagnetic record from Gulf of California sediments: secular variation, late Quaternary excursions and geomagnetic implications UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(89)90048-4 VL - 92 ID - 6521 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists AU - Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Tongji University, Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai Affiliation (monographic): Tongji University, Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai, China Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 349 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N125500 N183400 E1170100 E1145500 illus., incl. 6 tables Contains 45 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; South China Sea tectonics; Expedition 349 of the riserless drilling platform, Hong Kong, China, to Keelung, Taiwan; Sites U1431-U1435, 26 January-30 March 2014, Li Chunfeng, Jian Lin, Denise K. Kulhanek, Trevor Williams, Rui Bao, Anne Briais, Elizabeth A. Brown, Chen Yifeng, Peter D. Clift, Frederick S. Colwell, Kelsie A. Dadd, Ding Weiwei, Iván Hernández Almeida, Huang Xiaolong, Sangmin Hyun, Jiang Tao, Anthony A. P. Koppers, Li Qianyu, Liu Chuanlian, Liu Qingsong, Liu Zhifei, Renata H. Nagai, Alyssa Peleo-Alampay, Su Xin, Sun Zhen, Maria Luisa, Hai Son Trinh, Yi-Ching Yeh, Zhang Chuanlun, Zhang Fan, Zhang Guoliang and Xixi Zhao; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 349 Scientists, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Vol.349, 56p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2015041866 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.349.102.2015 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Cores Expedition 349 Foraminifera Geomicrobiology IODP Site U1431 IODP Site U1432 IODP Site U1433 IODP Site U1434 IODP Site U1435 Igneous rocks International Ocean Discovery Program Invertebrata Lava Lithostratigraphy Magnetic properties Magnetic susceptibility Magnetostratigraphy Marine geology Marine sediments Microfossils Nannofossils North Pacific Northwest Pacific Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrology Physical properties Plantae Protista Quaternary Radiolaria Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary structures Sediments South China Sea Structural analysis Tertiary Volcanic rocks Well logs West Pacific X-ray diffraction data 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2015 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - South China Sea Tectonics TI - Methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.102.2015 VL - 349 ID - 5080 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lin, Yu-Shih AU - Biddle, Jennifer F. AU - Lipp, Julius S. AU - Orcutt, Beth N. AU - Holler, Thomas AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe DA - 2010/04/23 DO - 10.1080/01490450903410423 IS - 3 PY - 2010 SN - 0149-0451 SP - 261–272 ST - Effect of storage conditions on archaeal and bacterial communities in subsurface marine sediments T2 - Geomicrobiology Journal TI - Effect of storage conditions on archaeal and bacterial communities in subsurface marine sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450903410423 VL - 27 ID - 6522 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a central metabolite that couples organic matter degradation and terminal electron-accepting processes. H2 levels in natural environments are often regulated by microbial syntrophy; therefore, pore-water H2 concentration is a useful parameter for studying biogeochemical processes in sediments. However, little is known about H2 concentrations in marine subsurface sediments. Previous studies applying either a headspace equilibration technique or an extraction method for the analysis of pore-water H2 in deeply buried sediments have generated results that sometimes contradict the principles established based on studies of microbial culture and surface sediments. In this study, we first evaluated and optimized an extraction method, which was then applied in combination with a headspace equilibration method to determine concentrations of pore-water H2 in subseafloor sediments along a transect of five sites of different water depths and geochemical regimes at the continental margin off Namibia, SE Atlantic. The two methods generated depth profiles with some similarities in curve shape, but the extraction method yielded higher H2 values than the headspace equilibration technique. By comparing the two data sets with thermodynamic calculations of potential terminal electron-accepting processes, we were able to provide a first evaluation of syntrophic conditions in subseafloor sediment from the perspective of H2 biogeochemistry. We observed that in the sulfate reduction zone, the H2 concentrations are higher than the H2 threshold allowed for the next most favorable terminal metabolism (methanogenesis), suggesting relaxation of coupling between H2-producing and H2-consuming activities at these depths. In contrast, the H2 concentrations in the upper methanogenic zone are low enough for methanogens to outcompete CO2-reducing acetogens. Our findings suggest the existence of varied extents of syntrophic H2 coupling in subseafloor sediment. Abstract Copyright (2012) Elsevier, B.V. AU - Lin, Yu-Shih AU - Heuer, Verena B. AU - Goldhammer, Tobias AU - Kellermann, Matthias Y. AU - Zabel, Matthias AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Bremen, Department of Geosciences, Organic Geochemistry Group, Bremen Affiliation (monographic): University of Bremen, Department of Geosciences, Organic Geochemistry Group, Bremen, Germany Coordinates: S120100 S120100 W0815400 W0815400; S271500 S252000 E0134000 E0100000 illus., incl. 5 tables, sketch map Contains 63 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol.77, p.186-201. Publisher: Elsevier, New York, NY, International. ISSN: 0016-7037 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands GeoRef ID: 2012026211 DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.008 KW - Africa Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Atlantic Ocean Biochemistry Chemical composition Chemical reactions Chromatograms Chromatography Degradation East Pacific Equatorial Pacific Geochemistry Hydrocarbons Hydrochemistry Hydrogen ICP mass spectra Leg 201 Liquid chromatography Marine sediments Mass spectra Mathematical methods Methane Namibia ODP Site 1231 Ocean Drilling Program Ocean floors Organic compounds Pacific Ocean Pore water Prediction Reduction Sea water Sediments Solid phase South Atlantic South Pacific Southeast Atlantic Southeast Pacific Southern Africa Spectra Sulfates Total organic carbon Water-rock interaction 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2012 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 186–201 ST - Towards constraining H2 concentration in sub-seafloor sediment: a proposal for combined analysis by two distinct approaches T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Towards constraining H2 concentration in sub-seafloor sediment: a proposal for combined analysis by two distinct approaches UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.008 VL - 77 ID - 6591 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Results from the PESCADOR seismic experiment in the Gulf of California provide new insight into rifting — the process that ruptures continents and forms new ocean basins. Unpredicted variations in magmatic activity in continental rifts are commonly attributed to variations in mantle temperature, but such thermal variations tend to occur over large length scales. The new results reveal large differences in rifting style and magmatism over short lateral distances. This suggests that the observed range in magmatism is caused not by variation in temperature, but rather by variability in mantle composition and fertility — the intrinsic capacity of the underlying mantle to produce melt. AU - Lizarralde, Daniel AU - Axen, Gary J. AU - Brown, Hillary E. AU - Fletcher, John M. AU - González-Fernández, Antonio AU - Harding, Alistair J. AU - Holbrook, W. Steven AU - Kent, Graham M. AU - Paramo, Pedro AU - Sutherland, Fiona AU - Umhoefer, Paul J. DA - 2007/07/01 DO - 10.1038/nature06035 IS - 7152 PY - 2007 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 466–469 ST - Variation in styles of rifting in the Gulf of California T2 - Nature TI - Variation in styles of rifting in the Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06035 VL - 448 ID - 6932 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Continental rifting creates narrow ocean basins, where coastal ocean upwelling results in high biological productivity and organic-rich sedimentation. In addition, topographic gradients promote silicate weathering, which consumes atmospheric CO2 (ref. 1). The carbon flux associated with these processes has led to the suggestion that rifting may cool the atmosphere, leading in some cases to glaciation and even a snowball Earth scenario. Guaymas basin, within the Gulf of California, is a young spreading system where new igneous crust is formed beneath a layer of organic-rich sediment that is 1-2kmthick. Here we present seismic data from Guaymas basin that image recent, basin-wide magmatic intrusions into sediments; sonar backscatter and seafloor photographs that indicate numerous, broadly distributed chemosynthetic seafloor biological communities, and geochemical analyses of water samples suggesting that the methane that supports these communities is derived from magma-driven thermogenic alteration of sediments. Our results suggest that active shallow magmatism releases carbon from sediments up to 50km away from the plate boundary. This is a much larger area than the less than 5km found at unsedimented mid-ocean ridges, and than previously recognized. We conclude that thick sediments may promote broad magmatism, reducing the efficiency of natural carbon sequestration within young sedimented rifts. AD - AA(Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA), AB(Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA), AC(Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA), AD(Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA) AU - Lizarralde, Daniel AU - Soule, S. Adam AU - Seewald, Jeff S. AU - Proskurowski, Giora DA - January 01, 2011 DO - 10.1038/ngeo1006 N1 - https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011NatGe...4...50L PY - 2011 SP - 50–54 ST - Carbon release by off-axis magmatism in a young sedimented spreading centre T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Carbon release by off-axis magmatism in a young sedimented spreading centre UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1006 VL - 4 ID - 6711 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Smith, Alan G. A2 - Gradstein, Felix M. A2 - Ogg, James G. AU - Lourens, L. AU - Hilgen, F. AU - Shackleton, N. J. AU - Laskar, J. AU - Wilson, D. CY - Cambridge, UK DB - Cambridge Core DO - DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511536045.022 DP - Cambridge University Press N1 - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/geologic-time-scale-2004/neogene-period/4907984926DC8E1ABC8AD0B7F6489111 PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2005 SN - 9780521786737 SP - 409–440 ST - The Neogene period T2 - A Geologic Time Scale 2004 TI - The Neogene period UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536045.022 ID - 6813 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lovell, M. A. AU - Harvey, P. K. AU - Brewer, T. S. AU - Williams, C. AU - Jackson, P. D. AU - Williamson, G. J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Leicester University, Geology Department, Leicester Affiliation (monographic): Leicester University, Geology Department, Leicester, United Kingdom illus., incl. 1 table, sketch map Contains 57 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geological evolution of ocean basins; results from the Ocean Drilling Program, edited by A. Cramp, C. J. MacLeod, S. V. Lee and E. J. W. Jones. Geological Society Special Publications, Vol.131, p.287-303. Publisher: Geological Society of London, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 0305-8719. ISBN: 1-86239-003-7 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1998075071 KW - Applications Boreholes Cores Cross-laminations Data acquisition Electrical methods Formation MicroScanner Geophysical methods Geophysical surveys Izu-Bonin Arc Lithostratigraphy Measurement North Pacific Northwest Pacific Numerical models Ocean Drilling Program Orientation Pacific Ocean Planar bedding structures Resistivity Sedimentary structures Simulation Stress Surveys Tectonics Textures Turbidite Well logs West Pacific 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English N1 - Cramp, A., MacLeod, C.J., Lee, S.V., and Jones, E.J.W. (Eds.) Geological evolution of ocean basins: results from the Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1998 SN - 0305-8719 SP - 287–303 ST - Application of FMS images in the Ocean Drilling Program: an overview T2 - Geological Society Special Publication TI - Application of FMS images in the Ocean Drilling Program: an overview UR - https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.18 VL - 131 ID - 6572 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Mix, A.C., Tiedemann, R., Blum, P., et al. AB - During Leg 202, we observed and tested the effects of drilling on the magnetic remanence of sediments in a variety of lithologies. We found substantial magnetic overprints superimposed on the sediment natural remanent magnetization because of the use of steel core barrels and the time the sediment spends within them. The use of the advanced piston corer temperature (APCT) tool, which extends the duration of the coring process by 15 min for each core, induced a substantially larger overprint as compared to cores not using this tool. Laboratory experiments indicated that this large overprint is not APCT tool specific, but rather due to the extra time the sediment rests in the core barrel. Alternating use of a nonmagnetic core barrel on even-numbered cores (e.g., on Cores 2H, 4H, 6H, etc.) with a normal magnetized (steel) core barrel on odd-numbered cores (e.g., on Cores 1H, 3H, 5H, 7H, etc.) within a hole, at three sites, demonstrated a reduced overprint with the nonmagnetic core barrel. The improvement of the magnetic record due to the use of the nonmagnetic core barrel was most dramatic in relatively coarse siliciclastic sediments from the continental margin of Chile. The effect, though less dramatic, was still noticeable in fine-grained, open-ocean pelagic carbonate sediments. Based on these experiments and observations, we recommend that nonmagnetic core barrels, cutting shoes, and associated coring equipment that is in close contact with the sediment be made available for full-time use in coring with the advanced piston corer where a paleomagnetic record is of interest. AU - Lund, S.P., Stoner, J.S., Mix, A.C., Tiedemann, R., Blum, P., and the Leg 202 Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, CA Affiliation (monographic): University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States Corporate Affiliation (monographic): Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 202, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX Coordinates: S420000 N080000 W0730000 W0870000 illus. Contains 2 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, initial reports, Southeast Pacific paleoceanographic transects; covering Leg 202 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution; Valparaiso, Chile, to Balboa, Panama; sites 1232-1242, 29 March-30 May 2002, Alan C. Mix, Ralf Tiedemann, Peter Blum, Fatima F. Abrantes, Heather Benway, Isabel Cacho-Lascorz, Min-Te Chen, Margaret L. Delaney, José-Abel Flores, Liviu Giosan, Ann E. Holbourn, Tomohisa Irino, Masao Iwai, Leah H. Joseph, Helga F. Kleiven, Frank Lamy, Steven P. Lund, Philippe Martinez, Jerry F. McManus, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, Nicklas G. Pisias, Rebecca S. Robinson, Joseph S. Stoner, Arne Sturm, Michael W. Wara, Wuchang Wei, Krista L. May, Angeline T. Miller and Lorri L. Peters; Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 202, Shipboard Scientific Party, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Part A: Initial Reports, Vol.202, 10p. Publisher: Texas A&M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5883 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2004021642 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.ir.202.114.2003 KW - Alternating field demagnetization Cenozoic Chile Continental margin Cores Demagnetization East Pacific Instruments Leg 202 Magnetic properties Magnetization Marine sediments Natural remanent magnetization Ocean Drilling Program Ocean floors Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Quaternary Remanent magnetization Sediments South America Tertiary 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology 18 Geophysics, Solid-Earth LA - English N1 - Lund, Steven P. Stoner, Joseph S. Mix, Alan C. Tiedemann, Ralf Blum, Peter Abrantes, Fatima F. Benway, Heather Cacho-Lascorz, Isabel Chen, Min-Te Delaney, Margaret L. Flores, José-Abel Giosan, Liviu Holbourn, Ann E. Irino, Tomohisa Iwai, Masao Joseph, Leah H. Kleiven, Helga F. Lamy, Frank Martinez, Philippe McManus, Jerry F. Ninnemann, Ulysses S. Pisias, Nicklas G. Robinson, Rebecca S. Sturm, Arne Wara, Michael W. Wei, Wuchang PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2003 SN - 0884-5883 ST - Appendix: observations on the effect of a nonmagnetic core barrel on shipboard paleomagnetic data; results from ODP Leg 202 T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Appendix: observations on the effect of a nonmagnetic core barrel on shipboard paleomagnetic data; results from ODP Leg 202 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.202.114.2003 VL - 202 ID - 6583 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hurst, A., Lovell, M.A., and Morton, A.C. AB - High-resolution electrical borehole images are obtained from the Formation Micro Scanner* (FMS) by scanning the borehole wall with arrays of small electrodes pressed against the borehole surface. The images provide detailed sedimentary structural information from clastic rocks which is of great value for geological and reservoir modelling as illustrated by two case studies. Analysis of electrical borehole images through a Pennsylvanian deltaic cycle from Texas shows different types of bedding surfaces, including channel base scours, cross-bedding, slump folds and growth-faulting. The ensemble of the data constrains the subsurface geometry of the reservoir and helps to establish a depositional model. Thresholding may produce a segmentation of sand/shale images. In the aeolian Rotliegendes of the North Sea, electrical borehole images provide a vertical succession of facies, dip and azimuth measurements of interdune layers, bounding surfaces and foresets, as well as thickness measurements of the cross-bedded sets. Statistical modelling using the data indicates scale-invariant crescentic bedforms, and describes sizes, shapes and layering of the cross-bedded sandstones. Computer-aided design tools are used for forward-modelling of structures observed on borehole images in order to test possible interpretation hypotheses. The use of graphic workstations greatly facilitates the interpretation process. AU - Luthi, Stefan M. DO - 10.1144/gsl.Sp.1990.048.01.02 N1 - https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/specpubgsl/48/1/3.full.pdf PY - 1990 SP - 3–10 ST - Sedimentary structures of clastic rocks identified from electrical borehole images SV - Geological Society Special Publication T2 - Geological Applications of Wireline Logs TI - Sedimentary structures of clastic rocks identified from electrical borehole images UR - https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.048.01.02 VL - 48 ID - 6814 ER - TY - BOOK AU - MacKenzie, W.S. AU - Donaldson, C.H. AU - Guilford, C. CY - Essex, UK PB - Longman Group UK Limited PY - 1982 ST - Atlas of Igneous Rocks and Their Textures TI - Atlas of Igneous Rocks and Their Textures ID - 6815 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Quantitative distributions of calcareous nannofossils are analysed in the early-middle Pleistocene at the small Gephyrocapsa and Pseudoemiliania lacunosa zone transition in deep-sea cores from the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean (Ocean Drilling Program [ODP] Sites 977, 964 and 967, Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP] Site 607). The temporal and spatial mode of occurrence of medium-sized gephyrocapsids and reticulofenestrids has been examined to refine biostratigraphic constraints and evaluate possible relationships of stratigraphic patterns to environmental changes during a period of global climatic deterioration. The timing of bioevents has been calibrated using high-resolution sampling and correlation to the δ18O record in chronologically well-constrained sections. Newly identified events and ecostratigraphical signals enhance the stratigraphic resolution at the early-middle Pleistocene. The first occurrence (FO) of intermediate morphotypes between Pseudoemiliania and Reticulofenestra (Reticulofenestra sp.) is proposed as a reliable event within marine isotope stage (MIS) 35 or at the MIS 35/34 transition. The distribution of Reticulofenestra asanoi is characterized by rare and scattered occurrences in its lowest range, but the first common occurrence (FCO) is consistently identified at MIS 32 or 32/31; the last common occurrence (LCO) of the species is a distinctive event at MIS 23. In the studied interval, Gephyrocapsa omega dominates among medium-sized Gephyrocapsa. The FO of G. omega and contemporaneous re-entry of medium-sized gephyrocapsids at the lower-middle Pleistocene transition are diachronous between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and from the western to eastern Mediterranean. In the Mediterranean, the LO of G. omega falls at MIS 15, insolation cycle 54 and is isochronous among the sites. Abundance fluctuations of G. omega show notable relations to early-middle Pleistocene climate changes; they considerably increase in abundance at the interglacial stages, suggesting warm water preferences. Gephyrocapsa omega temporarily disappears during the glacial MIS 22 and MIS 20. Above MIS 20, an impoverishment in G. omega and in the total abundance of medium-sized gephyrocapsids occurs. A decrease in abundance of G. omega is observed between the western Site 977 and the easternmost Site 967 in the Mediterranean Sea, as a possible response to high salinity and/or low nutrient content. Possible environmental influences on the distribution of R. asanoi and of Reticulofenestra sp. are discussed. Abstract Copyright (2004) Elsevier, B.V. AU - Maiorano, Patrizia AU - Marino, Maria IS - 3 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Universita di Bari, Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Bari Affiliation (monographic): Universita di Bari, Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Bari, Italy Coordinates: N360154 N360154 W0015719 W0015719; N361538 N361538 E0174500 E0174500; N340411 N340411 E0324331 E0324331; N410004 N410005 W0325726 W0325727 illus., incl. 2 tables, sketch map Contains 68 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling; ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Marine Micropaleontology, 53(3-4), p.405-422. Publisher: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISSN: 0377-8398 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands GeoRef ID: 2005071730 DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.08.003 KW - Algae Assemblages Atlantic Ocean Biochronology Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Coccolithophoraceae DSDP Site 607 Deep Sea Drilling Project Gephyrocapsa Gephyrocapsa oceanica Glaciation IPOD Leg 160 Leg 161 Leg 94 Marine environment Mediterranean Sea Microfossils ODP Site 964 ODP Site 967 ODP Site 977 Ocean Drilling Program Paleoclimatology Paleoenvironment Plantae Pleistocene Pseudoemiliana lacunosa Quantitative analysis Quaternary Reticulofenestra asanoi 24 Surficial Geology, Quaternary Geology LA - English PY - 2004 SN - 0377-8398 SP - 405–422 ST - Calcareous nannofossil bioevents and environmental control on temporal and spatial patterns at the early-middle Pleistocene T2 - Marine Micropaleontology TI - Calcareous nannofossil bioevents and environmental control on temporal and spatial patterns at the early-middle Pleistocene UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.08.003 VL - 53 ID - 6574 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Goldberg, E.D. AU - Manheim, Frank T. AU - Sayles, F. L. CY - New York DB - USGS Publications Warehouse PB - Wiley PY - 1974 SP - 527–568 ST - Composition and origin of interstitial waters of marine sediments, based on deep sea drill cores T2 - The Sea (Volume 5): Marine Chemistry: The Sedimentary Cycle TI - Composition and origin of interstitial waters of marine sediments, based on deep sea drill cores UR - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70207491 ID - 6523 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An initial investigation of the concentration distribution of short chain organic acid anions in hydrothermally altered sediments of the Guaymas Basin reveals the presence of high concentrations of acetate and propionate relative to normal marine sediments. Acetate and propionate concentrations appear to vary as a function of sediment temperature and reach concentrations 1100 and 200 μm, respectively at temperatures 100°C. As in previously studied oil field formation waters, these acid anions probably play a key role in the generation of CO2 and hydrocarbons gases, hydrogen ion (pH) buffering, the complexing of aqueous ions, and mineral dissolution and precipatation. At temperatures <100°C these and other acid anions should be important substrates for heterotrophic bacterial processes, including sulfate reduction. AU - Martens, Christopher S. DA - 1990/01/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90037-6 IS - 1 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0883292790900376 PY - 1990 SN - 0883-2927 SP - 71–76 ST - Generation of short chain acid anions in hydrothermally altered sediments of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California T2 - Applied Geochemistry TI - Generation of short chain acid anions in hydrothermally altered sediments of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90037-6 VL - 5 ID - 6679 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - McKee, E.D., and Weir, G.W. (Eds.) AU - Martini, E. CY - Washington, DC PB - US Department of the Interior PY - 1971 ST - Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation T2 - Trace Elements Investigations Report TI - Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation UR - https://doi.org/10.3133/tei269 VL - 269 ID - 6816 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mazzullo, J. AU - Graham, A.G. PY - 1988 SP - 44–67 ST - Appendix I. ODP sediment classification scheme T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Appendix I. ODP sediment classification scheme UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.8.1988 VL - 8 ID - 6817 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDougall, Kristin AU - Martínez, Adriana Yanet Miranda DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.1130/GES00975.1 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SP - 842–869 ST - Evidence for a marine incursion along the lower Colorado River corridor T2 - Geosphere TI - Evidence for a marine incursion along the lower Colorado River corridor UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00975.1 VL - 10 ID - 6607 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary Extreme thermal gradients and compressed metabolic zones limit the depth range of microbial colonization in hydrothermally active sediments at Guaymas Basin. We investigated the physicochemical characteristics of this ecosystem and their influence on microbial community structure. Temperature-related trends of δ13C values of methane and dissolved inorganic carbon from 36 sediment cores suggest in situ thermal limits for microbial anaerobic methane oxidation and organic carbon re-mineralization near 80°C and 100°C respectively. Temperature logging probes deposited in hydrothermal sediments for 8 days demonstrate substantial thermal fluctuations of up to 25°C. Putative anaerobic methanotroph (ANME) populations dominate the archaeal community, transitioning from ANME-1 archaea in warm surficial sediments towards ANME-1 Guaymas archaea as temperatures increase downcore. Since ANME archaea performing anaerobic oxidation of methane double on longer time scales (months) compared with relatively rapid in situ temperature fluctuations (hours to days), we conclude that ANME archaea possess a high tolerance for short-term shifts in the thermal regime. AU - McKay, Luke AU - Klokman, Vincent W. AU - Mendlovitz, Howard P. AU - LaRowe, Douglas E. AU - Hoer, Daniel R. AU - Albert, Daniel AU - Amend, Jan P. AU - Teske, Andreas DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12365 IS - 1 N1 - https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1758-2229.12365 PY - 2016 SN - 1758-2229 SP - 150–161 ST - Thermal and geochemical influences on microbial biogeography in the hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California T2 - Environmental Microbiology Reports TI - Thermal and geochemical influences on microbial biogeography in the hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12365 VL - 8 ID - 6933 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Beggiatoa are found in conspicuous, colorful mats on the seafloor above active hydrothermal seeps at Guaymas Basin. Guaymas Beggiatoa filaments fall into discrete size classes representing at least five separate 16S rRNA phylotypes, and appear either white, yellow, or orange. During two R/V Atlantis cruises to Guaymas Basin, 78 temperature profiles were taken near and within 15 different orange and white Beggiatoa mats by the Alvin submersible to investigate spatial relationships between mat color and hydrothermal fluid seeps, as indicated by elevated temperatures. The surface temperatures from 78 profiles are similar to each other (on average 8–12°C, warmer than bare sediments at 3–4°C), indicating that Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa spp., although relying on the hydrothermal system for energy and carbon sources, live within a relatively cool temperature range. Temperatures from 40cm below orange Beggiatoa versus white Beggiatoa are the same, at 84°C averaged across all mat systems. However, within a single mat system, temperatures are higher beneath the predominantly orange center of the mat than beneath the white mat periphery. Push core transects across the orange-to-white color change of three Beggiatoa mats showed stronger upward compression of isotherms and metabolic zones beneath the orange mat center than beneath white mat periphery. Hydrothermal temperature gradients push the microbial processes generating carbon and energy sources for Beggiatoa mats towards the sediment surface. The resulting steep gradients of hydrothermal electron donors and carbon sources to the sediment surface, rather than the in situ temperature by itself, control the relative positioning of orange and white filaments within a Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa mat. Given the wide spectrum of temperature and hydrothermal flux regimes between different mats, the orange/white pattern represents a relative preference or even a competitive balance among different Beggiatoa types that establishes itself within each hydrothermal hot spot. AU - McKay, Luke J. AU - MacGregor, Barbara J. AU - Biddle, Jennifer F. AU - Albert, Daniel B. AU - Mendlovitz, Howard P. AU - Hoer, Daniel R. AU - Lipp, Julius S. AU - Lloyd, Karen G. AU - Teske, Andreas P. DA - 2012/09/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.04.011 KW - Guyamas Basin Hydrothermal vents Microbial mats N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063712001069 PY - 2012 SN - 0967-0637 SP - 21–31 ST - Spatial heterogeneity and underlying geochemistry of phylogenetically diverse orange and white Beggiatoa mats in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments T2 - Deep Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers TI - Spatial heterogeneity and underlying geochemistry of phylogenetically diverse orange and white Beggiatoa mats in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.04.011 VL - 67 ID - 6934 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McKay, Robert M. AU - De Santis, Laura AU - Kulhanek, Denise K. AU - the Expedition 374 Scientists CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Victoria University of Wellington, Antarctic Research Centre, Wellington Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 374 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: S754102 S754102 W1794019 W1794019; S763314 S763314 W1744528 W1744528; S740901 S740901 W1764740 W1764745; S741303 S741303 W1733756 W1733801; S750004 S750004 W1735512 W1735512 Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.374. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2019068964 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.374.2019 KW - Algae Antarctic ice sheet Antarctica Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Cores Diatoms Dinoflagellata Expedition 374 Foraminifera Geophysical methods Geophysical profiles Geophysical surveys Holocene IODP Site U1521 IODP Site U1522 IODP Site U1523 IODP Site U1524 IODP Site U1525 International Ocean Discovery Program Lithostratigraphy Magnetic properties Magnetic susceptibility Magnetostratigraphy Marine sediments Microfossils Miocene Nannofossils Neogene Paleomagnetism Palynomorphs Physical properties Pleistocene Pliocene Quaternary Radiolaria Ross Sea Sediments Seismic methods Seismic profiles Southern Ocean Surveys Tertiary Well logs West Antarctic ice sheet 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English N1 - McKay, Robert M. De Santis, Laura Kulhanek, Denise K. Ash, Jeanine L. Beny, François Browne, Imogen M. Cortese, Giuseppe Cordeiro de Sousa, Isabela M. Dodd, Justin P. Esper, Oliver M. Gales, Jenny A. Harwood, David M. Ishino, Saki Keisling, Benjamin A. Kim, Sookwan Kim, Sunghan Laberg, Jan Sverre Leckie, R. Mark Müller, Juliane Patterson, Molly O. Romans, Brian W. Romero, Oscar E. Sangiorgi, Francesca Seki, Osamu Shevenell, Amelia E. Singh, Shiv M. Sugisaki, Saiko T. Van de Flierdt, Tina Van Peer, Tim E. Xiao Wenshen Xiong Zhifang PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2019 SN - 2377-3189 ; ST - Ross Sea West Antarctic Ice Sheet History. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program TI - Ross Sea West Antarctic Ice Sheet History. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.374.2019 VL - 374 ID - 5482 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A terminology is suggested to aid the field geologist in describing the structures of stratified and cross-stratified rock units. Qualitative terms describing the character of rock layering are stratification, stratum, cross-stratification, cross-stratum, set, coset, and composite set. Quantitative terms applying to the thickness of stratification are very thick-bedded, thick-bedded, thin-bedded, very thin-bedded, laminated, and thinly laminated. Quantitative terms applying to the thickness of units into which the rock splits are massive, blocky, slabby, flaggy, shaly, platy, and papery.A classification of cross-stratification is suggested, based primarily on whether the lower bounding surface of a set of cross-strata is one of erosion or nondeposition and, if erosional, whether it is plane or curved. Features of secondary importance in this classification are the shape of set of cross-strata, the attitude of the axis, the symmetry of the cross-strata with respect to the axis, the arching of the cross-strata, the dip of the cross-strata, and the length of individual cross-strata. AU - McKee, E.D. AU - Weir, G.W. DO - 10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[381:Tfsaci]2.0.Co;2 IS - 4 PY - 1953 SN - 0016-7606 SP - 381–390 ST - Terminology for stratification and cross-stratification in sedimentary rocks T2 - Geological Society of America Bulletin TI - Terminology for stratification and cross-stratification in sedimentary rocks UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[381:TFSACI]2.0.CO;2 VL - 64 Y2 - 1/22/2021 ID - 6859 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is carried out by a globally distributed group of uncultivated Euryarchaeota, the anaerobic methanotrophic arachaea (ANME). In this work, we used G+C analysis of 16S rRNA genes to identify a putatively thermophilic ANME group and applied newly designed primers to study its distribution in low-temperature diffuse vent fluids from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. We found that the G+C content of the 16S rRNA genes (P GC) is significantly higher in the ANME-1GBa group than in other ANME groups. Based on the positive correlation between the P GC and optimal growth temperatures (T opt) of archaea, we hypothesize that the ANME-1GBa group is adapted to thrive at high temperatures. We designed specific 16S rRNA gene-targeted primers for the ANME-1 cluster to detect all phylogenetic groups within this cluster, including the deeply branching ANME-1GBa group. The primers were successfully tested both in silico and in experiments with sediment samples where ANME-1 phylotypes had previously been detected. The primers were further used to screen for the ANME-1 microorganisms in diffuse vent fluid samples from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean, and sequences belonging to the ANME-1 cluster were detected in four individual vents. Phylotypes belonging to the ANME-1GBa group dominated in clone libraries from three of these vents. Our findings provide evidence of existence of a putatively extremely thermophilic group of methanotrophic archaea that occur in geographically and geologically distinct marine hydrothermal habitats. AU - Merkel, Alexander Y. AU - Huber, Julie A. AU - Chernyh, Nikolay A. AU - Bonch-Osmolovskaya, Elizaveta A. AU - Lebedinsky, Alexander V. DO - 10.1128/aem.03034-12 IS - 3 N1 - https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/79/3/915.full.pdf PY - 2013 SP - 915–923 ST - Detection of putatively thermophilic anaerobic methanotrophs in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology TI - Detection of putatively thermophilic anaerobic methanotrophs in diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03034-12 VL - 79 ID - 6935 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The amount and type of organic matter in the sediments of lakes and oceans contribute to their paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatological records. Only a small fraction of the initial aquatic organic matter survives destruction and alteration during sinking and sedimentation. Selective degradation modifies the character of the surviving small fraction of organic matter which becomes incorporated in bottom sediments. Organic matter alterations can continue to sub-bottom depths of hundreds of meters, corresponding to millions of years. Source and paleoenvironmental information nonetheless remains preserved in the molecular, elemental and isotopic compositions of organic matter. C/N- and δ13C-values of total organic matter, in particular, appear to retain paleoenvironmental information for multi-Myr time periods. AU - Meyers, Philip A. IS - 3–4 KW - Africa Algae Alteration Aquatic environment Asia C-13/C-12 Calcium carbonate Carbon Commonwealth of Independent States DSDP Site 443 Dabob Bay Deep Sea Drilling Project Degradation Far East Ghana Glacial environment Great Lakes Honshu IPOD Interglacial environment Isotope ratios Isotopes Japan Lacustrine environment Lake Baikal Lake Biwa Lake Bosumtwi Lake Michigan Leg 130 Leg 58 Malaysia Mangrove Lake Marine environment Marine sediments Michigan Microfossils Narragansett Bay Nevada Nitrogen North America North Pacific Northwest Pacific ODP Site 805 Ocean Drilling Program Ontong Java Plateau Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Paleoclimatology Paleoenvironment Penang Malaysia Philippine Sea Plantae Preservation Pyramid Lake Rhode Island Russian Federation Sedimentation Sediments Shiga Japan Shikoku Basin Stable isotopes United States Walker Lake Washington West Africa West Pacific 02 Geochemistry 06 Petrology, Sedimentary LA - English PY - 1994 SP - 289–302 ST - Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter T2 - Chemical Geology TI - Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0 VL - 114 ID - 6510 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Middleton, G.V., and Hampton, M.A. (Eds.) AU - Middleton, Gerard V AU - Hampton, Monty A N1 - http://archives.datapages.com/data/pac_sepm/015/015001/pdfs/i.htm PY - 1973 SP - 1–38 ST - Mechanics of flow and deposition SV - SEPM Pacific Section Short Course, Anaheim 1973 T2 - Turbidites and Deep Water Sedimentation TI - Mechanics of flow and deposition ID - 6721 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Multichannel seismic transects reveal an ∼2-km-thick, ∼50 × 100 km evaporite body under the shelf on the eastern margin of the Guaymas Basin, central Gulf of California (Mexico). These thick newly discovered evaporites appear to be correlated with well-known gypsum beds near Santa Rosalía to the northwest, on the Baja California peninsula. Closing the Gulf of California along kinematic flow lines suggests that the thin, scattered, ca. 7 Ma Santa Rosalía gypsum beds formed on the fringe of the much thicker evaporite deposit. This correlation, and the large volume of the Guaymas evaporates, implies that substantial marine incursions and subsequent evaporite deposition occurred during the Late Miocene and prior to lithospheric rupture. Furthermore, the shape of the Guaymas evaporite is indicative of a transtensional basin, suggesting that oblique extension existed in the central Gulf of California ca. 7 Ma. AU - Miller, Nathaniel C. AU - Lizarralde, Daniel. DO - 10.1130/g33747.1 IS - 2 PY - 2013 SN - 0091-7613 SP - 283–286 ST - Thick evaporites and early rifting in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California T2 - Geology TI - Thick evaporites and early rifting in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/G33747.1 VL - 41 Y2 - 1/25/2021 ID - 6936 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Heuer, V.B., Inagaki, F., Morono, Y., Kubo, Y., Maeda, L., and the Expedition 370 Scientists AU - Morono, Y., Inagaki, F., Heuer, V.B., Kubo, Y., Maeda, L., Bowden, S., Cramm, M., Henkel, S., Hirose, T., Homola, K., Hoshino, T., Ijiri, A., Imachi, H., Kamiya, N., Kaneko, M., Lagostina, L., Manners, H., McClelland, H.-L., Metcalfe, K., Okutsu, N., Pan, D., Raudsepp, M.J., Sauvage, J., Schubotz, F., Spivack, A., Tonai, S., Treude, T., Tsang, M.-Y., Viehweger, B., Wang, D.T., Whitaker, E., Yamamoto, Y., and Yang, K. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, @DEU Affiliation (monographic): University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Germany Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 370 Participants, College Station, TX Coordinates: N322200 N322200 E1345759 E1345759 illus., incl. 16 tables Contains 87 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; Temperature limit of the deep biosphere off Muroto; Expedition 370 of the riser drilling platform, Shimizu, Japan, to Kochi, Japan; Site C0023, 10 September-23 November 2016, Verena Heuer, Fumio Inagaki, Yuki Morono, Yusuke Kubo, Lena Maeda, Stephen Bowden, Margaret Cramm, Susann Henkel, Takehiro Hirose, Kira Homola, Tatsuhiko Hoshino, Akira Ijiri, Hiroyuki Imachi, Nana Kamiya, Masanori Kaneko, Lorenzo Lagostina, Hayley Manners, Harry-Luke McClelland, Kyle Metcalfe, Natsumi Okutsu, Donald Pan, Maija Jocelyn Raudsepp, Justine Sauvage, Florence Schubotz, Arthur Spivack, Satoshi Tonai, Tina Treude, Man-Yin Tsang, Bernhard Viehweger, David T. Wang, Emily Whitaker, Yuzuru Yamamoto and Kiho Yang; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 370 Participants, College Station, TX. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.370, 46p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2019052566 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.370.102.2017 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Archaea Asia Bacteria Cenozoic Chemostratigraphy Computed tomography data Cores Ecology Expedition 370 Far East Gases Genetics Geomicrobiology Hydrocarbons IODP Site C0023 International Ocean Discovery Program Japan Kochi Japan Lithostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Marine sediments Metabolism Methane Microorganisms Nankai Trough North Pacific Northwest Pacific Nucleic acids Organic compounds Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Physical properties Pore water Quaternary RNA Sedimentary rocks Sediments Shikoku Spectra Structural analysis Temperature Tertiary Viruses Volcaniclastics Well logs West Pacific X-ray analysis X-ray diffraction data X-ray fluorescence spectra 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology 22 Environmental Geology LA - English PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2017 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Expedition 370 methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Temperature Limit of the Deep Biosphere off Muroto TI - Expedition 370 methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.370.102.2017 VL - 370 ID - 5438 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Detection and enumeration of microbial life in natural environments provide fundamental information about the extent of the biosphere on Earth. However, it has long been difficult to evaluate the abundance of microbial cells in sedimentary habitats because non-specific binding of fluorescent dye and/or auto-fluorescence from sediment particles strongly hampers the recognition of cell-derived signals. Here, we show a highly efficient and discriminative detection and enumeration technique for microbial cells in sediments using hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and automated fluorescent image analysis. Washing of sediment slurries with HF significantly reduced non-biological fluorescent signals such as amorphous silica and enhanced the efficiency of cell detachment from the particles. We found that cell-derived SYBR Green I signals can be distinguished from non-biological backgrounds by dividing green fluorescence (band-pass filter: 528/38 nm (center-wavelength/bandwidth)) by red (617/73 nm) per image. A newly developed automated microscope system could take a wide range of high-resolution image in a short time, and subsequently enumerate the accurate number of cell-derived signals by the calculation of green to red fluorescence signals per image. Using our technique, we evaluated the microbial population in deep marine sediments offshore Peru and Japan down to 365 m below the seafloor, which provided objective digital images as evidence for the quantification of the prevailing microbial life. Our method is hence useful to explore the extent of sub-seafloor life in the future scientific drilling, and moreover widely applicable in the study of microbial ecology. AU - Morono, Yuki AU - Terada, Takeshi AU - Masui, Noriaki AU - Inagaki, Fumio IS - 5 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Japan Agency for Marine-Erath Science and Technology, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Kochi Affiliation (monographic): Japan Agency for Marine-Erath Science and Technology, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Kochi, Japan Coordinates: S090000 S090000 W0795700 W0795700; S090700 S090700 W0803500 W0803500; S030600 S030600 W0904900 W0904900 illus. Contains 27 references Research Program: IODP Integrated Ocean Drilling Program; ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: The ISME Journal, 3(5), p.503-511. Publisher: Nature Publishing Group, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 1751-7362 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2016079186 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2009.1 KW - Cores Detection Detection limit East Pacific Ecology Equatorial Pacific Expedition 314 Expedition 337 Fluorescence Geomicrobiology IODP Site C0006 IODP Site C0020 Image analysis Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 Marine sediments Microorganisms NanTroSEIZE North Pacific Northwest Pacific ODP Site 1226 ODP Site 1227 ODP Site 1230 Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Peru-Chile Trench Sample preparation Sediments South Pacific Southeast Pacific West Pacific 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2009 SN - 1751-7362 SP - 503–511 ST - Discriminative detection and enumeration of microbial life in marine subsurface sediments T2 - The ISME Journal TI - Discriminative detection and enumeration of microbial life in marine subsurface sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.1 VL - 3 ID - 6579 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Munsell Color Company CY - Baltimore, MD DB - /z-wcorg/ DP - http://worldcat.org LA - English PB - Munsell Color PY - 1994 ST - Munsell Soil Color Charts (revised edition) TI - Munsell Soil Color Charts (revised edition) ID - 6608 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Munsell Color Company,  Inc. CY - Newburgh, MC PB - Munsell Color PY - 2000 ST - Munsell Soil Color Chart (revised edition) TI - Munsell Soil Color Chart (revised edition) ID - 6819 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Murray, R.W. AU - Miller, D. J. AU - Kryc, K.A. DO - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.29.2000 PY - 2000 ST - Analysis of major and trace elements in rocks, sediments, and interstitial waters by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Analysis of major and trace elements in rocks, sediments, and interstitial waters by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.29.2000 VL - 29 ID - 6821 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Lewis, S.D., Behrmann, J.H., Musgrave, R.J., and Cande, S.C. AU - Musgrave, Robert J. AU - Collombat, Hélène AU - Didenko, Alexei N. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): La Trobe University, Geology Department, Bandoora Affiliation (monographic): La Trobe University, Geology Department, Bandoora, Australia Coordinates: S463040 S455100 W0754120 W0755120 illus., incl. 1 table Contains 49 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, scientific results; Chile triple junction; covering Leg 141 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Balboa Harbor, Panama, to Valparaiso, Chile, sites 859-863, 12 November 1991-12 January 1992, Stephen D. Lewis, Jan H. Behrmann, Robert J. Musgrave, Rita Arqueros, Nathan Bangs, Per Bodén, Kevin M. Brown, Hélène Collombat, Alexei N. Didenko, Borys M. Didyk, Randall Forsythe, Philip N. Froelich, Xenia Golovchenko, Victor B. Kurnosov, Keith A. Kvenvolden, Nancy Lindsley-Griffin, Kathleen Marsaglia, Soichi Osozawa, David J. Prior, Dale S. Sawyer, David C. Scholl, Dorothee Spiegler, Kari Strad, Kozo Takahashi, Marta E. Torres, Marta Vega Faundez, Hernán P. Vergara, Amane Wasedal, Robert J. Musgrave and Chryseis O. Fox. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol.141, p.59-76. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5891 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1996067276 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.sr.141.015.1995 KW - Accretionary wedges Chile Chile Margin Triple Junction Diagenesis East Pacific Leg 141 Magnetic properties Ocean Drilling Program Overprinting Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Plate convergence Plate tectonics South America South Pacific Southeast Pacific Sulfides Thermal properties Triple junctions 18 Geophysics, Solid-Earth LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1995 SN - 0884-5891 SP - 59–76 ST - Magnetic sulfide diagenesis, thermal overprinting, and paleomagnetism of accretionary wedge and convergent margin sediments from the Chile triple junction region T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Magnetic sulfide diagenesis, thermal overprinting, and paleomagnetism of accretionary wedge and convergent margin sediments from the Chile triple junction region UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.141.015.1995 VL - 141 ID - 6581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Néel, Louis PY - 1949 SP - 99–136 ST - Théorie du traînage magnétique des ferromagnétiques en grains fins avec applications aux terres cuites T2 - Annales De Géophysique TI - Théorie du traînage magnétique des ferromagnétiques en grains fins avec applications aux terres cuites VL - 5 ID - 6825 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P., Jr., and Jackson, J.A. (Eds.) CY - Alexandria, VA PB - American Geosciences Institute PY - 2005 ST - Glossary of Geology (Fifth edition, revised) TI - Glossary of Geology (Fifth edition, revised) ID - 6826 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Authigenic carbonate crusts, surface muds and bivalve shell fragments have been recovered from inactive and active recently discovered cold seep sites in central Guaymas Basin. In this study, for first time, redox conditions and fluid sources involved in mineral precipitation were investigated by analyzing the mineralogy and textures of surface samples, along with skeletal contents, and C, O and S isotopes variations. The δ13C values of aragonitic bivalve shells and non-skeletal carbonate from some surface muds (1‰ to −3.7‰ V-PDB) suggest that carbonate precipitated from ambient dissolved inorganic carbon, whereas fibrous aragonite cement and non-skeletal carbonate from other sites are highly depleted in 13C (down to −47.6‰ V-PDB), suggesting formation via anaerobic oxidation of methane, characteristic of methane seepage environments. δ18O in most of the carbonates varies from +1.4‰ to +3.2‰ V-PDB, indicating that they formed from slightly modified seawater. Some non-skeletal carbonate grains from surface muds have lower δ18O values (−12.5‰ to −8.2‰ V-PDB) reflecting the influence of 18O-depleted pore water. Size distribution of pyrite framboids (mean value: 3.1 μm) scattered within diatomaceous sinter suggests formation from anoxic-sulfidic bottom waters. δ34S in pyrite is of −0.3‰ V-CDT compared to +46.6‰ V-CDT in barite, thus implying a fluid sulfate−sulfide fractionation of 21.3‰ that argues in favor of microbial sulfate reduction as the processes that mediated pyrite framboid formation, in a semi-closed system. Barite formation occurred through the mixing of reducing and Ba-rich seep fluids with a 34S-enriched sulfate pool that resulted from microbial sulfate reduction in a semi-closed system. The chemical composition of aragonite cement, barite and pyrite suggest mineral precipitation from modified seawater. Taken together, our data suggest that mineralization at the studied seep sites is controlled by the mixing of seawater with minor amounts of hydrothermal fluids, and oxygen-depleted conditions favoring anaerobic microbial processes. AU - Núñez-Useche, Fernando AU - Canet, Carles AU - Liebetrau, Volker AU - Puig, Teresa Pi AU - Ponciano, Alejandro Cristin AU - Alfonso, Pura AU - Berndt, Christian AU - Hensen, Christian AU - Mortera-Gutierrez, Carlos AU - Rodríguez-Díaz, Augusto Antonio DA - 2018/08/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.04.010 KW - Oxygen and carbon isotopes Sulfur isotopes Cold seepage Hydrothermal venting Anaerobic oxidation of methane Microbial sulfate reduction N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026481721830165X PY - 2018 SN - 0264-8172 SP - 1–15 ST - Redox conditions and authigenic mineralization related to cold seeps in central Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California T2 - Marine and Petroleum Geology TI - Redox conditions and authigenic mineralization related to cold seeps in central Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.04.010 VL - 95 ID - 6937 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Okada, Hisatake AU - Bukry, David IS - 3 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geol. Surv., La Jolla, CA Affiliation (monographic): U. S. Geol. Surv., La Jolla, CA, United States Coordinates: N310000 N410000 W0510000 W0680000 tables Contains 8 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Marine Micropaleontology, 5(3), p.321-325. Publisher: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISSN: 0377-8398 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1981017129 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Classification Coccolithophoraceae Codes Danian Deep Sea Drilling Project Deep-sea environment Latitude Leg 43 Low latitude Lower Paleocene Marine environment Microfossils Neogene Paleocene Paleogene Plantae Stratigraphy Tertiary Thallophytes Zoning 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PY - 1980 SN - 0377-8398 SP - 321–325 ST - Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975) T2 - Marine Micropaleontology TI - Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975) UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(80)90016-X VL - 5 ID - 6590 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al., AU - Oremland, Ronald S. AU - Culbertson, Charles AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA Affiliation (monographic): U. S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, CA, United States Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 24 anal., 3 tables, sketch map Contains 28 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.759-762. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011112 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.122.1982 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Anaerobic environment Atlantic Ocean Bacteria California Carbon DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 475 DSDP Site 476 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 479 DSDP Site 480 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Environment Gases Genesis Geochemistry Gulf of California Gulf of Mexico Hydrocarbons IPOD Leg 64 Marine sediments Methane Nitrogen North Atlantic North Pacific Northeast Pacific Oceanography Orca Basin Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Plantae San Francisco Bay Sedimentation Sediments Thallophytes United States 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 759–762 ST - Methanogenic activity in sediment from Leg 64, Gulf of California T2 - Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Methanogenic activity in sediment from Leg 64, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.122.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6671 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oremland, Ronald S. AU - Miller, L. G. AU - Whiticar, Michael J. DB - USGS Publications Warehouse DO - 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90367-X IS - 11 N1 - http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014117 PY - 1987 SP - 2915–2929 ST - Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90367-X VL - 51 ID - 6828 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary Microbial community analysis via high-throughput sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA genes is an essential microbiology tool. We found the popular primer pair 515F (515F-C) and 806R greatly underestimated (e.g. SAR11) or overestimated (e.g. Gammaproteobacteria) common marine taxa. We evaluated marine samples and mock communities (containing 11 or 27 marine 16S clones), showing alternative primers 515F-Y (5′-GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA) and 926R (5′-CCGYCAATTYMTTTRAGTTT) yield more accurate estimates of mock community abundances, produce longer amplicons that can differentiate taxa unresolvable with 515F-C/806R, and amplify eukaryotic 18S rRNA. Mock communities amplified with 515F-Y/926R yielded closer observed community composition versus expected (r2 = 0.95) compared with 515F-Y/806R (r2 ∼ 0.5). Unexpectedly, biases with 515F-Y/806R against SAR11 in field samples (∼4–10-fold) were stronger than in mock communities (∼2-fold). Correcting a mismatch to Thaumarchaea in the 515F-C increased their apparent abundance in field samples, but not as much as using 926R rather than 806R. With plankton samples rich in eukaryotic DNA (> 1 μm size fraction), 18S sequences averaged ∼17% of all sequences. A single mismatch can strongly bias amplification, but even perfectly matched primers can exhibit preferential amplification. We show that beyond in silico predictions, testing with mock communities and field samples is important in primer selection. AU - Parada, Alma E. AU - Needham, David M. AU - Fuhrman, Jed A. DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13023 IS - 5 N1 - https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.13023 PY - 2016 SN - 1462-2912 SP - 1403–1414 ST - Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples T2 - Environmental Microbiology TI - Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13023 VL - 18 ID - 6829 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Timmis, K.N. (Ed.) AU - Parkes, R. John AU - Sass, H. AU - Webster, G. AU - Watkins, A.J. AU - Weightman, A.J. AU - O'Sullivan, L.A. AU - Cragg, B.A. CY - Berlin PB - Springer PY - 2010 SP - 3799–3826 ST - Methods for studying methanogens and methanogenesis in marine sediments T2 - Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology TI - Methods for studying methanogens and methanogenesis in marine sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_299 ID - 6680 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recurrent organic-rich layers (sapropels) in eastern Mediterranean sediments are enriched in Corg, Fe, and S. Sulphur and Fe are enriched in a zone immediately below the sapropels, whereas Corg is not. δ34S values of bulk sediments and simple mass-balance calculations indicate that SO42− reduction has taken place in an open system, with all HS− formed at, or close to, the sediment surface. Formation of pyrite in the sapropel was Fe-limited and consequently, excess HS− was able to migrate downwards (downward sulphidisation). This resulted in the formation of pyrite below the sapropel by reaction of this HS− with solid-phase ferric iron and Fe2+ diffusing upwards from underlying sediments. The Fe2+ source probably includes Fe (hydr) oxide layers formed at former oxidation fronts above previously deposited and buried sapropels. This downward sulphidisation mechanism allows accumulation of twice as much S in alternating organic-rich-anoxic/organic-poor-suboxic sediments compared to what is preserved in organic-rich anoxic sediments. AU - Passier, Hilde F. AU - Middelburg, Jack J. AU - van Os, Bertil J. H. AU - de Lange, Gert J. DA - 1996/03/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00419-X IS - 5 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001670379500419X PY - 1996 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 751–763 ST - Diagenetic pyritisation under eastern Mediterranean sapropels caused by downward sulphide diffusion T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Diagenetic pyritisation under eastern Mediterranean sapropels caused by downward sulphide diffusion UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00419-X VL - 60 ID - 6830 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary While the collective impact of marine viruses has become more apparent over the last decade, a deeper understanding of virus-host dynamics and the role of viruses in nutrient cycling would benefit from direct observations at the single-virus level. We describe two new complementary approaches – stable isotope probing coupled with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and fluorescence-based biorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) – for studying the activity and biogeochemical influence of marine viruses. These tools were developed and tested using several ecologically relevant model systems (Emiliania huxleyi/EhV207, Synechococcus sp. WH8101/Syn1 and Escherichia coli/T7). By resolving carbon and nitrogen enrichment in viral particles, we demonstrate the power of nanoSIMS tracer experiments in obtaining quantitative estimates for the total number of viruses produced directly from a particular production pathway (by isotopically labelling host substrates). Additionally, we show through laboratory experiments and a pilot field study that BONCAT can be used to directly quantify viral production (via epifluorescence microscopy) with minor sample manipulation and no dependency on conversion factors. This technique can also be used to detect newly synthesized viral proteins. Together these tools will help fill critical gaps in our understanding of the biogeochemical impact of viruses in the ocean. AU - Pasulka, Alexis L. AU - Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee AU - Kopf, Sebastian H. AU - Guan, Yunbin AU - Poulos, Bonnie AU - Moradian, Annie AU - Sweredoski, Michael J. AU - Hess, Sonja AU - Sullivan, Mathew B. AU - Bidle, Kay D. AU - Orphan, Victoria J. DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13996 IS - 2 N1 - https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.13996 PY - 2018 SN - 1462-2912 SP - 671–692 ST - Interrogating marine virus-host interactions and elemental transfer with BONCAT and nanoSIMS-based methods T2 - Environmental Microbiology TI - Interrogating marine virus-host interactions and elemental transfer with BONCAT and nanoSIMS-based methods UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13996 VL - 20 ID - 6831 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Radiocarbon analyses of bulk carbon and individual organic compounds are presented for the hydrothermal environment of the Rebecca’s Roost vent in the southern trough of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal field. The Δ14C values of CO2 and CH4in the hottest hydrothermal fluids (317°C) are nearly “radiocarbon dead” (−944‰ and −923‰, respectively). In contrast, the Δ14C values of sediments and individual fatty acids (−418‰ to −227‰) obtained from a bacterial mat located south of the vent site are similar to values previously reported for hydrothermal petroleum in this environment and are more depleted in 14C than overlying waters. Hydrothermal fluids moving through the sediments appear to supply 14C of intermediate age to the bacteria. This carbon may take the form of, or may be supplied by processes similar to, the generation of hydrothermal petroleum. Although the bacterial mat visibly was dominated by Beggiatoa spp., such mats are known to include numerous other species. Individual compound data show that preaged carbon is being consumed by the integrated bacterial assemblage. Values of δ13C and Δ14C indicate that petroleum-derived carbon is incorporated directly into fresh bacterial biomass. Subsequently, some of this newly synthesized material also is consumed by heterotrophs, as eukaryotic sterols from the same sample also have 14C-depleted values (Δ14C = −136‰ to −110‰). Therefore, the entire system may operate as a complex consortium to transform relict carbon back into biomass. Bacterial consumption of relict carbon occurs despite the ample supply of fresh carbon delivered from the productive, overlying water column. AU - Pearson, A. AU - Seewald, J. S. AU - Eglinton, T. I. DA - 2005/12/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007 IS - 23 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703705005788 PY - 2005 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 5477–5486 ST - Bacterial incorporation of relict carbon in the hydrothermal environment of Guaymas Basin T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Bacterial incorporation of relict carbon in the hydrothermal environment of Guaymas Basin UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007 VL - 69 ID - 6938 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.) AU - Perch-Nielsen, K. CY - Cambridge, UK PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 1985 SP - 427–554 ST - Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils T2 - Plankton Stratigraphy (Volume 1) TI - Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils ID - 6832 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Oblique rifting began synchronously along the length of the Gulf of California at 6 Ma, yet there is no evidence for the existence of oceanic crust or a spreading transform fault system in the northern Gulf. Instead, multichannel seismic data show a broad shallow depression, ∼70 × 200 km, marked by active distributed deformation and six ∼10-km-wide segmented basins lacking well-defined transform faults. We present detailed images of faulting and magmatism based on the high resolution and quality of these data. The northern Gulf crust contains a dense (up to 18 faults in 5 km) complex network of mainly oblique-normal faults, with small offsets, dips of 60–80° and strikes of N-N30°E. Faults with seafloor offsets of tens of meters bound the Lower and two Upper Delfín Basins. These subparallel basins developed along splays from a transtensional zone at the NW end of the Ballenas Transform Fault. Twelve volcanic knolls were identified and are associated with the strands or horsetails from this zone. A structural connection between the two Upper Delfín Basins is evident in the switching of the center of extension along axis. Sonobuoy refraction data suggest that the basement consists of mixed igneous sedimentary material, atypical of mid-ocean ridges. On the basis of the near-surface manifestations of active faulting and magmatism, seafloor spreading will likely first occur in the Lower Delfín Basin. We suggest the transition to seafloor spreading is delayed by the lack of strain-partitioned and focused deformation as a consequence of shear in a broad zone beneath a thick sediment cover. AU - Persaud, Patricia AU - Stock, Joann M. AU - Steckler, Michael S. AU - Martín-Barajas, Arturo AU - Diebold, John B. AU - González-Fernández, Antonio AU - Mountain, Gregory S. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001937 IS - B7 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2002JB001937 PY - 2003 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 2355 ST - Active deformation and shallow structure of the Wagner, Consag, and Delfín Basins, northern Gulf of California, Mexico T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth TI - Active deformation and shallow structure of the Wagner, Consag, and Delfín Basins, northern Gulf of California, Mexico UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001937 VL - 108 ID - 6939 ER - TY - JOUR AB - 14C dates have been obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry and by conventional techniques from hydrothermaliy derived petroleum, calcite, and vent water from the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. The ages for petroleum range from 4240 to 5705 B.P., whereas those for calcite range from 7340 to 33,168 B.P. The CO2 in a sample of hydrothermal vent fluid (24% end member) yielded an apparent age of 14,820 B.P., which is within the calcite age range. These are not true ages, but rather they reflect the age of carbon within these materials. The data indicate that the conversion of sedimentary organic matter to petroleum occurs very rapidly and that the petroleum is mobilized from sedimentary organic matter in the upper 30 m of the sediment column (≤500 m thick) underlying the sea-floor deposits. The large difference in ages between the petroleum and most of the calcites indicates that the carbon source in the calcites is more complex. The inorganic carbon pool probably originates from the dissolution of older detrital carbonates and autochthonous biogenic carbonates in the shallow sediments, and/or the decarboxylation of organic matter at greater depth, with a magmatic component of dead carbon. AU - Peter, J. M. AU - Peltonen, P. AU - Scott, S. D. AU - Simoneit, B.R.T. AU - Kawka, O. E. DO - 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0253:Caohpa>2.3.Co;2 IS - 3 PY - 1991 SN - 0091-7613 SP - 253–256 ST - 14C ages of hydrothermal petroleum and carbonate in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: implications for oil generation, expulsion, and migration T2 - Geology TI - 14C ages of hydrothermal petroleum and carbonate in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: implications for oil generation, expulsion, and migration UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0253:CAOHPA>2.3.CO;2 VL - 19 Y2 - 1/26/2021 ID - 7030 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pimmel, A. AU - Claypool, G. N1 - This publication is supplemented by International Ocean Discovery Program Chemistry Laboratory User Guides: https://wiki.iodp.tamu.edu/display/LMUG/Chemistry PY - 2001 ST - Introduction to shipboard organic geochemistry on the JOIDES Resolution T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Introduction to shipboard organic geochemistry on the JOIDES Resolution UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.30.2001 VL - 30 ID - 6536 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Prell, W.L., Niitsuma, N., et al. CY - College Station, TX DO - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.117.1989 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Brown Univ., Dep. Geol. Sci., Providence, RI Coordinates: N160748 N182912 E0604438 E0572212 Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Part A: Initial Reports, Vol.117, 1236p. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5883 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1989052833 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.ir.117.1989 KW - Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Leg 117 Marine geology ODP Site 720 ODP Site 721 ODP Site 722 ODP Site 723 ODP Site 724 ODP Site 725 ODP Site 726 ODP Site 727 ODP Site 728 ODP Site 729 ODP Site 730 ODP Site 731 Ocean Drilling Program Oceanography 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1989 SN - 0884-5883 ; ST - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.117.1989 VL - 117 ID - 6512 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mineral replacement reactions take place primarily by dissolution-reprecipitation processes. Processes such as cation exchange, chemical weathering, deuteric alteration, leaching, pseudomorphism, metasomatism, diagenesis and metamorphism are all linked by common features in which one mineral or mineral assemblage is replaced by a more stable assemblage. The aim of this paper is to review some of these aspects of mineral replacement and to demonstrate the textural features they have in common, in order to emphasize the similarities in the underlying microscopic mechanisms. The role of volume change and evolution of porosity is explored both from natural microtextures and new experiments on model replacement reactions in simple salts. It is shown that the development of porosity is often a consequence of mineral replacement processes, irrespective of the relative molar volumes of parent and product solid phases. The key issue is the relative solubility of the phases in the fluid phase. Concepts such as coupled dissolution-precipitation, and autocatalysis are important in understanding these processes. Some consequences of porosity generation for metamorphic fluid flow as well as subsequent crystal growth are also discussed. AU - Putnis, A. DO - 10.1180/0026461026650056 IS - 5 PY - 2002 SN - 0026-461X SP - 689–708 ST - Mineral replacement reactions: from macroscopic observations to microscopic mechanisms T2 - Mineralogical Magazine TI - Mineral replacement reactions: from macroscopic observations to microscopic mechanisms UR - https://doi.org/10.1180/0026461026650056 VL - 66 Y2 - 3/17/2021 ID - 11869 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper presents a review of (astrobiochronological) calibration of Recent to late Oligocene calcareous nannofossil datum events. Biohorizons included in the paper are those of the widely used "standard" nannofossil zonations of Martini, E. [1971. Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation. In: Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Planktonic Microfossils Roma. Rome, Ed. Tecnosci. vol. 2, pp. 739-785], and Okada, H., and Bukry, D. [1980. Supplementary Modification and Introduction of Code Numbers to the Low-Latitude Coccolith Biostratigraphy Zonation (Bukry, 1973, 1975). Marine Micropaleontology 51, 321-325], as well as supplementary biohorizons proposed in the literature. The biohorizons have been selected on the basis of the unambiguous taxonomy of the index taxa and their biostratigraphic usefulness. We emphasise the application of rigorous methodology in nannofossil studies which permits an evaluation of biohorizons in terms of reliability, and calibrates their potential correlatability. Astrochronological age estimates rely on the Geologic timescale developed by the ICS in 2004, with some new calibrations included. We provide an overview of the relative position of biohorizons versus the astronomically calibrated ages of magnetic reversals and reference isotope stratigraphies. Surprisingly, there are still few high-resolution quantitative biostratigraphic studies of astrochronologically tuned sections in spite of the central role of such studies in addressing fundamental problems such as the tempo and mode of plankton evolution. Abstract Copyright (2006) Elsevier, B.V. AU - Raffi, Isabella AU - Backman, Jan AU - Fornaciari, Eliana AU - Pälike, Heiko AU - Rio, Domenico AU - Lourens, Lucas AU - Hilgen, Frits IS - 23 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Universita "G. d'Annunzio", Dipartmento di Geotecnologie per l'Ambiente e il Territorio, Chieti Affiliation (monographic): Universita "G. d'Annunzio", Dipartmento di Geotecnologie per l'Ambiente e il Territorio, Chieti, Italy illus., incl. plates, 5 tables, sketch map Contains 119 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Critical Quaternary stratigraphy, edited by James Rose, Chronis Tzedakis and Henry Elderfield. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25(23-24), p.3113-3137. Publisher: Elsevier, International. ISSN: 0277-3791 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands GeoRef ID: 2010003534 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.007 KW - Absolute age Algae Assemblages Benthic taxa Biochronology Biostratigraphy Biozones Calcareous composition Cenozoic Climate change Climate forcing Cores Deep Sea Drilling Project Extinction First occurrence Geochronology Index fossils Lithofacies Marine environment Microfossils Milankovitch theory Nannofossils Neogene Oligocene Orbital forcing Paleoclimatology Paleogene Paleomagnetism Plantae Pliocene Quaternary Reversals Tertiary 03 Geochronology 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PY - 2006 SN - 0277-3791 SP - 3113–3137 ST - A review of calcareous nannofossil astrobiochronology encompassing the past 25 million years T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews TI - A review of calcareous nannofossil astrobiochronology encompassing the past 25 million years UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.007 VL - 25 ID - 6587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary We explore archaeal distributions in sedimentary subseafloor habitats of Guaymas Basin and the adjacent Sonora Margin, located in the Gulf of California, México. Sampling locations include (1) control sediments without hydrothermal or seep influence, (2) Sonora Margin sediments underlying oxygen minimum zone water, (3) compacted, highly reduced sediments from a pressure ridge with numerous seeps at the base of the Sonora Margin, and (4) sediments impacted by hydrothermal circulation at the off-axis Ringvent site. Generally, archaeal communities largely comprise Bathyarchaeal lineages, members of the Hadesarchaea, MBG-D, TMEG, and ANME-1 groups. Variations in archaeal community composition reflect locally specific environmental challenges. Background sediments are divided into surface and subsurface niches. Overall, the environmental setting and history of a particular site, not isolated biogeochemical properties out of context, control the subseafloor archaeal communities in Guaymas Basin and Sonora Margin sediments. AU - Ramírez, Gustavo A. AU - McKay, Luke J. AU - Fields, Matthew W. AU - Buckley, Andrew AU - Mortera, Carlos AU - Hensen, Christian AU - Ravelo, Ana Christina AU - Teske, Andreas P. DA - 2020/09/25/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101459 IS - 9 KW - Earth Sciences Biogeochemistry Microbiology N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004220306519 PY - 2020 SN - 2589-0042 SP - 101459 ST - The Guaymas Basin subseafloor sedimentary archaeome reflects complex environmental histories T2 - iScience TI - The Guaymas Basin subseafloor sedimentary archaeome reflects complex environmental histories UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101459 VL - 23 ID - 6681 ER - TY - BOOK AB - A compilation of thermodynamic and thermophysical tables and charts is presented. Numerical values are cited in both technical and SI units. Solid, liquid, vapor, and gaseous forms of organic and inorganic materials are included. 12 figures, 137 tables. (RWR) AU - Raznjevic, K CY - Washington, DC KW - 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE, GASES, THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, INORGANIC COMPOUNDS, LIQUIDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, SOLIDS, VAPORS, TABLES, FLUIDS, INFORMATION, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, 360000* - Materials PB - Hemisphere Publishing Corporation PY - 1976 SP - Medium: X; Size: Pages: 400 ST - Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables and Charts TI - Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables and Charts ID - 6525 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The goal of the subduction factory project is to obtain a better understanding of processes occurring at convergent margins and performs mass balance calculations for tracer elements. As part of this project, a major objective of ODP Leg 185 is to determine the chemical composition of the inputs to the West Pacific Subduction Factory for use in calculations of elemental mass balance across the subduction zone. To understand such elemental budgets, it is critical to know the lithological diversity and chemical characteristics of the down going oceanic plate. Hole 801C, located ocean-ward of the Mariana island arc system, is the most complete section of old oceanic crust sampled to date but, core recovery in basement holes is often poor (e.g., <30%) resulting in a bias such that the less altered material is preferentially recovered. Integration of drilled cores and downhole wire line logging data was performed to reconstruct a complete section of the drilled basement. Furthermore we integrate gamma ray logging data with the geochemical analyses of recovered cores to estimate the average composition, in terms of potassium and uranium, of the volcanic section in Hole 801C. We used FMS (Formation MicroScanner) images to relocate the samples with respect to the logging depth and to directly compare the logging data and the geochemical data. We demonstrate that the logging tool is well calibrated for K and U in the basement and that differences observed between K2O and U contents measured by the tool and by geochemistry are strongly dependent on the nature of the samples. The average K2O concentration of Hole 801C basement section is 0.34 wt.% using core-derived proportions, 0.51 wt.% using log-derived proportions and 0.47 wt.% using the gamma ray data. In the same manner the average U concentrations are respectively 0.34 ppm, 0.39 ppm and 0.42-0.5 ppm. This implies that K and U budgets recycled in the Mariana subduction zone are 20-50% higher than previously reported. These results demonstrate that a careful core-log-geochemical integration is essential to accurately estimate the composition of a drilled section and in order to better constraint chemical fluxes into subduction zones. AU - Révillon, S. AU - Barr, S. R. AU - Brewer, T. S. AU - Harvey, P. K. AU - Tarney, J. IS - 12 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Leicester, Department of Geology, Leicester Affiliation (monographic): University of Leicester, Department of Geology, Leicester, United Kingdom illus., incl. 3 tables, sketch map Contains 34 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems - G>3`, 3(12), 22p. Publisher: American Geophysical Union and The Geochemical Society, United States. ISSN: 1525-2027 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States GeoRef ID: 2003054996 DOI: 10.1029/2002GC000344 KW - Actinides Alkali metals Basalts Boreholes Cores Crust Gamma-ray methods Hydrothermal alteration Igneous rocks Lava Leg 129 Leg 144 Leg 185 Lithofacies Mariana Islands Mass balance Metals Metasomatism Micronesia ODP Site 801 Ocean Drilling Program Oceania Oceanic crust Pacific Ocean Pillow lava Potassium Sediments Subduction zones Trace elements Uranium Volcanic rocks Well-logging West Pacific 02 Geochemistry 18 Geophysics, Solid-Earth LA - English PY - 2002 SN - 1525-2027 SP - 1–22 ST - An alternative approach using integrated gamma-ray and geochemical data to estimate the inputs to subduction zones from ODP Leg 185, Site 801 T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems TI - An alternative approach using integrated gamma-ray and geochemical data to estimate the inputs to subduction zones from ODP Leg 185, Site 801 UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000344 VL - 3 ID - 6570 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Richter, C. AU - Acton, G. AU - Endris, C. AU - Radsted, M. N1 - This publication is supplemented by International Ocean Discovery Program Paleomagnetism Laboratory User Guides: https://wiki.iodp.tamu.edu/display/LMUG/Paleomagnetism PY - 2007 ST - Handbook for shipboard paleomagnetists T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Handbook for shipboard paleomagnetists UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.34.2007 VL - 34 ID - 6535 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rider, M.H. CY - Houston, TX PB - Gulf Publishing Company PY - 1996 ST - The Geological Interpretation of Well Logs (Second edition) TI - The Geological Interpretation of Well Logs (Second edition) ID - 6834 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Single-cell genomics is a powerful tool for exploring the genetic makeup of environmental microorganisms, the vast majority of which are difficult, if not impossible, to cultivate with current approaches. Here we present a comprehensive protocol for obtaining genomes from uncultivated environmental microbes via high-throughput single-cell isolation by FACS. The protocol encompasses the preservation and pretreatment of differing environmental samples, followed by the physical separation, lysis, whole-genome amplification and 16S rRNA–based identification of individual bacterial and archaeal cells. The described procedure can be performed with standard molecular biology equipment and a FACS machine. It takes <12 h of bench time over a 4-d time period, and it generates up to 1 μg of genomic DNA from an individual microbial cell, which is suitable for downstream applications such as PCR amplification and shotgun sequencing. The completeness of the recovered genomes varies, with an average of ∼50%. AU - Rinke, Christian AU - Lee, Janey AU - Nath, Nandita AU - Goudeau, Danielle AU - Thompson, Brian AU - Poulton, Nicole AU - Dmitrieff, Elizabeth AU - Malmstrom, Rex AU - Stepanauskas, Ramunas AU - Woyke, Tanja DA - 2014/05/01 DO - 10.1038/nprot.2014.067 IS - 5 PY - 2014 SN - 1750-2799 SP - 1038–1048 ST - Obtaining genomes from uncultivated environmental microorganisms using FACS–based single-cell genomics T2 - Nature Protocols TI - Obtaining genomes from uncultivated environmental microorganisms using FACS–based single-cell genomics UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2014.067 VL - 9 ID - 6835 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions occur during burial because sediments contain reactive mixtures of oxidised and reduced components. Diagenetic chemical reactions represent the approach of all sedimentary components toward equilibrium, and control the long-term stability of sedimentary iron-bearing minerals. Magnetic minerals are sensitive indicators of sedimentary redox conditions and of changes in these conditions through time, with diagenetic effects ranging from subtle to pervasive. Despite the importance of magnetic mineral diagenesis in paleomagnetism, rock magnetism, and environmental magnetism, and the usefulness of these subjects in the Earth and environmental sciences, there is no systematic single published treatment of magnetic mineral diagenesis. This paper is an attempt to provide such a treatment for the full range of diagenetic environments. Magnetic mineral diagenesis during early burial is driven largely by chemical changes associated with organic matter degradation in a succession of environments that range from oxic to nitrogenous to manganiferous to ferruginous to sulphidic to methanic, where the free energy yielded by different oxidants decreases progressively in each environment. In oxic environments, the most important diagenetic processes involve surface oxidation of detrital minerals, and precipitation of Fe3+-bearing minerals from solution. In ferruginous environments, the most reactive detrital and authigenic iron oxides undergo dissolution, often mediated by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, which releases Fe2+ that becomes available for other reactions. The Fe2+ in solution can diffuse upward where it is oxidised to form new authigenic iron (oxyhydr-)oxide minerals or it can become bioavailable to enable magnetotactic bacteria to biomineralise magnetite, generally at the base of the overlying nitrogenous zone. Alternatively, dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria can produce extracellular magnetite within ferruginous environments. In sulphidic environments, iron-bearing detrital mineral assemblages undergo more radical alteration. Hydrogen sulphide, which is a byproduct of bacterial sulphate reduction or of anaerobic oxidation of methane, reacts with the Fe2+ released from iron mineral dissolution or directly with solid iron (oxyhydr-)oxide minerals to form iron sulphide minerals (mackinawite, greigite, and pyrite). Authigenic growth of ferrimagnetic greigite has important implications for paleomagnetic recording. Secondary iron sulphide formation can also occur as a result of anaerobic oxidation of methane. Methane migration through sediments in association with biogenic or thermogenic methane production or in association with gas hydrate dissociation can disrupt the diagenetic steady state and give rise to greigite and monoclinic pyrrhotite formation that remagnetises sediments. Most of the above-described diagenetic processes occur below 50°C. With continuing burial above 50°C, but at sub-metamorphic temperatures, magnetic minerals can undergo further thermally-induced chemical changes that give rise to a wide range of mineralogical transformations that affect the magnetic record of the host sediment. These changes include remagnetisations. Magnetic analysis can provide much valuable information concerning diagenesis in environmental processes. The range of processes discussed in this paper should assist researchers in analysing sediment magnetic properties for which the assessment of diagenetic effects has become a necessary component. AU - Roberts, Andrew P. DA - 2015/12/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.09.010 KW - Diagenesis Magnetic minerals Organic carbon Oxidation Nitrate reduction Iron reduction Sulphate reduction Methanogenesis Anaerobic oxidation of methane Remagnetisation PY - 2015 SN - 0012-8252 SP - 1–47 ST - Magnetic mineral diagenesis T2 - Earth-Science Reviews TI - Magnetic mineral diagenesis UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.09.010 VL - 151 ID - 6609 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Detailed magnetostratigraphic studies of Late Neogene siliciclastic sediments of the Awatere Group, South Island, New Zealand (41°45′S, 174°05′E) have revealed a wide range of palaeomagnetic behaviour. Examination of rock magnetic properties was undertaken using conventional palaeomagnetic techniques and thermomagnetic, X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses. These analyses indicate that the ferrimagnetic iron sulphide minerals, greigite and pyrrhotite, are responsible for a stable and intense magnetic remanence in fine-grained sediments, whereas titanomagnetite is the only remanence-bearing mineral identified in coarser-grained sediments, which are less strongly and less stably magnetised than the fine-grained sediments. Detrital titanomagnetite grains are likely to have undergone dissolution during early diagenesis as a result of iron sulphide formation, which occurs commonly in rapidly deposited, anoxic sediments that support active sulphate reduction and H2S formation. Preservation of greigite and pyrrhotite is inferred to result from the arrest of the pyritisation process, probably due to the low permeability of the fine-grained sediments and consumption of available H2S before full reaction to pyrite occurred. Relative palaeomagnetic instability and weak remanence intensities in coarser grained sediments is likely to be due to low titanomagnetite concentrations resulting from titanomagnetite dissolution. AU - Roberts, Andrew P. AU - Turner, Gillian M. DA - 1993/03/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90226-Y IS - 1 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X9390226Y PY - 1993 SN - 0012-821X SP - 257–273 ST - Diagenetic formation of ferrimagnetic iron sulphide minerals in rapidly deposited marine sediments, South Island, New Zealand T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Diagenetic formation of ferrimagnetic iron sulphide minerals in rapidly deposited marine sediments, South Island, New Zealand UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90226-Y VL - 115 ID - 6836 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rothwell, R.G. CY - London PB - Elsevier PY - 1989 ST - Minerals and Mineraloids in Marine Sediments: An Optical Identification Guide TI - Minerals and Mineraloids in Marine Sediments: An Optical Identification Guide UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1133-8 ID - 6837 ER - TY - JOUR AB - MANY crude oil constituents are biodegradable in the presence of oxygen; however, a substantial anaerobic degradation has never been demonstrated1,2. An unusually low content of n-alkanes in oils of certain deposits is commonly attributed to selective utilization of these hydrocarbons by aerobic microorganisms3,4. On the other hand, oil wells and production fluids were shown to harbour anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria5–8, but their actual electron donors and carbon sources were unknown. On the basis of nutritional properties of various bacterial isolates it was assumed that fatty acids and H2 are potential electron donors for sulphate reduction in situ5–8. Here we demonstrate that hydrocarbons in crude oil are used directly by sulphate-reducing bacteria growing under strictly anoxic conditions. A moderately thermophilic pure culture selectively utilizesn-alkanes in oil for sulphate reduction to sulphide. In addition, a mesophilic sulphate-reducing enrichment culture is shown to oxidize alkylbenzenes in oil. Thus, sulphate-reducing bacteria utilizing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as electron donors may present a significant source of sulphide in oil deposits and oil production plants. AU - Rueter, Petra AU - Rabus, Ralf AU - Wilkest, Heinz AU - Aeckersberg, Frank AU - Rainey, Fred A. AU - Jannasch, Holger W. AU - Widdel, Friedrich DA - 1994/12/01 DO - 10.1038/372455a0 IS - 6505 PY - 1994 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 455–458 ST - Anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons in crude oil by new types of sulphate-reducing bacteria T2 - Nature TI - Anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons in crude oil by new types of sulphate-reducing bacteria UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/372455a0 VL - 372 ID - 7031 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Geiger counter determinations of the gamma ray intensity of 510 rock samples have been made to determine the average radioactivity and frequency distribution of radioactivities of the various types of sedimentary rocks. The results, expressed in units of gamma ray intensity, show that limestones, sandstones and dolomites are of relatively low radioactivity, shales much higher, and black bituminous shales highest of all. The new data on the gamma radiation of the sediments may be used to improve the interpretation of radioactivity logs and to determine the value of surface radioactivity surveys. AU - Russell, W. L. DO - https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1445076 IS - 2 PY - 1944 SP - 180–216 ST - The total gamma ray activity of sedimentary rocks as indicated by Geiger counter determinations T2 - Geophysics TI - The total gamma ray activity of sedimentary rocks as indicated by Geiger counter determinations UR - https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1445076 VL - 9 ID - 6526 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Hurst, A., Griffiths, C.M., and Worthington, P.F. (Eds.) AU - Salimullah, A. R. M. AU - Stow, D. A. V. J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Southampton University, Geology Department, Southampton Affiliation (monographic): Southampton University, Geology Department, Southampton, United Kingdom Coordinates: N120546 N215523 E1562136 E1521919; N053000 N350000 E1723000 E1440000; N183831 N183835 E1562136 E1562134 illus. incl. strat. cols., 1 table, sketch map Contains 7 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geological applications of wireline logs; II, edited by A. Hurst, C. M. Griffiths and P. F. Worthington. Geological Society Special Publications, Vol.65, p.71-86. Publisher: Geological Society of London, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 0305-8719. ISBN: 0-903317-80-X Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1993017449 KW - Calibration Central Pacific Cores Electrical logging Formation MicroScanner Instruments Leg 129 Leg 144 ODP Site 801 Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Well-logging 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English PY - 1992 SN - 0305-8719 SP - 71–86 ST - Application of FMS images in poorly recovered coring intervals; examples from ODP Leg 129 SV - Geological Society Special Publication T2 - Geological Applications of Wireline Logs II TI - Application of FMS images in poorly recovered coring intervals; examples from ODP Leg 129 UR - https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.065.01.06 VL - 65 ID - 6571 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Alteration of fresh rock surfaces proceeds very rapidly in most terrestrial environments so that initial stages of modification of newly exposed surfaces are quickly masked by subsequent aqueous weathering processes. The hyper-arid and hypothermal environment of Beacon Valley, Antarctica, is limited in terms of available liquid water and energy available for alteration, which severely slows weathering processes so that the initial stages of alteration can be studied in detail. We report on the nature of initial chemical alteration of the Ferrar Dolerite in Beacon Valley, Antarctica, using a multiplicity of approaches to characterize the process. We suggest that initial chemical alteration is primarily driven by cation migration in response to the oxidizing environment. Morphological studies of altered rock surfaces reveal evidence of small-scale leaching and dissolution patterns as well as physical erosion due to surface weakening. Within the alteration front, mineral structures are largely preserved and alteration is only indicated by discrete zones of discoloration. Mineralogical investigations expose the complexity of the alteration process; visible/ near-infrared reflectance and mid-infrared emission spectroscopy reveal significant variations in mineralogical contributions that are consistent with the introduction of oxide and amorphous phases at the surfaces of the rocks, while X-ray diffraction analyses reveal no definitive changes in mineralogy or material properties. Chemical analyses reveal large-scale trends that are consistent with cation migration and leaching, while small-scale electron microprobe analyses indicate that chemical variations associated with magmatic processes are still largely preserved within the alteration rind. This work confirms the incomplete and immature chemical alteration processes at work in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Liquid water is not a significant contributor to the alteration process at this early stage of rind development, but assists in the removal of alteration products and their local accumulation in the surrounding sediments. These results also suggest that the McMurdo Dry Valleys (and Beacon Valley, in particular) are relevant terrestrial analogs to hyper-arid and hypo-thermal alteration processes that may be dominant on the martian surface. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AN - WOS:000319507900009 AU - Salvatore, M. R. AU - Mustard, J. F. AU - Head, J. W. AU - Cooper, R. F. AU - Marchant, D. R. AU - Wyatt, M. B. DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.002 N1 - Salvatore, M. R. Mustard, J. F. Head, J. W. Cooper, R. F. Marchant, D. R. Wyatt, M. B. 1872-9533 PY - 2013 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 137–161 ST - Development of alteration rinds by oxidative weathering processes in Beacon Valley, Antarctica, and implications for Mars T2 - Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Development of alteration rinds by oxidative weathering processes in Beacon Valley, Antarctica, and implications for Mars UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.002 VL - 115 ID - 10567 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Marine bacterial and archaeal communities control global biogeochemical cycles through nutrient acquisition processes that are ultimately dictated by the metabolic requirements of individual cells. Currently lacking, however, is a sensitive, quick, and quantitative measurement of activity in these single cells. We tested the applicability of copper (I)-catalyzed cycloaddition, or “click,” chemistry to observe and estimate single-cell protein synthesis activity in natural assemblages and isolates of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Incorporation rates of the non-canonical methionine bioortholog L-homopropargylglycine (HPG) were quantified within individual cells by measuring fluorescence of alkyne-conjugated Alexa Fluor®488 using epifluorescence microscopy. The method's high sensitivity, along with a conversion factor derived from two Alteromonas spp. isolates, revealed a broad range of cell-specific protein synthesis within natural microbial populations. Comparison with 35S-methionine microautoradiography showed that a large fraction of the natural marine bacterial assemblage (15–100%), previously considered inactive by autoradiography, were actively synthesizing protein. Data pooled from 21 samples showed that cell-specific activity scaled logarithmically with cell volume. Activity distributions of each sample were fit to power-law functions, providing an illustrative and quantitative comparison of assemblages that demonstrate individual protein synthesis rates were commonly partitioned between cells in low- and high-metabolic states in our samples. The HPG method offers a simple approach to link individual cell physiology to the ecology and biogeochemistry of bacterial (micro)environments in the ocean. AD - Dr Ty J. Samo,Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California,San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,tsamo@hawaii.edu AU - Samo, Ty J. AU - Smriga, Steven AU - Malfatti, Francesca AU - Sherwood, Byron P. AU - Azam, Farooq DA - 2014-October-10 DO - 10.3389/fmars.2014.00048 KW - marine bacteria,Microscopy,Click Chemistry,HPG,single-cell protein synthesis,Ecology,Oceanography,biogeochemistry LA - English M3 - Original Research N1 - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2014.00048 PY - 2014 SN - 2296-7745 SP - 48 ST - Single-cell marine bacterial protein synthesis rates enabled by click chemistry T2 - Frontiers in Marine Science TI - Broad distribution and high proportion of protein synthesis active marine bacteria revealed by click chemistry at the single cell level UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2014.00048 VL - 1 ID - 6838 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anhand raster-elektronenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen wurden biometrische Unter-suchungen an Coccolithen der GattungGephyrocapsa aus dem Neogen des N-Atlantiks durchgeführt und brachten folgende Ergebnisse: Zur Fassung und Abgrenzung vonGephyrocapsa-arten eignen sich vor allem die Merkmale Coccolithen-größe, BrÜckenwinkel, Rundung und Porenweite, die untereinander nicht korreliert sind und biometrisch leicht erfaßt werden können. Die Entwicklung dieser Merkmale erlaubt die Rekonstruktion derGephyrocapsa-Evolution im Pliozän und Quartär und eine systematische Revision dieser Gattung. AU - Samtleben, Christian DA - 1980/06/01 DO - 10.1007/BF02985885 IS - 1 PY - 1980 SN - 1236-9874 SP - 91–127 ST - Die Evolution der Coccolithophoriden-Gattung Gephyrocapsa nach Befunden im Atlantik T2 - Paläontologische Zeitschrift TI - Die Evolution der Coccolithophoriden-Gattung Gephyrocapsa nach Befunden im Atlantik UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985885 VL - 54 ID - 6839 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al. AU - Saunders, Andrew D. AU - Fornari, Daniel J. AU - Joron, Jean-Louis AU - Tarney, John AU - Treuil, Michel CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Bedford Coll., Dep. Geol., London Affiliation (monographic): Bedford Coll., Dep. Geol., London, United Kingdom Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 21 tables, strat. cols., sketch map Contains 83 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.595-642. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011102 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.112.1982 KW - Basalts Chemical composition Crust DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 475 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diabase Diorites East Pacific East Pacific Rise Gabbros Geochemistry Granites Granodiorites Guaymas Basin Gulf of California IPOD Igneous rocks Leg 64 Mantle N-type mantle North Pacific Northeast Pacific Pacific Ocean Pacific-type mantle Petrology Plutonic rocks Rifting Tectonophysics Tortuga Island Trace elements Ultramafics Volcanic rocks 02 Geochemistry LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 595–642 ST - Geochemistry of basic igneous rocks, Gulf of California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 64 T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Geochemistry of basic igneous rocks, Gulf of California, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 64 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.112.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6693 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction, thermal and isotopic analyses, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electron spin resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and demineralizing techniques have been used to evaluate the effect of a small igneous intrusion on Rundle oil shale. Each set of results contributes to an overall appreciation of how in situ pyrolysis of a highly aliphatic kerogen occurs. As in previous studies, application of a range of methods gives a better understanding than any of the techniques on its own. Significant conclusions are as follows: (1) the shale samples closest to the intrusion contain the least organic matter; (2) a “micro-reservoir” for expelled volatiles was identified ∼ 1 m below the intrusion; (3) the hydrogen-deficient carbonaceous residue remaining close to the intrusion produces no oil on further heating; and (4) the major effect of the intrusive event was the in situ pyrolysis of the oil shale, the severity of alteration decreasing with distance from the contact. AU - Saxby, J. D. AU - Stephenson, L. C. DA - 1987/07/10/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90068-4 IS - 1 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009254187900684 PY - 1987 SN - 0009-2541 SP - 1–16 ST - Effect of anigneous intrusion on oil shale at Rundle (Australia) T2 - Chemical Geology TI - Effect of anigneous intrusion on oil shale at Rundle (Australia) UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90068-4 VL - 63 ID - 7032 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Schlumberger CY - Houston PB - Schlumberger Education Services PY - 1989 ST - Log Interpretation Principles/Applications, SMP-7017 TI - Log Interpretation Principles/Applications, SMP-7017 ID - 6840 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Zachariasse, W.J., Riedel, W.R., Sanfilippo, A., Schmidt, R.R., Brolsma, M.J., Schrader, H.J., Gersonde, R., Drooger, M.M., and Broekman, J.A. (Eds.) AU - Schrader, H. AU - Gersonde, R. PY - 1978 SP - 129–176 ST - Diatoms and silicoflagellates SV - Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin T2 - Micropaleontological counting methods and techniques: an exercise on an eight metres section of the lower Pliocene of Capo Rossello, Sicily TI - Diatoms and silicoflagellates VL - 17 ID - 6841 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Kulm, L. D., von Huene, R., et al. AU - Schrader, Hans-Joachim CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Kiel, Geol. Paleontol. Inst. Mus., Kiel Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Kiel, Geol. Paleontol. Inst. Mus., Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany Coordinates: N313213 N575200 W1243700 W1484326 illus. incl. 10 tables, 26 plates, strat. cols. Contains 158 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, covering Leg 18 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Honolulu, Hawaii to Kodiak, Alaska May-July 1971, La Verne D. Kulm, Roland von Huene, John R. Duncan, James C. Ingle, Jr., Stanley A. Kling, David J. W. Piper, Richard M. Pratt, Hans-Joachim Schrader, Sherwood W. Wise, Jr., Lillian F. Musich and Oscar E. Weser. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol.18, p.673-797. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983028230 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.18.117.1973 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Cenozoic DSDP Site 172 DSDP Site 173 DSDP Site 174 DSDP Site 175 DSDP Site 176 DSDP Site 177 DSDP Site 178 DSDP Site 179 DSDP Site 180 DSDP Site 181 DSDP Site 182 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diatoms East Pacific Faunal studies Leg 18 Microfossils North American Pacific North Pacific Northeast Pacific Pacific Ocean Paleoclimatology Paleontology Plantae Stratigraphy Thallophytes 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1973 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 673–797 ST - Cenozoic diatoms from the Northwest Pacific, Leg 18 T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Cenozoic diatoms from the Northwest Pacific, Leg 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.18.117.1973 VL - 18 ID - 6575 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Fisher, R. L., Bunce, E. T., et al., AU - Schrader, H. J. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Kiel, Geol. Palaeontol. Inst. und Mus., @DEU Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Kiel, Geol. Palaeontol. Inst. und Mus., Federal Republic of Germany Coordinates: S200000 N090000 E1030000 E0860000; N060000 N220000 E0730000 E0380000; S120000 N150000 E0710000 E0480000 illus. incl. charts, plates, sketch maps Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol.24, p.887-967. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1976006197 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.122.1974 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Cenozoic Central Chemically precipitated rocks Chert Clastic rocks Deep Sea Drilling Project Depositional environment Diatomite Diatoms Discoasteridae Ethmodiscus Fossilization Genesis Indian Ocean Leg 22 Leg 23 Leg 24 Lithification Marine geology Microfossils Miocene Nannofossils Neogene New taxa Occurrence Paleoecology Paleomagnetism Plantae Quaternary Roperia Sedimentary rocks Selective Solution Stratigraphic boundary Stratigraphy Tertiary Thalassiosira Thalassiothrix Thallophytes Zoning 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1974 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 887–967 ST - Cenozoic marine planktonic diatom stratigraphy of the tropical Indian Ocean T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Cenozoic marine planktonic diatom stratigraphy of the tropical Indian Ocean UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.24.122.1974 VL - 24 ID - 6576 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phosphorite deposits in marine sediments are a long-term sink for an essential nutrient, phosphorus. Here we show that apatite abundance in sediments on the Namibian shelf correlates with the abundance and activity of the giant sulfur bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis, which suggests that sulfur bacteria drive phosphogenesis. Sediments populated by Thiomargarita showed sharp peaks of pore water phosphate (≤300 micromolar) and massive phosphorite accumulations (≥50 grams of phosphorus per kilogram). Laboratory experiments revealed that under anoxic conditions, Thiomargarita released enough phosphate to account for the precipitation of hydroxyapatite observed in the environment. AU - Schulz, Heide N. AU - Schulz, Horst D. DO - 10.1126/science.1103096 IS - 5708 N1 - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/307/5708/416.full.pdf PY - 2005 SP - 416–418 ST - Large sulfur bacteria and the formation of phosphorite T2 - Science TI - Large sulfur bacteria and the formation of phosphorite UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103096 VL - 307 ID - 6722 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Organic-rich diatomaceous ooze was reacted with sea water at 200 and 300°C, 500 bars, and an initial fluid/sediment mass ratio of 4 to evaluate the role of organic matter in sediment alteration processes at elevated temperatures and pressures. Decomposition of organic matter during the early stages of reaction dominated alteration and resulted in increased dissolved CO2, Corganic, NH4+ and H2S. Car☐ylic acids were identified as reaction intermediaries during the transformation of organic matter to CH4 and CO2. Extensive SO42− reduction was observed at 300°C, but not at 200°C. Sediment alteration at 300°C resulted in recrystallization of calcic plagioclase and diatoms to an assemblage containing albite, pyrrohotite and quartz, in addition to minor anhydrite and Mg-smectite. In contrast, sediment alteration at 200°C resulted in only minor anhydrite and Mg-smectite formation, and there was no indication of recrystallization of diatoms to quartz. Rapid Mg-fixation during the early stages of alteration resulted in the complete removal of Mg from solution at 300°C and partial removal at 200°C. Production of acidity associated with Mg metasomatism was efficiently titrated by thermolytic and oxidative degradation of organic matter resulting in conspicuously low dissolved metal concentrations during the experiments. In the later stages of sediment alteration at 300°C, albitization of calcic plagioclase caused the continuous release of Ca to solution, while at 200°C fluid chemistry remained relatively constant. Speciation calculations for the 300°C experiment indicate an in-situ pH of 5.11 and a highly reduced redox state likely controlled by organic matter decomposition. Experimental results permit us to evaluate fluid-mineral equilibria in complex fluids containing high concentrations of dissolved organic species, CO2 and H2S, and constrain better alteration processes in sub-sea floor hydrothermal systems at sediment-covered spreading centers, such as the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. AU - Seewald, Jeffrey S. AU - Seyfried, William E. AU - Thornton, Edward C. DA - 1990/01/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90048-A IS - 1 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/088329279090048A PY - 1990 SN - 0883-2927 SP - 193–209 ST - Organic-rich sediment alteration: an experimental and theoretical study at elevated temperatures and pressures T2 - Applied Geochemistry TI - Organic-rich sediment alteration: an experimental and theoretical study at elevated temperatures and pressures UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(90)90048-A VL - 5 ID - 7033 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Large reservoirs of natural gas in the oceanic subsurface sustain complex communities of anaerobic microbes, including archaeal lineages with potential to mediate oxidation of hydrocarbons such as methane and butane. Here we describe a previously unknown archaeal phylum, Helarchaeota, belonging to the Asgard superphylum and with the potential for hydrocarbon oxidation. We reconstruct Helarchaeota genomes from metagenomic data derived from hydrothermal deep-sea sediments in the hydrocarbon-rich Guaymas Basin. The genomes encode methyl-CoM reductase-like enzymes that are similar to those found in butane-oxidizing archaea, as well as several enzymes potentially involved in alkyl-CoA oxidation and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. We suggest that members of the Helarchaeota have the potential to activate and subsequently anaerobically oxidize hydrothermally generated short-chain hydrocarbons. AU - Seitz, Kiley W. AU - Dombrowski, Nina AU - Eme, Laura AU - Spang, Anja AU - Lombard, Jonathan AU - Sieber, Jessica R. AU - Teske, Andreas P. AU - Ettema, Thijs J. G. AU - Baker, Brett J. DA - 2019/04/23 DO - 10.1038/s41467-019-09364-x IS - 1 PY - 2019 SN - 2041-1723 SP - 1822 ST - Asgard archaea capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon cycling T2 - Nature Communications TI - Asgard archaea capable of anaerobic hydrocarbon cycling UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09364-x VL - 10 ID - 7054 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Karoo Large Igneous Province (K-LIP) is considered to have substantially influenced global warming, marine anoxia, and concomitant marine extinction in the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic). The sequence and duration of these events has been uncertain thus precluding direct comparison between sedimentary successions and the K-LIP. Two relatively narrow time intervals of the Early Toarcian, one approximately within the lower portion of the H. falciferum ammonite zone and the other near the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary (PL–TO-B), have received much attention because they are associated with carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) and marine extinctions. Potential causal mechanisms have been proposed, such as the release of massive amounts of carbon to the atmosphere via a catastrophic magmatic intrusive episode related to the K-LIP. Here we test the timing with four new high-precision (CA-ID-TIMS) U–Pb zircon ages from the Toarcian stage, collected from tephra interstratified with ammonite-bearing carbonates in southernmost Peru. We also present new U–Pb zircon and baddeleyite data from three sills and one rhyolite of the K-LIP in South Africa. Our new data permit a substantial reinterpretation of the Toarcian timescale: The Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary (PL–TO-B), a prominent global extinction level, must be older than 183.5 Ma on the basis of our oldest tephra. The H. falciferum CIE (equivalent to the so-called Toarcian oceanic anoxic event) is bracketed by two ash-fall bed dates between 183.22±0.26 and 181.99±0.13 Ma (all 2σ analytical and tracer errors); the CIE duration is estimated at approximately 300 ka on the basis of minimum error interpolation of ammonite zone boundaries. The base of the H. falciferum CIE appears to correlate in time with the onset K-LIP sill emplacement dated by the oldest sill at 183.014±0.072 Ma. However, sill emplacement appears to have lasted for a minimum of 2 million years, at least until 181.31±0.19 Ma, which is in disagreement with a short duration of the H. falciferum negative CIE. Furthermore, our data suggest that the timing of the main volume of the K-LIP may have been approximately 4–5 Ma. This prolonged and possibly pulsed magmatic activity of the K-LIP may be correlated with extinction pulses and climate changes in the Middle and Late Toarcian Stage, each event occurring within a unique set of global environmental conditions. AU - Sell, Bryan AU - Ovtcharova, Maria AU - Guex, Jean AU - Bartolini, Annachiara AU - Jourdan, Fred AU - Spangenberg, Jorge E. AU - Vicente, Jean-Claude AU - Schaltegger, Urs DA - 2014/12/15/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.008 KW - Toarcian oceanic anoxic event U–Pb zircon baddeleyite Karoo large igneous province sill N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14006293 PY - 2014 SN - 0012-821X SP - 48–56 ST - Evaluating the temporal link between the Karoo LIP and climatic–biologic events of the Toarcian stage with high-precision U–Pb geochronology T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Evaluating the temporal link between the Karoo LIP and climatic–biologic events of the Toarcian stage with high-precision U–Pb geochronology UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.008 VL - 408 ID - 7055 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Following a canvassing of sedimentationists an attempt is made to standardize nomenclature of sediment types relative to sand, silt, and clay content. A triangle diagram with boundaries between types, which met with general approval, is submitted and compared with other systems which have been used for the purpose. The new system uses old well established names and has a simplicity and symmetry which make it easily remembered. The boundaries appear to be well located for description of sediments such as those that have been analyzed in large volume from the investigations of the northern Gulf of Mexico (API Project 51), but it is inadequate in describing well sorted sediments with median diameters near the boundaries of sand and silt or silt and clay. The nomenclature suggested applies only to sediment grade sizes so that other names should be used depending on other characteristics of the sediments. Furthermore, the nomenclature should not be applied to sediments containing large percentages of gravel. AU - Shepard, Francis Parker DO - 10.1306/d4269774-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d IS - 3 PY - 1954 SN - 1527-1404 SP - 151–158 ST - Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios T2 - Journal of Sedimentary Research TI - Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios UR - https://doi.org/10.1306/D4269774-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D VL - 24 Y2 - 1/21/2021 ID - 6842 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plots of Ti vs. V for many modern volcanic rock associations are diagnostic of tectonic setting and can be used to determine possible tectonic settings of ophiolites as well. The basis of this plot is the variation in the crystal/liquid partition coefficients for vanadium, which range with increasing oxygen fugacity from > 1 to ≪ 1. Since the partition coefficients for Ti are almost always ≪ 1, the depletion of V relative to Ti is a function of the fO2 of the magma and its source, the degree of partial melting, and subsequent fractional crystallization. Volcanic rocksfrom modern island arcs have Ti/V ratios of ⩽20, except for calc-alkaline volcanics which show the effects of magnetite fractionation. MORB and continental flood basalts have Ti/V ratios of about 20–50 and alkaline rocks have Ti/V generally >50. Back-arc basinbasalts may have either arc-like or MORB-like Ti/V ratios, and sample suites from single back-arc basins may have Ti/V ratios ranging from 10 to 50. This range in Ti/V ratios in samples from a restricted geographical area may be diagnostic of the back-arc setting. The Ti/V plot is applied here to published data on ophiolites from a variety of postulated settings and in general supports the conclusions of previous investigators. Ophiolites from the western Mediterranean (Corsica, northern Apennines) and the “lower” Karmoy volcanics have Ti/V trends similar to MORB; the “upper” Karmo'y volcanics have alkaline Ti/V ratios. Lavas and tonalites in the Papuan ultramafic belt, the high-Mg andesites of Cape Vogel, and the upper pillow lavas at Troodos all have Ti/V ratios < 20, consistent with formation in an island arc setting. More specific evaluation of the tectonic setting of these and otherophiolites requires application of detailed geologic and petrologic data as well as geochemistry. The Ti/V discrimination diagram, however, is a potentially powerful adjunct to these techniques. AU - Shervais, John W. DA - 1982/06/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90120-0 IS - 1 PY - 1982 SN - 0012-821X SP - 101–118 ST - Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90120-0 VL - 59 ID - 6527 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D.G., et al. AU - Shipboard Scientific Party CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Geol. Res. Div., La Jolla, CA Affiliation (monographic): Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Geol. Res. Div., La Jolla, CA, United States Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 16 tables, 41 plates, strat. cols., sects., sketch maps Contains 27 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico, to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 1, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Gerhard Einsele, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(1), p.211-415. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011092 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.104.1982 KW - Algae Biostratigraphy Carbon Cenozoic Composition DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diabase Diatoms East Pacific Foraminifera Geochemistry Geophysical methods Geophysical surveys Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Heat flow IPOD Igneous rocks Intrusions Invertebrata Leg 64 Marine geology Marine sediments Microfossils Nannofossils North Pacific Northeast Pacific Oceanography Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrology Plantae Plate tectonics Plutonic rocks Protista Quaternary Radiolaria Sediments Seismic methods Sills Surveys Tectonophysics Thallophytes Turbidite 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English N1 - Curray, Joseph R. Moore, David G. Aguayo, J. Eduardo Aubry, Marie-Pierre Einsele, Gerhard Fornari, Daniel J. Gieskes, Joris Guerrero-Garcia, José Kastner, Miriam Kelts, Kerry Lyle, Mitchell Matoba, Yasumochi Molina-Cruz, Adolfo Niemitz, Jeffrey Rueda-Gaxiola, Jaime Saunders, Andrew D. PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 211–415 ST - Guaymas Basin: Sites 477, 478, and 481 T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Guaymas Basin: Sites 477, 478, and 481 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.104.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6669 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Westbrook, G.K., Carson, B., Musgrave, R.J., et al. AU - Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1994 ST - Explanatory notes T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Explanatory notes UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.146-1.005.1994 VL - 146 (Part 1) ID - 6843 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Fouquet, Y., Zierenberg, R.A., Miller, D.J., et al. AU - Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1998 ST - Explanatory Notes T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Explanatory Notes UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.169.102.1998 VL - 169 ID - 6844 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Binns, R.A., Barriga, F.J.A.S., Miller, D.J., et al. AU - Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2000 ST - Explanatory notes T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Explanatory notes UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.193.102.2002 VL - 193 ID - 6845 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Wilson, D.S., Teagle, D.A.H., Acton, G.D., et al. AU - Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2003 ST - Explanatory notes T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Explanatory notes UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.206.102.2003 VL - 206 ID - 6847 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Kelemen, P.B., Kikawa, E., Miller, D.J., et al. AU - Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 2004 ST - Explanatory notes T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Explanatory notes UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.209.102.2004 VL - 209 ID - 6848 ER - TY - JOUR AB - From 2002 through 2004, time-series sediment trap samples were collected from a depth of 410m in Cuenca Alfonso, Bahía de La Paz, on the SW coast of the Gulf of California. The instrument recorded the impact of the local passage of hurricanes “Ignacio” (24–26 August) and “Marty” (21–23 September) in 2003. These two events accounted for 82% of the total rainfall measured in 2003, equivalent to the annual average precipitation in years without hurricanes. Mean total mass fluxes (TMFs) of 2.88 and 3.58gm−2d−1 were measured during the week of each hurricane as well as the following week. This may have been enough to produce a lamina in the underlying sediment with characteristics peculiar to such events. The terrigenous component was particularly abundant, with notably higher concentrations of Fe, Sc, Co and Cs and REEs. In contrast, TMFs throughout 2002–2004 (excluding the hurricane periods) averaged only 0.73gm−2d−1 and had a larger marine biogenic component. The extraordinary elemental fluxes during the 29 days of hurricane-influenced sedimentation represented a great proportion of the totals over an entire “normal” year: Co (67.8%) >Sc (62.6) >Fe (59.6) >Cs (53.4)>Lu (51.5)>La (51.3)>Yb (51.0)>Ce (49.5) >Tb (48.4) >Sm (44.7)>Cr (36.5) >Ca (31.0)>Eu (25.4%). The terrigenous fraction was calculated using (a) TMF minus the sum of CaCO3, biogenic silica and organic matter and (b) the ratio of Sc in the trap samples to the average in the Earth's crust. The latter was consistently smaller, but the two methods offered similar results following hurricanes (78% vs. 63%, respectively). For normal sedimentation, however, the difference method yielded values twice as large as the Sc method (58% vs. 30%) This suggests that the mineralogy of the terrigenous fraction may also vary, with unsorted dessert soil being carried to sea by the powerful flash floods associated with hurricanes. Eolian supply of particles, particularly Sc-free quartz grains, possibly from beyond the limited fluvial drainage basin, apparently dominates normal sedimentation. AU - Silverberg, Norman AU - Shumilin, Evgueni AU - Aguirre-Bahena, Fernando AU - Rodríguez-Castañeda, Ana Patricia AU - Sapozhnikov, Dmitry DA - 2007/11/15/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.06.016 IS - 19 KW - Sediment traps Major and trace particulate metal fluxes “Marty” “Ignacio” Alfonso Basin Mexico Baja California Sur N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434307001999 PY - 2007 SN - 0278-4343 SP - 2513–2522 ST - The impact of hurricanes on sedimenting particulate matter in the semi-arid Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California T2 - Continental Shelf Research TI - The impact of hurricanes on sedimenting particulate matter in the semi-arid Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.06.016 VL - 27 ID - 6713 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J. R., Moore, D. G., et al., AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. AU - Bode, G. R. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA, United States Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 1 table Contains 2 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.1303-1305. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011161 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.app2.1982 KW - Calcium carbonate Carbon DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 475 DSDP Site 476 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 479 DSDP Site 480 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Geochemistry Gulf of California IPOD Leg 64 Marine sediments Nitrogen North Pacific Northeast Pacific Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Sediments 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 1303–1305 ST - Appendix II: carbon/carbonate and nitrogen analyses, Leg 64, Gulf of California T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - Appendix II: carbon/carbonate and nitrogen analyses, Leg 64, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.app2.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6688 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simoneit, B. R. T. AU - Brenner, S. AU - Peters, K. E. AU - Kaplan, I. R. IS - 5663 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys.@Los Angeles, Calif.@USA, United States Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, Calif., United States Coordinates: N173015 N173030 W0212100 W0212115 illus. incl. table Contains 25 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Nature (London), 273(5663), p.501-504. Publisher: Macmillan Journals, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 0028-0836 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1978026670 KW - Alteration Atlantic Ocean Black shale Clastic rocks DSDP Site 368 Data Deep Sea Drilling Project Diabase Fatty acids Geochemistry Igneous rocks Intrusions Kerogen Leg 41 Lipids Metamorphism North Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Organic acids Organic compounds Organic materials Plutonic rocks Sedimentary rocks Sills Thermal metamorphism 02 Geochemistry LA - English PY - 1978 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 501–504 ST - Thermal alteration of Cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrusions in the eastern Atlantic T2 - Nature TI - Thermal alteration of Cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrusions in the eastern Atlantic UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/273501a0 VL - 273 ID - 6698 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The thermal effects of three Miocene diabase intrusions on Cretaceous black shales from DSDP site 41-368 have been analysed. A concentration gradient was observed, especially for the hydrocarbons, decreasing towards the major intrusion and between the three sills. The thermally-altered samples in the proximity of and between the sill contained elemental S and an excess of thermally-derived pristane over phytane, whereas, the unaltered sediments contained no elemental S, and more phytane than pristane. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with low alkyl substitution and S and O heterocyclic aromatic compounds were derived from pyrolytic reactions during the thermal event. Kerogen was isolated from all of these samples, but only traces of humic substances were present. The H/C, N/C, delta 13C, delta 34S and delta D all exhibit the expected effects of thermal stress. There kerogen becomes more aromatized and richer in 13C, 34S and D in the proximity of and between the sills. Maturation trends were also measured by the vitrinite reflectance and electron spin resonance, where the thermal stress could be correlated with an elevated country rock T and an increased degree of aromaticity. The effects of in situ thermal stress on the organic-rich shales resulted in the generation and expulsion of petroliferous material from the vicinity of the sills. AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. AU - Brenner, S. AU - Peters, K. E. AU - Kaplan, I. R. IS - 9 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA 90024 Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States Coordinates: N173026 N173026 W0212114 W0212114 illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map Contains 2 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45(9), p.1581-1602. Publisher: Pergamon, Oxford, International. ISSN: 0016-7037 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom, Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique GeoRef ID: 1983002091 DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(81)90287-8 KW - Alteration Atlantic Ocean Bitumens Black shale C-13/C-12 Cape Verde Atlantic Carbon Cenozoic Clastic rocks Cretaceous D/H DSDP Site 368 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diabase Economic geology Geochemistry Hydrocarbons Hydrogen Igneous rocks Intrusions Isotopes Kerogen Leg 41 Mesozoic Miocene Neogene Organic compounds Organic materials Petrology Plutonic rocks S-34/S-32 Sedimentary rocks Sills Stable isotopes Stratigraphy Sulfur Tertiary Thermal alteration 02 Geochemistry LA - English PY - 1981 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 1581–1602 ST - Thermal alteration of Cretaceous black shale by diabase intrusions in the eastern Atlantic—II. Effects on bitumen and kerogen T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Thermal alteration of Cretaceous black shale by diabase intrusions in the eastern Atlantic—II. Effects on bitumen and kerogen UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90287-8 VL - 45 ID - 6699 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Petroleum dredged from an active hydrothermal mound area in the southern rift of Guaymas basin, Gulf of California, is composed of gasoline-range aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and predominantly residual polar asphaltic material. The overall composition data indicate an origin from biological detritus by thermal alteration and rapid quenching by hydrothermal removal, followed by condensation at the seabed. AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. AU - Lonsdale, Peter F. IS - 5846 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA 90024 Affiliation (monographic): Univ. Calif., Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States Coordinates: N270151 N270151 W1112401 W1112401 illus. incl. table Contains 24 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Nature (London), 295(5846), p.198-202. Publisher: Macmillan Journals, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 0028-0836 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom, Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique GeoRef ID: 1983040899 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbons DSDP Site 477 Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Economic geology Energy sources Environment Genesis Geochemistry Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Hydrocarbons Hydrothermal conditions IPOD Leg 64 Marine environment Marine sediments North Pacific Northeast Pacific Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Sedimentary petrology Sedimentation Sediments 02 Geochemistry LA - English PY - 1982 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 198–202 ST - Hydrothermal petroleum in mineralized mounds at the seabed of Guaymas Basin T2 - Nature TI - Hydrothermal petroleum in mineralized mounds at the seabed of Guaymas Basin UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/295198a0 VL - 295 ID - 6696 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, D.C. AU - Spivack, A. J. AU - Fisk, M.R. AU - Haveman, S.A. AU - Staudigel, H. AU - the Leg 185 Shipboard Scientific Party N1 - http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_ir/TECHNOTE/TNOTE_28.PDF PY - 2000 ST - Methods for quantifying potential microbial contamination during deep ocean coring T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Methods for quantifying potential microbial contamination during deep ocean coring UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.28.2000 VL - 28 ID - 6849 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Myhre, A.M., Thiede, Jorn, Firth, J. V., et. al AU - Stein, Ruediger AU - Brass, Garrett W. AU - Graham, Dennis AU - Pimmel, Anne AU - the Shipboard Scientific Party CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaver Affiliation (monographic): Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaver, Federal Republic of Germany Coordinates: N780000 N820000 E0090000 E0010000 illus., incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; initial reports; North Atlantic-Arctic gateways I; covering Leg 151 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, St. John's Harbor, Newfoundland, to Reykjavik, Iceland, sites 907-913, 24 July-24 September 1993, Annik M. Myhre, Jörn Thiede, John V. Firth, Naokazu Ahagon, Kevin S. Black, Jan Bloemendal, Garrett W. Brass, James F. Bristow, Nancy Chow, Michel Cremer, Linda Davis, Benjamin Flower, Torben Fronval, Julie Hood, Donna Hull, Nalan Koc, Birger Larsen, Mitchell W. Lyle, Jerry McManus, Suzanne O'Connell, Lisa Ellen Osterman, Frank R. Rack, Tokiyuki Sato, Reed P. Scherer, Dorothee Spiegler, Ruediger Stein, Mark Tadross, Stephen Wells, David Williamson, Bill Witte, Thomas Wolf-Welling and Jennifer A. Marin. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Part A: Initial Reports, Vol.151, p.385-395. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5883 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1997011921 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.ir.151.112.1995 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Arctic Ocean Diagenesis Ethane Fram Strait Gas hydrates Gases Geochemistry Greenland Sea Hydrocarbons Icelandic Plateau Leg 151 Marine sediments Methane Monitoring Norwegian Sea Ocean Drilling Program Organic compounds Organic materials Paleoenvironment Pollutants Pollution Propane Pyrolysis Sediments Yermak Plateau 02 Geochemistry 22 Environmental Geology LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1995 SN - 0884-5883 SP - 385–395 ST - Hydrocarbon measurements at Arctic Gateways sites (ODP Leg 151) T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Hydrocarbon measurements at Arctic Gateways sites (ODP Leg 151) UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.151.112.1995 VL - 151 ID - 6560 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Active microplate boundaries in ocean-continent subduction zones may induce deformation of the overlying plate and spatial or geochemical variations in the volcanic arc. We discuss two modern cases. The first is the South Gorda-Juan de Fuca plate boundary in the Cascadia subduction zone, where there is little or no effect on the overriding plate and the oceanic plate takes up much of the deformation. The second case is the Cocos-Rivera plate boundary in the Middle America trench, where the overlying Colima graben contains substantial deformation in a zone extending from the trench to the volcanic arc and the sub-duction-related volcanism is spatially and geochemically complex. We apply these observations to boundaries of the Arguello, Monterey, Guadalupe, and Magdalena microplates, which existed in the subduction zone west of Baja California at various times from 20 to 12.5 Ma. The past positions of these boundaries relative to Baja California are constrained by global plate reconstructions, closure of the Gulf of California, and an estimate of extension in the Mexican Basin and Range province. Existing regional mapping and our additional reconnaissance mapping show that Paleocene to Eocene fluvial and marine sedimentary rocks south of Ensenada along the western Baja California peninsula and eastward to the mid-Miocene volcanic arc are undeformed. Limited available data reveal no major spatial or geochemical variations in the mid-Miocene volcanic arc that might correlate with the past positions of the microplate boundaries. Thus these microplate boundaries had little to no effect on the overriding continental plate. The nature of Guadalupe and Magdalena interactions with North America may have been closer to the South Gorda-Juan de Fuca example, with possible internal deformation of the microplates. The Monterey and Arguello microplates may have behaved like the modern Explorer plate, with largely strike-slip motion relative to North America during their last stages of existence. Tectonic patterns similar to these examples may be expected from other plate boundaries where a plate is fragmenting as it enters a subduction zone (e.g., the Aluk plate in the trench beneath West Antarctica in early Tertiary time). Whether these microplates subsequently become attached to the overriding continental plate or to a larger oceanic plate and whether this causes deformation in the region of the former subduction zone may depend on the velocities of the nearby major plates and the relative orientations of the microplate boundaries. AU - Stock, Joann M. AU - Lee, Jeffrey DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC01808 IS - 6 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/94TC01808 PY - 1994 SN - 0278-7407 SP - 1472–1487 ST - Do microplates in subduction zones leave a geological record? T2 - Tectonics TI - Do microplates in subduction zones leave a geological record? UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC01808 VL - 13 ID - 7056 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stokking, L., Musgrave, R., Bontempo, D., Autio, W., Rabinowitz, P.D., Baldauf, J., and Francis, T.J.G. N1 - This publication has been superseded by ODP Technical Note 34: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/tnotes/tn34/INDEX.HTM PY - 1993 ST - Handbook for Shipboard Paleomagnetists T2 - Ocean Drilling Program Technical Note TI - Handbook for Shipboard Paleomagnetists UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.tn.18.1993 VL - 18 ID - 6850 ER - TY - THES AU - Su, Xin CY - Kiel, Germany KW - Algae Assemblages Atlantic Ocean Bioclastic sedimentation Biogeography Biologic evolution Cenozoic Climate change Coccolithophoraceae DSDP Site 608 DSDP Site 609 DSDP Site 610 Deep Sea Drilling Project Geochemistry IPOD Isotope ratios Isotopes Latitude Leg 108 Leg 94 Marine environment Nannofossils North Atlantic Northeast Atlantic O-18/O-16 ODP Site 659 ODP Site 664 Ocean Drilling Program Oxygen Paleoclimatology Paleoecology Plantae Quaternary Sedimentation Sedimentation rates Stable isotopes Tertiary Upper Tertiary 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English M3 - PhD dissertation PB - Christian-Albrechts-Universitä PY - 1996 ST - Development of late Tertiary and Quaternary coccolith assemblages in the Northeast Atlantic T2 - Geomar Report TI - Development of late Tertiary and Quaternary coccolith assemblages in the Northeast Atlantic UR - https://doi.org/10.3289/GEOMAR_Report_48_1996 ID - 6578 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Sun, Z., Jian, Z., Stock, J.M., Larsen, H.C., Klaus, A., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 367/368 Scientists AU - Sun, Zhen AU - Jian, Zhimin AU - Stock, Joann M. AU - Larsen, Hans Christian AU - Klaus, Adam AU - Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos A. AU - Boaga, Jacopo AU - Bowden, Stephen A. AU - Briais, Anne AU - Chen, Yifeng AU - Cukur, Deniz AU - Dadd, Kelsie A. AU - Ding, Weiwei AU - Dorais, Michael J. AU - Ferré, Eric C. AU - Ferreira, Fabricio AU - Furusawa, Akira AU - Gewecke, Aaron J. AU - Hinojosa, Jessica L. AU - Höfig, Tobias W. AU - Hsiung, Kan-Hsi AU - Huang, Baoqi AU - Huang, Enqing AU - Huang, Xiao-Long AU - Jiang, Shijun AU - Jin, Haiyan AU - Johnson, Benjamin G. AU - Kurzawski, Robert M. AU - Lei, Chao AU - Li, Baohua AU - Li, Li AU - Li, Yanping AU - Lin, Jian AU - Liu, Chang AU - Liu, Chuanlian AU - Liu, Zhifei AU - Luna, Antonio AU - Lupi, Claudia AU - McCarthy, Anders J. AU - Mohn, Geoffroy AU - Ningthoujam, Lachit Singh AU - Nirrengarten, Michael AU - Osono, Nobuaki AU - Peate, David W. AU - Persaud, Patricia AU - Qiu, Ning AU - Robinson, Caroline M. AU - Satolli, Sara AU - Sauermilch, Isabel AU - Schindlbeck, Julie C. AU - Skinner, Steven M. AU - Straub, Susanne M. AU - Su, Xiang AU - Tian, Liyan AU - Van der Zwan, Froukje M. AU - Wan, Shiming AU - Wu, Huaichun AU - Xiang, Rong AU - Yadav, Rajeev AU - Yi, Liang AU - Zhang, Cuimei AU - Zhang, Jinchang AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Zhao, Ning AU - Zhong, Guangfa AU - Zhong, Lifeng CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology/South China Sea Institution of Oceanology, @CHN Affiliation (monographic): Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology/South China Sea Institution of Oceanology, China Corporate Affiliation (monographic): International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 367 Scientists, College Station, TX Coordinates: N180900 N185300 E1161900 E1144600 illus., incl. 10 tables Contains 152 references Research Program: IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program; South China Sea rifted margin; Expeditions 367 and 368 of the riserless drilling platform from and to Hong Kong, China; Sites U1499-U1500, 7 February-9 April 2017; and Hong Kong, China, to Shanghai, China; Sites U1501-U1505, 9 April-11, June 2017, Sun Zhen, Jian Zhimin, Joann M. Stock, Hans Christian Larsen, Adam Klaus, Carlos A. Alvarez Zarikian, Jacopo Boaga, Anne Briais, Chen Yifeng, Michael J. Dorais, Akira Furusawa, Jessica L. Hinojosa, Tobias W. Höfig, Kan-Hsi Hsiung, Huang Baoqi, Huang Xiaolong, Benjamin G. Johnson, Lei Chao, Li Li, Liu Zhifei, Antonio Luna, Claudia Lupi, Anders J. McCarthy, Michael Nirrengarten, Caroline M. Robinson, Isabel Sauermilch, Steven M. Skinner, Su Xiang, Rong Xiang, Rajeev Yadav, Yi Liang, Zhang Cuimei, Zhang Jinchang, Zhang Yang, Zhao Ning, Zhong Lifeng, Jian Zhimin, Stephen A. Bowden, Deniz Cukur, Kelsie A. Dadd, Ding Weiwei, Eric C. Ferré, Fabricio Ferreira, Aaron J. Gewecke, Huang Enqing, Jiang Shijun, Jin Haiyan, Robert M. Kurzawski, Li Baohua, Li Yanping, Jian Lin, Chang Liu, Liu Chuanlian, Geoffroy Mohn, Lachit Singh Ningthoujam, Nobuaki Osono, David W. Peate, Patricia Persaud, Qiu Ning, Sara Satolli, Julie C. Schindlbeck, Susanne M. Straub, Tian Liyan, Froukje M. Van der Zwan, Wan Shiming, Wu Huaichun and Zhong Guangfa; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 367 Scientists, College Station, TX; International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition 368 Scientists. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Reports, Vol.367/368, 68p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, Washington, DC, United States. ISSN: 2377-3189 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2018080192 DOI: 10.14379/iodp.proc.367368.102.2018 KW - Algae Alteration Arthropoda Basement Biostratigraphy Boreholes Cenozoic Chemical composition Continental margin Cores Crustacea Diatoms Downhole methods Drilling Expedition 367/368 Foraminifera Geochemistry Geophysical methods Geophysical surveys Hydrochemistry Igneous rocks International Ocean Discovery Program Lithostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Mandibulata Marine drilling Marine sediments Metamorphic rocks Microfossils Nannofossils North Pacific Northwest Pacific Ostracoda Pacific Ocean Paleomagnetism Petrography Physical properties Plate tectonics Quaternary Rifting Sedimentary rocks Sediments South China Sea Structural analysis Surveys Tertiary Well logs West Pacific 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English N1 - Sun Zhen Jian Zhimin Stock, Joann M. Larsen, Hans Christian Klaus, Adam Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos A. Boaga, Jacopo Bowden, Stephen A. Briais, Anne Chen Yifeng Cukur, Deniz Dadd, Kelsie A. Ding Weiwei Dorais, Michael J. Ferré, Eric C. Ferreira, Fabricio Furusawa, Akira Gewecke, Aaron J. Hinojosa, Jessica L. Höfig, Tobias W. Hsiung, Kan-Hsi Huang Baoqi Huang Enqing Huang Xiao-Long Jiang Shijun Jin Haiyan Johnson, Benjamin G. Kurzawski, Robert M. Lei Chao Li Baohua Li Li Li Yanping Lin Jian Liu Chang Liu Chuanlian Liu Zhifei Luna, Antonio Lupi, Claudia McCarthy, Anders J. Mohn, Geoffroy Ningthoujam, Lachit Singh Nirrengarten, Michael Osono, Nobuaki Peate, David W. Persaud, Patricia Qiu Ning Robinson, Caroline M. Satolli, Sara Sauermilch, Isabel Schindlbeck, Julie C. Skinner, Steven M. Straub, Susanne M. Su Xiang Tian Liyan Van der Zwan, Froukje M. Wan Shiming Wu Huaichun Xiang Rong Yadav, Rajeev Yi Liang Zhang Cuimei Zhang Jinchang Zhang Yang Zhao, Ning Zhong Guangfa Zhong Lifeng PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2018 SN - 2377-3189 ST - Expedition 367/368 methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - South China Sea Rifted Margin TI - Expedition 367/368 methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.367368.102.2018 VL - 367/368 ID - 5407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A multichannel seismic (MCS) experiment spanning 600 km across the Alarcón Rise and its conjugate rifted margins in the southern Gulf of California (western North America) provides insight into the spatial and temporal evolution of extension between Baja California and the mainland (Mexico). Stratigraphic analysis of multiple rift basins within the Alarcón spreading corridor indicates an initial stage of oblique extension starting ca. 14–12 Ma. This initial phase of extension was characterized by the formation of several large basins in the center of the gulf and on the southeast margin with negligible synrift sedimentation. A second phase of oblique extension, likely synchronous with large-scale basin opening in the central and northern Gulf of California, began ca. 8–5 Ma and was characterized by the formation of smaller half-grabens distributed across the conjugate margins that contain both synrift and postrift deposits. A key feature imaged within the MCS data is a highly reflective, ropey layer at the top of basement, interpreted to be either volcanic rocks from the 25–12 Ma Comondú Group, and/or early rifting volcanic rocks that are between 11 and 9 Ma, or younger. This volcanic layer is extensively faulted, suggesting that it predates the episode of early extension. Upper crustal extension appears to be equally distributed across conjugate margins, forming a symmetrical continental rift. Two styles of rifted basin are observed; older basins (estimated as 14–11 Ma using sedimentation rates) show distributed extension with extensive basement faulting. In contrast, the younger basins (likely post–6 Ma) are asymmetrical with synrift deposits thickening into the basin-bounding faults. The northeast-southwest geomorphic expression of the Tamayo bank and trough and other features provides additional evidence that northwest-southeast oblique extension began ca. 12 Ma. These new spatial and temporal constraints, when combined with a crustal thickness profile obtained across the entire Alarcón corridor, suggest that significant northwest-southeast oblique extension within the Gulf of California started well before 6 Ma, in contrast to earlier models. AU - Sutherland, Fiona H. AU - Kent, Graham M. AU - Harding, Alistair J. AU - Umhoefer, Paul J. AU - Driscoll, Neal W. AU - Lizarralde, Daniel AU - Fletcher, John M. AU - Axen, Gary J. AU - Holbrook, W. Steven AU - González-Fernández, Antonio AU - Lonsdale, Peter DO - 10.1130/ges00770.1 IS - 4 PY - 2012 SN - 1553-040X SP - 752–770 ST - Middle Miocene to early Pliocene oblique extension in the southern Gulf of California T2 - Geosphere TI - Middle Miocene to early Pliocene oblique extension in the southern Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00770.1 VL - 8 Y2 - 1/26/2021 ID - 7057 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The climate change in the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) was characterized by a major perturbation of the global carbon cycle. The event lasted for approximately 200,000 years and was manifested by a global warming of ∼6 °C, anoxic conditions in the oceans, and extinction of marine species. The triggering mechanisms for the perturbation and environmental change are however strongly debated. Here, we present evidence for a rapid formation and transport of greenhouse gases from the deep sedimentary reservoirs in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Magmatic sills were emplaced during the initial stages of formation of the Early Jurassic Karoo Large Igneous Province, and had a profound influence on the fate of light elements in the organic-rich sedimentary host rocks. Total organic carbon contents and vitrinite reflectivity data from contact aureoles around the sills show that organic carbon was lost from the country rocks during heating. We present data from a new type of geological structures, termed breccia pipes, rooted in the aureoles within the shale of the Western Karoo Basin. The breccia pipes are cylindrical structures up to 150 meters in diameter and are mainly comprised of brecciated and baked black shale. Thousands of breccia pipes were formed due to gas pressure build-up during metamorphism of the shales, resulting in venting of greenhouse gases to the Toarcian atmosphere. Mass balance calculations constrained by new aureole data show that up to 1800 Gt of CO2 was formed from organic material in the western Karoo Basin. About 15 times this amount of CO2 (27,400 Gt) may have formed in the entire basin during the intrusive event. U–Pb dating of zircons from a sill related to many of the pipes demonstrates that the magma was emplaced 182.5±0.4 million years ago. This supports a causal relationship between the intrusive volcanism, the gas venting, and the Toarcian global warming. AU - Svensen, Henrik AU - Planke, Sverre AU - Chevallier, Luc AU - Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders AU - Corfu, Fernando AU - Jamtveit, Bjørn DA - 2007/04/30/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.013 IS - 3 KW - climate change Toarcian carbon cycle perturbation contact metamorphism degassing breccia pipes the Karoo Basin N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X07000763 PY - 2007 SN - 0012-821X SP - 554–566 ST - Hydrothermal venting of greenhouse gases triggering early Jurassic global warming T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Hydrothermal venting of greenhouse gases triggering early Jurassic global warming UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.013 VL - 256 ID - 7058 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A 200,000-yr interval of extreme global warming marked the start of the Eocene epoch about 55 million years ago. Negative carbon- and oxygen-isotope excursions in marine and terrestrial sediments show that this event was linked to a massive and rapid (∼10,000 yr) input of isotopically depleted carbon1,2. It has been suggested previously that extensive melting of gas hydrates buried in marine sediments may represent the carbon source3,4 and has caused the global climate change. Large-scale hydrate melting, however, requires a hitherto unknown triggering mechanism. Here we present evidence for the presence of thousands of hydrothermal vent complexes identified on seismic reflection profiles from the Vøring and Møre basins in the Norwegian Sea. We propose that intrusion of voluminous mantle-derived melts in carbon-rich sedimentary strata in the northeast Atlantic may have caused an explosive release of methane—transported to the ocean or atmosphere through the vent complexes—close to the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary. Similar volcanic and metamorphic processes may explain climate events associated with other large igneous provinces such as the Siberian Traps (∼250 million years ago) and the Karoo Igneous Province (∼183 million years ago). AU - Svensen, Henrik AU - Planke, Sverre AU - Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders AU - Jamtveit, Bjørn AU - Myklebust, Reidun AU - Rasmussen Eidem, Torfinn AU - Rey, Sebastian S. DA - 2004/06/01 DO - 10.1038/nature02566 IS - 6991 PY - 2004 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 542–545 ST - Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming T2 - Nature TI - Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02566 VL - 429 ID - 6201 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The end of the Permian period is marked by global warming and the biggest known mass extinction on Earth. The crisis is commonly attributed to the formation of the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province although the causal mechanisms remain disputed. We show that heating of Tunguska Basin sediments by the ascending magma played a key role in triggering the crisis. Our conclusions are based on extensive field work in Siberia in 2004 and 2006. Heating of organic-rich shale and petroleum bearing evaporites around sill intrusions led to greenhouse gas and halocarbon generation in sufficient volumes to cause global warming and atmospheric ozone depletion. Basin scale gas production potential estimates show that metamorphism of organic matter and petroleum could have generated >100,000 Gt CO2. The gases were released to the end-Permian atmosphere partly through spectacular pipe structures with kilometre-sized craters. Dating of a sill intrusion by the U–Pb method shows that the gas release occurred at 252.0±0.4 million years ago, overlapping in time with the end-Permian global warming and mass extinction. Heating experiments to 275 °C on petroleum-bearing rock salt from Siberia suggests that methyl chloride and methyl bromide were significant components of the erupted gases. The results indicate that global warming and ozone depletion were the two main drivers for the end-Permian environmental crisis. We demonstrate that the composition of the heated sedimentary rocks below the flood basalts is the most important factor in controlling whether a Large Igneous Provinces causes an environmental crisis or not. We propose that a similar mechanism could have been responsible for the Triassic-Jurassic (~200 Ma) global warming and mass extinction, based on the presence of thick sill intrusions in the evaporite deposits of the Amazon Basin in Brazil. AU - Svensen, Henrik AU - Planke, Sverre AU - Polozov, Alexander G. AU - Schmidbauer, Norbert AU - Corfu, Fernando AU - Podladchikov, Yuri Y. AU - Jamtveit, Bjørn DA - 2009/01/30/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.015 IS - 3–4 KW - end-Permian Siberian Traps Tunguska Basin gas venting N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X08007292 PY - 2009 SN - 0012-821X SP - 490–500 ST - Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters TI - Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.015 VL - 277 ID - 7059 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Environmental context. What caused the biggest known mass extinction on Earth ~252 million years ago? A possible killer mechanism was the release of specific gases into the atmosphere, which eventually led to destruction of the ozone layer. This is now supported by new laboratory experiments in which ozone-destructing gases were generated when heating rocks from East Siberia (Russia) – reconstructing what happened naturally in Siberia during explosive gas eruptions 252 million years ago.. What triggered the largest know mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary 252 million years ago, when 95% of the species in the oceans disappeared? New geological data suggest that eruptions of carbon (CH4, CO2) and halocarbon (CH3Cl and CH3Br) gases from the vast sedimentary basins of east Siberia could have triggered a period with global warming (5°–10°C) and terrestrial mass extinction. The gases were generated during contact metamorphism of sedimentary rocks around 1200°C hot igneous intrusions. One of the suggested end-Permian extinction mechanisms is the extreme ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) caused by a prolonged destruction of stratospheric ozone induced by the emitted halocarbons. This hypothesis is supported by a new set of experiments, where natural rock salt samples from Siberia were heated to 275°C. Among the gases generated during heating are methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br). These findings open up new possibilities for investigating ancient environmental crises. AU - Svensen, Henrik AU - Schmidbauer, Norbert AU - Roscher, Marco AU - Stordal, Frode AU - Planke, Sverre DO - https://doi.org/10.1071/EN09118 IS - 6 N1 - https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/EN09118 PY - 2009 SP - 466–471 ST - Contact metamorphism, halocarbons, and environmental crises of the past T2 - Environmental Chemistry TI - Contact metamorphism, halocarbons, and environmental crises of the past UR - https://doi.org/10.1071/EN09118 VL - 6 ID - 7060 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We have developed a technique for cultivation of chemolithoautotrophs under high hydrostatic pressures that is successfully applicable to various types of deep-sea chemolithoautotrophs, including methanogens. It is based on a glass-syringe-sealing liquid medium and gas mixture used in conjunction with a butyl rubber piston and a metallic needle stuck into butyl rubber. By using this technique, growth, survival, and methane production of a newly isolated, hyperthermophilic methanogen Methanopyrus kandleri strain 116 are characterized under high temperatures and hydrostatic pressures. Elevated hydrostatic pressures extend the temperature maximum for possible cell proliferation from 116°C at 0.4 MPa to 122°C at 20 MPa, providing the potential for growth even at 122°C under an in situ high pressure. In addition, piezophilic growth significantly affected stable carbon isotope fractionation of methanogenesis from CO2. Under conventional growth conditions, the isotope fractionation of methanogenesis by M. kandleri strain 116 was similar to values (−34‰ to−27‰) previously reported for other hydrogenotrophic methanogens. However, under high hydrostatic pressures, the isotope fractionation effect became much smaller (<−12‰), and the kinetic isotope effect at 122°C and 40 MPa was −9.4‰, which is one of the smallest effects ever reported. This observation will shed light on the sources and production mechanisms of deep-sea methane. AU - Takai, Ken AU - Nakamura, Kentaro AU - Toki, Tomohiro AU - Tsunogai, Urumu AU - Miyazaki, Masayuki AU - Miyazaki, Junichi AU - Hirayama, Hisako AU - Nakagawa, Satoshi AU - Nunoura, Takuro AU - Horikoshi, Koki DO - 10.1073/pnas.0712334105 IS - 31 N1 - https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/31/10949.full.pdf PY - 2008 SP - 10949–10954 ST - Cell proliferation at 122°C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Cell proliferation at 122°C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712334105 VL - 105 ID - 7061 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A new molecular phylogeny of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae is presented. Using sequences from the nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA genes and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, 105 specimens were analysed representing 87 separate species classified into 47 genera. Samples were collected from a wide range of habitats including mangroves, seagrass beds, shallow sands, offshore muds, and hydrocarbon seeps at depths ranging from the intertidal to over 2000 m. A chronogram, derived from the combined molecular tree, was calibrated using ten lucinid fossils. The trees show five well-supported clades and two single branches of Fimbria fimbriata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Monitilora ramsayi (Smith, 1885). A new classification of Lucinidae is proposed with seven subfamilial divisions: three new subfamilies – Pegophyseminae, Leucosphaerinae, and Monitilorinae – are introduced and Codakiinae, usually treated as a synonym of Lucininae, is revived to include the Lucinoma, Codakia, and Ctena subclades. Membership of the Lucininae and Myrteinae is considerably revised compared with Chavan's commonly employed ‘Treatise’ classification. Previously considered as a separate family, Fimbriinae is now regarded as a subfamily within Lucinidae. The status of Milthinae is presently equivocal pending further analysis and Divaricellinae is recognized as polyphyletic, and is therefore abandoned, with species and genera now grouped in various places within the Lucininae. Deeper water Lucinidae mainly belong to Leucosphaerinae, Codakiinae (Lucinoma clade), and Myrteinae, with Lucinoma species being most frequently associated with hydrocarbon seeps. Species occurring in seagrass habitats derive largely from Pegophyseminae, Codakiinae, and Lucininae, and species from mangrove habitats derive from the Pegophyseminae and Lucininae. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 15–49. AU - Taylor, John D. AU - Glover, Emily A. AU - Smith, Lisa AU - Dyal, Patricia AU - Williams, Suzannet T. DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00700.x IS - 1 N1 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00700.x PY - 2011 SN - 0024-4082 SP - 15–49 ST - Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) T2 - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society TI - Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00700.x VL - 163 ID - 6682 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Temperature is one of the key constraints on the spatial extent, physiological and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical function of subsurface life. A model system to explore these interrelationships should offer a suitable range of geochemical regimes, carbon substrates and temperature gradients under which microbial life can generate energy and sustain itself. In this theory and hypothesis article, we make the case for the hydrothermally heated sediments of Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California as a suitable model system where extensive temperature and geochemical gradients create distinct niches for active microbial populations in the hydrothermally influenced sedimentary subsurface that in turn intercept and process hydrothermally generated carbon sources. We synthesize the evidence for high-temperature microbial methane cycling and sulfate reduction at Guaymas Basin – with an eye on sulfate-dependent oxidation of abundant alkanes – and demonstrate the energetic feasibility of these latter types of deep subsurface life in previously drilled Guaymas Basin locations of Deep-Sea Drilling Project 64. AD - Prof Andreas Teske,Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill, NC, USA,teske@email.unc.edu AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Callaghan, Amy V. AU - LaRowe, Douglas E. DA - 2014-July-31 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00362 KW - subsurface,Guaymas basin,hydrothermal,Methane,alkane oxidation,Energy Metabolism LA - English M3 - Hypothesis and Theory N1 - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00362 PY - 2014 SN - 1664-302X SP - 362 ST - Subsurface life in Guaymas Basin T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Biosphere frontiers of subsurface life in the sedimented hydrothermal system of Guaymas Basin UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00362 VL - 5 ID - 6851 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strains of hyperthermophilic anaerobic hydrothermal vent archaea maintained in the culture collection assembled by Holger Jannasch at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution between 1984 and 1998 were identified and partially characterized by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and by growth tests at different temperatures and on different organic carbon and nitrogen sources. All strains were members of the genera Thermococcus and Pyrococcus. The greatest phylogenetic diversity was found in strains from a single Guaymas Basin core isolated by serial dilution from four different depth horizons of heated sediment incubated at the corresponding in situ temperatures. In contrast, geographically distinct vent locations and sample materials yielded a lower diversity of isolates when enriched under uniform temperature regimes and without prior dilution of the source material. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Edgcomb, Virginia AU - Rivers, Adam R. AU - Thompson, Janelle R. AU - de Vera Gomez, Alvin AU - Molyneaux, Stephen J. AU - Wirsen, Carl O. DA - 2009/11/01 DO - 10.1007/s00792-009-0278-7 IS - 6 PY - 2009 SN - 1433-4909 SP - 905–915 ST - A molecular and physiological survey of a diverse collection of hydrothermal vent Thermococcus and Pyrococcus isolates T2 - Extremophiles TI - A molecular and physiological survey of a diverse collection of hydrothermal vent Thermococcus and Pyrococcus isolates UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-009-0278-7 VL - 13 ID - 7062 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microbial communities in hydrothermally active sediments of the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) were studied by using 16S rRNA sequencing and carbon isotopic analysis of archaeal and bacterial lipids. The Guaymas sediments harbored uncultured euryarchaeota of two distinct phylogenetic lineages within the anaerobic methane oxidation 1 (ANME-1) group, ANME-1a and ANME-1b, and of the ANME-2c lineage within the Methanosarcinales, both previously assigned to the methanotrophic archaea. The archaeal lipids in the Guaymas Basin sediments included archaeol, diagnostic for nonthermophilic euryarchaeota, and sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol, with the latter compound being particularly abundant in cultured members of the Methanosarcinales. The concentrations of these compounds were among the highest observed so far in studies of methane seep environments. The δ-13C values of these lipids (δ-13C = −89 to −58‰) indicate an origin from anaerobic methanotrophic archaea. This molecular-isotopic signature was found not only in samples that yielded predominantly ANME-2 clones but also in samples that yielded exclusively ANME-1 clones. ANME-1 archaea therefore remain strong candidates for mediation of the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Based on 16S rRNA data, the Guaymas sediments harbor phylogenetically diverse bacterial populations, which show considerable overlap with bacterial populations of geothermal habitats and natural or anthropogenic hydrocarbon-rich sites. Consistent with earlier observations, our combined evidence from bacterial phylogeny and molecular-isotopic data indicates an important role of some novel deeply branching bacteria in anaerobic methanotrophy. Anaerobic methane oxidation likely represents a significant and widely occurring process in the trophic ecology of methane-rich hydrothermal vents. This study stresses a high diversity among communities capable of anaerobic oxidation of methane. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe AU - Edgcomb, Virginia AU - de Vera Gomez, Alvin AU - Kysela, David AU - Sylva, Sean P. AU - Sogin, Mitchell L. AU - Jannasch, Holger W. DO - 10.1128/aem.68.4.1994-2007.2002 IS - 4 N1 - https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/68/4/1994.full.pdf PY - 2002 SP - 1994–2007 ST - Microbial diversity of hydrothermal sediments in the Guaymas Basin: evidence for anaerobic methanotrophic communities T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology TI - Microbial diversity of hydrothermal sediments in the Guaymas Basin: evidence for anaerobic methanotrophic communities UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1994-2007.2002 VL - 68 ID - 7063 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California is a young marginal rift basin characterized by active seafloor spreading and rapid deposition of organic-rich sediments from highly productive overlying waters. The high sedimentation rates in combination with an active spreading system produce distinct oceanic crust where the shallowest magmatic emplacement occurs as igneous intrusion into overlying sediments. The intrusion of magma into organic-rich sediments creates a dynamic environment where tightly linked physical, chemical, and biological processes regulate the cycling of sedimentary carbon and other elements, not only in a narrow hydrothermal zone at the spreading center but also in widely distributed off-axis venting. Heat from magmatic sills thermally alters organic-rich sediments, releasing CO2, CH4, petroleum, and other alteration products. This heat also drives advective flow, which distributes these alteration products in the subsurface and may also release them to the water column. Within the sediment column, the thermal and chemical gradients created by this process represent environments rich in chemical energy that support microbial communities at and below the seafloor. These communities may play a critical role in chemical transformations that influence the stability and transport of carbon in crustal biospheres. Collectively, these processes have profound implications for the exchange of heat and mass between the lithosphere and overlying water column and may determine the long-term fate of carbon accumulation in organic-rich sediments. The fate of carbon deposited in Guaymas Basin, throughout the Gulf of California, and more broadly within similar marginal seas throughout the world, depends on the relative efficiencies of interacting physical, chemical, and microbial processes, some working to sequester carbon and others working to release carbon back to the ocean and the atmosphere. Drill core samples from Expedition 385 to Guaymas Basin will enable us to study these processes, their interactions, and their ultimate effects on carbon cycling. Samples obtained from scientific drilling are crucial to these goals, which include: - Quantifying the sedimentary and elemental inputs to the system through time and their variation with oceanographic and climatic conditions; - Sampling igneous sills and the surrounding sediments to determine the products and efficiency of alteration and key hydrologic factors such as sediment type, faulting, and permeability evolution; and - Studying subsurface microbial communities hosted by alteration products to determine their efficiency at capturing carbon-bearing alteration products and to further our understanding of the conditions that limit life in the deep biosphere. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Lizarralde, Daniel AU - Höfig, Tobias W. J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC Coordinates: N270000 N280000 W1111000 W1120000 Contains 82 references Research Program: IODP2 International Ocean Discovery Program Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Scientific Prospectus (International Ocean Discovery Program), Vol.385, 30p. Publisher: International Ocean Discovery Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 2332-1385 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2020 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2018094264 URL access: Open access DOI: 10.14379/iodp.sp.385.2018 KW - Basins Boreholes Carbon Cores Drilling East Pacific Ecosystems Geophysical methods Geophysical profiles Geophysical surveys Guaymas Basin Gulf of California International Ocean Discovery Program Marginal basins Marine drilling Marine sediments Mexico Microorganisms North Pacific Northeast Pacific Pacific Ocean Planning Rift zones Sea-floor spreading Sediments Seismic methods Seismic profiles Surveys Tectonics 16 Structural Geology 20 Geophysics, Applied LA - English PY - 2018 SN - 2332-1385 ; ST - Expedition 385 Scientific Prospectus: Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere T2 - International Ocean Discovery Program TI - Expedition 385 Scientific Prospectus: Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.sp.385.2018 ID - 6561 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A. A2 - Lizarralde, D. A2 - Höfig, T.W. A2 - the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Expedition 385 methods SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Expedition 385 methods UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.102.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6533 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A., Lizarralde, D., Höfig, T.W., and the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Site U1545 T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Site U1545 UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.103.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6534 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A. A2 - Lizarralde, D. A2 - Höfig, T.W. A2 - the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Site U1546 SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Site U1546 UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.104.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6611 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A. A2 - Lizarralde, D. A2 - Höfig, T.W. A2 - the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Expedition 385 summary SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Expedition 385 summary UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.101.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6612 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A., Lizarralde, D., Höfig, T.W., and the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Site U1550 SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Site U1550 UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.107.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6683 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A., Lizarralde, D., Höfig, T.W., and the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Sites U1547 and U1548 SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Sites U1547 and U1548 UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.105.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6704 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Teske, A., Lizarralde, D., Höfig, T.W., and the Expedition 385 Scientists AU - Teske, A. AU - Lizarralde, D. AU - Höfig, T.W. AU - Aiello, I.W. AU - Ash, J.L. AU - Bojanova, D.P. AU - Buatier, M.D. AU - Edgcomb, V.P. AU - Galerne, C.Y. AU - Gontharet, S. AU - Heuer, V.B. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Kars, M.A.C. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Koornneef, L.M.T. AU - Marsaglia, K.M. AU - Meyer, N.R. AU - Morono, Y. AU - Neumann, F. AU - Negrete-Aranda, R. AU - Pastor, L.C. AU - Peña-Salinas, M.E. AU - Pérez Cruz, L.L. AU - Ran, L. AU - Riboulleau, A. AU - Sarao, J.A. AU - Schubert, F. AU - Khogenkumar Singh, S. AU - Stock, J.M. AU - Toffin, L.M.A.A. AU - Xie, W. AU - Yamanaka, T. AU - Zhuang, G. CY - College Station, TX PB - International Ocean Discovery Program PY - 2021 ST - Site U1549 SV - Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program T2 - Guaymas Basin Tectonics and Biosphere TI - Site U1549 UR - https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.385.106.2021 VL - 385 ID - 6706 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Guaymas Basin spreading center, at 2000 m depth in the Gulf of California, is overlain by a thick sedimentary cover. Across the basin, localized temperature anomalies, with active methane venting and seep fauna exist in response to magma emplacement into sediments. These sites evolve over thousands of years as magma freezes into doleritic sills and the system cools. Although several cool sites resembling cold seeps have been characterized, the hydrothermally active stage of an off-axis site was lacking good examples. Here, we present a multidisciplinary characterization of Ringvent, an ~1 km wide circular mound where hydrothermal activity persists ~28 km northwest of the spreading center. Ringvent provides a new type of intermediate-stage hydrothermal system where off-axis hydrothermal activity has attenuated since its formation, but remains evident in thermal anomalies, hydrothermal biota coexisting with seep fauna, and porewater biogeochemical signatures indicative of hydrothermal circulation. Due to their broad potential distribution, small size and limited life span, such sites are hard to find and characterize, but they provide critical missing links to understand the complex evolution of hydrothermal systems. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - McKay, Luke J. AU - Ravelo, Ana Christina AU - Aiello, Ivano AU - Mortera, Carlos AU - Núñez-Useche, Fernando AU - Canet, Carles AU - Chanton, Jeffrey P. AU - Brunner, Benjamin AU - Hensen, Christian AU - Ramírez, Gustavo A. AU - Sibert, Ryan J. AU - Turner, Tiffany AU - White, Dylan AU - Chambers, Christopher R. AU - Buckley, Andrew AU - Joye, Samantha B. AU - Soule, S. Adam AU - Lizarralde, Daniel DA - 2019/09/25 DO - 10.1038/s41598-019-50200-5 IS - 1 PY - 2019 SN - 2045-2322 SP - 13847 ST - Characteristics and evolution of sill-driven off-axis hydrothermalism in Guaymas Basin – the Ringvent site T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Characteristics and evolution of sill-driven off-axis hydrothermalism in Guaymas Basin – the Ringvent site UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50200-5 VL - 9 ID - 6686 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Sørensen, Ketil B. IS - 1 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC Affiliation (monographic): University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Coordinates: S105900 S105900 W0775800 W0775800; S090000 S090000 W0795700 W0795700 illus., incl. 6 tables Contains 70 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: The ISME Journal, 2(1), p.3-18. Publisher: Nature Publishing Group, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 1751-7362 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2010030901 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2007.90 KW - Africa Archaea Biogeography Continental margin Correlation DNA East Pacific Equatorial Pacific Leg 201 Marine environment Marine sediments Mines Modern ODP Site 1227 ODP Site 1228 ODP Site 1229 Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Peru Peru Margin Phylogeny RNA Sediments South Africa South America South Pacific Southeast Pacific Southern Africa 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 1751-7362 SP - 3–18 ST - Uncultured archaea in deep marine subsurface sediments: have we caught them all? T2 - The ISME Journal TI - Uncultured archaea in deep marine subsurface sediments: have we caught them all? UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.90 VL - 2 ID - 6592 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cold seeps and hydrothermal vents are seafloor habitats fueled by subsurface energy sources. Both habitat types coexist in Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California, providing an opportunity to compare microbial communities with distinct physiologies adapted to different thermal regimes. Hydrothermally active sites in the southern Guaymas Basin axial valley, and cold seep sites at Octopus Mound, a carbonate mound with abundant methanotrophic cold seep fauna at the Central Seep location on the northern off-axis flanking regions, show consistent geochemical and microbial differences between hot, temperate, cold seep, and background sites. The changing microbial actors include autotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial and archaeal lineages that catalyze sulfur, nitrogen, and methane cycling, organic matter degradation, and hydrocarbon oxidation. Thermal, biogeochemical, and microbiological characteristics of the sampling locations indicate that sediment thermal regime and seep-derived or hydrothermal energy sources structure the microbial communities at the sediment surface. AU - Teske, Andreas AU - Wegener, Gunter AU - Chanton, Jeffrey P. AU - White, Dylan AU - MacGregor, Barbara AU - Hoer, Daniel AU - de Beer, Dirk AU - Zhuang, Guangchao AU - Saxton, Matthew A. AU - Joye, Samantha B. AU - Lizarralde, Daniel AU - Soule, S. Adam AU - Ruff, S. Emil DA - 2021-February-12 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633649 KW - cold seep,hydrothermal sediment,Porewater profiles,Bacteria,Archaea,Guaymas basin LA - English M3 - Original Research N1 - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2021.633649 PY - 2021 SN - 1664-302X SP - 633649 ST - Microbial communities in Guaymas Basin T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Microbial communities under distinct thermal and geochemical regimes in axial and off-axis sediments of Guaymas Basin UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.633649 VL - 12 ID - 12688 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent molecular analyses show that microbial communities of deep marine sediments harbor members of distinct, uncultured bacterial and archaeal lineages, in addition to Gram-positive bacteria and Proteobacteria that are detected by cultivation surveys. Several of these subsurface lineages show cosmopolitan occurrence patterns; they can be found in cold marine sediments and also in hydrothermal habitats, suggesting a continuous deep subsurface and hydrothermal biosphere with shared microbiota. The physiologies and activities of these uncultured subsurface lineages remain to be explored by innovative combinations of genomic and biogeochemical approaches. AU - Teske, Andreas P. IS - 6 J2 - Coordinates: S120500 N035000 W0775500 W1103500 illus. Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Geomicrobiology Journal, 23(6), p.357-368. Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, United States. ISSN: 0149-0451 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2019043710 DOI: 10.1080/01490450600875613 KW - Bacteria Communities East Pacific Equatorial Pacific Leg 201 Marine sediments Microorganisms Molecular biology Nucleic acids Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean RNA Sediments 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PY - 2006 SN - 0149-0451 SP - 357–368 ST - Microbial communities of deep marine subsurface sediments; molecular and cultivation surveys T2 - Geomicrobiology Journal TI - Microbial communities of deep marine subsurface sediments; molecular and cultivation surveys UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450600875613 VL - 23 ID - 6697 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The varved sediments that accumulate in the central Gulf of California (Guaymas and Carmen Basins) provide a record that allows for the resolution of annual to decadal-scale climate variability in this region. Time-series sediment trapping, combined with remotely sensed observations of sea surface temperature (AVHRR) and color (CZCS), have been used to examine the mechanism of varve formation in the central Gulf. SST and surface pigment concentration records for both the mainland and Baja sides of the Gulf display similar seasonal trends. High temperatures and low pigment concentrations occur synchronously on both sides of the central Gulf from June through to October. In association with the 1991/92 El Niño, warm temperatures persist in the central Gulf until December. Low SSTs typically occur from December through May, with high pigment concentrations marking the period from November through April. The summer-early fall (June–October) is a time of high terrigenous and biogenic sediment fluxes. During this time of year, the total flux is dominated by eolian-transported lithogenic material and dark laminae are deposited during this period. During El Niño years, high terrigenous fluxes may extend into winter. Light laminae represent deposition from November through May, during which time biogenic material dominates the total sediment flux. High opal fluxes beginning in November are attributed to seasonal cooling of surface water and upward mixing of nutrients. True upwelling conditions do not develop in the Gulf until late winter-spring. During this time, the total flux is still dominated by opal but the magnitude of the flux is reduced. This may be an artifact of phytoplankton grazing and not lower production rates. AU - Thunell, Robert AU - Pride, Carol AU - Tappa, Eric AU - Muller-Karger, Frank DA - 1993/01/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(05)80009-5 IS - 6 PY - 1993 SN - 0277-3791 SP - 451–464 ST - Varve formation in the Gulf of California: insights from time series sediment trap sampling and remote sensing T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews TI - Varve formation in the Gulf of California: insights from time series sediment trap sampling and remote sensing UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(05)80009-5 VL - 12 ID - 6529 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A six-year time series of sediment trap samples is used to document seasonal and interannual changes in particle fluxes in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Sedimentation in this region of the Gulf of California is dominated by two seasonally varying components: biogenic silica during the late fall–spring and lithogenic material during the summer. This variability in sediment fluxes is a direct response to the seasonally reversing monsoon climate in this region. In addition, this seasonal variability in particle flux to the seafloor combined with the lack of bioturbation results in the formation of sediment laminae or varves in Guaymas Basin. Observed interannual differences in the magnitude of sediment fluxes appear to be related to ENSO. These findings indicate that biogenic sediment fluxes, and hence primary productivity, are higher during non-ENSO years in the central Gulf of California. A decrease in the carbonate: opal flux ratio from 1991 to 1996 indicates that diatoms became an increasingly important component of the plankton during this period and further supports our findings that productivity in Guaymas Basin is higher during non-ENSO years. AU - Thunell, Robert C. DA - 1998/12/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00053-3 IS - 12 PY - 1998 SN - 0967-0637 SP - 2059–2083 ST - Seasonal and annual variability in particle fluxes in the Gulf of California: a response to climate forcing T2 - Deep Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers TI - Seasonal and annual variability in particle fluxes in the Gulf of California: a response to climate forcing UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00053-3 VL - 45 ID - 6528 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Tissot, B.P. AU - Welte, D.H. CY - Berlin PB - Springer PY - 1978 ST - Petroleum Formation and Occurrence TI - Petroleum Formation and Occurrence UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96446-6 ID - 6852 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A gas hydrate field with highly active venting of methane was recently found near Sado Island in the eastern Japan Sea. Piston cores were collected from active venting sites and nearby locations in the Umitaka Spur–Joetsu Knoll area during two cruises in 2004 (UT04) and 2005 (KY05-08). We report here halogen concentrations and 129I/I ratios in pore waters associated with gas hydrates from these expeditions. The strongly biophilic behavior of I and, to a lesser degree, of Br together with the presence of the long-lived iodine radioisotope (129I) allow evaluation of potential source materials for methane in gas hydrate systems. Depth profiles of all three halogens, particularly the very rapid downward increases of Br and I concentrations, strongly suggest input of deep fluids enriched in Br and I, but the profiles also display the effects of gas hydrate formation and dissociation. Although the 129I/I ratios are modified by 129I from seawater and sediments at shallow depth, likely ratios of the deep fluids are estimated to be between 400×10−15 and 600×10−15, equivalent to a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age. Ages in the active methane venting sites typically are closer to the old end of this range than those in the reference sites. This age range suggests that the methane associated with venting and gas hydrate formation in this area is derived from organic materials accumulated during the initial opening of the Japan Sea. The Umitaka Spur–Joetsu Knoll gas hydrate field demonstrates the movement of deep fluids associated with the release of significant amounts of methane from the seafloor, processes which might be important components of mass transfer and carbon cycle in the shallow geosphere. AU - Tomaru, Hitoshi AU - Lu, Zunli AU - Snyder, Glen T. AU - Fehn, Udo AU - Hiruta, Akihiro AU - Matsumoto, Ryo DA - 2007/01/30/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.008 IS - 3 KW - Pore water Halogen I Gas hydrate Japan Sea PY - 2007 SN - 0009-2541 SP - 350–366 ST - Origin and age of pore waters in an actively venting gas hydrate field near Sado Island, Japan Sea: interpretation of halogen and 129I distributions T2 - Chemical Geology TI - Origin and age of pore waters in an actively venting gas hydrate field near Sado Island, Japan Sea: interpretation of halogen and 129I distributions UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.10.008 VL - 236 ID - 6530 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thermophilic methanogens are common autotrophs at hydrothermal vents, but their growth constraints and dependence on H2 syntrophy in situ are poorly understood. Between 2012 and 2015, methanogens and H2-producing heterotrophs were detected by growth at 80°C and 55°C at most diffuse (7–40°C) hydrothermal vent sites at Axial Seamount. Microcosm incubations of diffuse hydrothermal fluids at 80°C and 55°C demonstrated that growth of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic methanogens is primarily limited by H2 availability. Amendment of microcosms with NH4+ generally had no effect on CH4 production. However, annual variations in abundance and CH4 production were observed in relation to the eruption cycle of the seamount. Microcosm incubations of hydrothermal fluids at 80°C and 55°C supplemented with tryptone and no added H2 showed CH4 production indicating the capacity in situ for methanogenic H2 syntrophy. 16S rRNA genes were found in 80°C microcosms from H2-producing archaea and H2-consuming methanogens, but not for any bacteria. In 55°C microcosms, sequences were found from H2-producing bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. A co-culture of representative organisms showed that Thermococcus paralvinellae supported the syntrophic growth of Methanocaldococcus bathoardescens at 82°C and Methanothermococcus sp. strain BW11 at 60°C. The results demonstrate that modeling of subseafloor methanogenesis should focus primarily on H2 availability and temperature, and that thermophilic H2 syntrophy can support methanogenesis within natural microbial assemblages and may be an important energy source for thermophilic autotrophs in marine geothermal environments. AD - Dr James F. Holden,Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,MA, USA,jholden@microbio.umass.edu AU - Topçuoğlu, Begüm D. AU - Stewart, Lucy C. AU - Morrison, Hilary G. AU - Butterfield, David A. AU - Huber, Julie A. AU - Holden, James F. DA - 2016-August-05 DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01240 KW - Hydrogen,syntrophy,methanogenesis,Hydrothermal Vents,Methanococcales,Thermococcales LA - English M3 - Original Research N1 - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01240 PY - 2016 SN - 1664-302X SP - 1240 ST - H2 limitation and syntrophy among vent thermophiles T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - Hydrogen limitation and syntrophic growth among natural assemblages of thermophilic methanogens at deep-sea hydrothermal vents UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01240 VL - 7 ID - 6853 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We emphasize the importance of marine silicate weathering (MSiW) reactions in anoxic sediment as fundamental in generating alkalinity and cations needed for carbonate precipitation and preservation along continental margins. We use a model that couples thermodynamics with aqueous geochemistry to show that the CO2 released during methanogenesis results in a drop in pH to 6.0; unless these protons are buffered by MSiW, carbonate minerals will dissolve. We present data from two regions: the India passive margin and the active subduction zone off Japan, where ash and/or rivers supply the reactive silicate phase, as reflected in strontium isotope data. Offshore India and Korea, alteration of continent-derived silicates results in pore water enriched in radiogenic 87Sr, with 87Sr/86Sr ratios as high as 0.7095 and 0.7104, respectively. Off Japan, strontium in pore water influenced by ash alteration is depleted in 87Sr, with 87Sr/86Sr as low as 0.7065. Carbonate minerals formed by alkalinity and cations generated through MSiW carry these strontium isotopic signals, and are typically dolomite, siderite, and Fe-rich calcite. These contrast with the aragonite and high-magnesium calcite that form during anaerobic oxidation of methane and incorporate the coeval seawater 87Sr/86Sr signal. We show that MSiW is necessary for authigenic carbonate formation and preservation along continental margins, which remove carbon from Earth’s surface at rates previously estimated to be at least 1012 mol yr−1. In addition, these authigenic carbonates are of relevance to studies of the deep biosphere, fluid flow, seismogenesis, slope stability, and reservoir characteristics. AU - Torres, M.E. AU - Hong, W.-L. AU - Solomon, E.A. AU - Milliken, K. AU - Kim, J.-H. AU - Sample, J.C. AU - Teichert, Barbara M.A. AU - Wallmann, K. DA - 2020/01/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102960 KW - Silicate weathering Authigenic carbonate Organogenic dolomite Alkalinity Carbon cycling N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825219300170 PY - 2020 SN - 0012-8252 SP - 102960 ST - Silicate weathering in anoxic marine sediment as a requirement for authigenic carbonate burial T2 - Earth-Science Reviews TI - Silicate weathering in anoxic marine sediment as a requirement for authigenic carbonate burial UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102960 VL - 200 ID - 6723 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and sulfate reduction (SR) were investigated in sediments of the Chilean upwelling region at three stations between 800 and 3000 m water depth. Major goals of this study were to quantify and evaluate rates of AOM and SR in a coastal marine upwelling system with high organic input, to analyze the impact of AOM on the methane budget, and to determine the contribution of AOM to SR within the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMT). Furthermore, we investigated the formation of authigenic carbonates correlated with AOM. We determined the vertical distribution of AOM and SR activity, methane, sulfate, sulfide, pH, total chlorins, and a variety of other geochemical parameters. Depth-integrated rates of AOM within the SMT were between 7 and 1124 mmol m−2 a−1, effectively removing methane below the sediment-water interface. Single measurements revealed AOM peaks of 2 to 51 nmol cm−3 d−1, with highest rates at the shallowest station (800 m). The methane turnover was higher than in other diffusive systems of similar ocean depth. This higher turnover was most likely due to elevated organic matter input in this upwelling region offering significant amounts of substrates for methanogenesis. SR within the SMT was mostly fuelled by methane. AOM led to the formation of isotopically light DIC (δ13C: −24.6‰ VPDB) and of distinct layers of authigenic carbonates (δ13C: −14.6‰ VPDB). AU - Treude, Tina AU - Niggemann, Jutta AU - Kallmeyer, Jens AU - Wintersteller, Paul AU - Schubert, Carsten J. AU - Boetius, Antje AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker DA - 2005/06/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.002 IS - 11 PY - 2005 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 2767–2779 ST - Anaerobic oxidation of methane and sulfate reduction along the Chilean continental margin T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Anaerobic oxidation of methane and sulfate reduction along the Chilean continental margin UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.002 VL - 69 ID - 6610 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Turgeon, Steven C. AU - Creaser, Robert A. IS - 7202 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Alberta, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, AB Affiliation (monographic): University of Alberta, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada Coordinates: N091600 N091600 W0543300 W0543300 illus. Contains 30 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Nature (London), 454(7202), p.323-326. Publisher: Macmillan Journals, London, United Kingdom. ISSN: 0028-0836 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2008108338 DOI: 10.1038/nature07076 KW - Atlantic Ocean C-13/C-12 Carbon Cenomanian Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic Geochemistry Isotope ratios Isotopes Large igneous provinces Leg 207 Magmatism Mesozoic Metals OAE 2 ODP Site 1260 Ocean Drilling Program Oceanic anoxic events Os-188/Os-187 Osmium Paleo-oceanography Paleoenvironment Platinum group Stable isotopes Turonian Upper Cretaceous 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PY - 2008 SN - 0028-0836 SP - 323–326 ST - Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 triggered by a massive magmatic episode T2 - Nature TI - Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 triggered by a massive magmatic episode UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07076 VL - 454 ID - 6691 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - van Andel, T.H., and Shor, G.G., Jr. (Eds.) AB - The Gulf of California is a long, narrow basin which is almost completely separated from the Pacific Ocean by the mountainous Peninsula of Baja California and bordered on the east by a coastal plain and the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. The northern Gulf, with the exception of the deep Sal si Puedes Basin, is at shelf depth and receives sediment mainly from the Colorado River. Modern deposition is restricted to the vicinity of the Colorado River delta, to areas of sandy littoral sediments fringing the margins, and to somewhat diatomaceous clays in the deepest basin. Over most of the area, glauconitic sands, thought to belong to the post-Pleistocene transgression, occur at the surface.The central and southern portions of the Gulf consist of a series of basins which increase in depth southward from 500 to nearly 2,000 fathoms. A fairly wide and depositional shelf occurs on the eastern side; the western shelf is narrow, rocky, and mainly erosional. Sediment supply is lateral, and dispersal is essentially perpendicular to the basin axis. The eastern supply is dominant. The distribution and characteristics of the shelf facies are controlled by the rate of sediment supply and the rate of marine redispersal, which are functions of climate and basin shape, respectively. In areas of very low sediment supply, calcarenites occur; elsewhere, the shelf sediments are similar to those of the Gulf of Mexico.In the deeper portion, several fans occur with thin sand layers, which are presumed to be turbidites. Such fans are found in areas of major sediment supply off the Fuerte and Yaqui Rivers and around Cape San Lucas, where numerous submarine canyons channel turbidity-current flow. Well-defined slope facies can be recognized. The slope facies of the western margin, which is starved with respect to terrigenous material, is fairly calcareous. The deposits of the central basins are diatomites, as a result of the very high organic productivity in surface waters caused by a circulation pattern of wind-driven surface currents which remove surface water to the open Pacific. This surface water is replaced by upwelling of deeper Pacific water rich in nutrients and dissolved silica. All deposited biogenous silica can be accounted for by this mechanism. The southern basins are predominantly terrigenous and very fine grained, notwithstanding the nearness of the sources of sediments. AU - van Andel, Tjeerd H. CY - AAPG Memoir DO - 10.1306/m3359c11 N1 - DOI does not resolve https://doi.org/10.1306/M3359C11. I reported it to CrossRef. PY - 1964 SN - 9781629812342 ST - Recent Marine Sediments of Gulf of California SV - 3 T2 - Marine Geology of the Gulf of California: A Symposium TI - Recent Marine Sediments of Gulf of California UR - https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1473/chapter/107177922/Recent-Marine-Sediments-of-Gulf-of-California1 Y2 - 1/26/2021 ID - 7064 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the Sonora Margin cold seep ecosystems (Gulf of California), sediments underlying microbial mats harbor high biogenic methane concentrations, fueling various microbial communities, such as abundant lineages of anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME). However, the biodiversity, distribution, and metabolism of the microorganisms producing this methane remain poorly understood. In this study, measurements of methanogenesis using radiolabeled dimethylamine, bicarbonate, and acetate showed that biogenic methane production in these sediments was mainly dominated by methylotrophic methanogenesis, while the proportion of autotrophic methanogenesis increased with depth. Congruently, methane production and methanogenic Archaea were detected in culture enrichments amended with trimethylamine and bicarbonate. Analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and reverse-transcribed PCR-amplified 16S rRNA sequences retrieved from these enrichments revealed the presence of active methylotrophic Methanococcoides burtonii relatives and several new autotrophic Methanogenium lineages, confirming the cooccurrence of Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales methanogens with abundant ANME populations in the sediments of the Sonora Margin cold seeps. AU - Vigneron, Adrien AU - L'Haridon, Stéphane AU - Godfroy, Anne AU - Roussel, Erwan G. AU - Cragg, Barry A. AU - Parkes, R. John AU - Toffin, Laurent DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00147-15 IS - 10 PY - 2015 SP - 3451–3459 ST - Evidence of active methanogen communities in shallow sediments of the Sonora margin cold seeps T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology TI - Evidence of active methanogen communities in shallow sediments of the Sonora margin cold seeps UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00147-15 VL - 81 ID - 6531 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Pisciotto, K.A., Ingle, J.C., Jr., Von Breymann, M., Barron, J., et al. AU - von Breymann, Marta T. AU - Brumsack, Hans-Jürgen AU - Emeis, K. C. CY - College Station, TX DO - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.127128-1.168.1992 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX Affiliation (monographic): Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States Coordinates: N383655 N435912 E1392451 E1343209; N370218 N401130 E1381356 E1335200 4 tables, sketch map Contains 37 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program; Scientific results; Japan Sea; covering legs 127 and 128 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution; Leg 127, Tokyo, Japan, to Pusan, South Korea, sites 794-797, 19 June 1989-20 August, 1989; Leg 128, Pusan, South Korea, to Pusan, South Korea, sites 794, 798-799, 20 August, 1989-15 October 1989, Kensaku Tamaki, Kenneth A. Pisciotto, James Allan, Joanne M. Alexandrovich, David A. Barnes, Sam Boggs, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Charlotte A. Brunner, Adrian Cramp, Laurent Jolivet, Orest E. Kawka, Itaru Koizumi, Shin'ichi Kuramoto, Marcus G. Langseth, James McEvoy, Jeffrey A. Meredith, Karl A. Mertz, Jr., Richard W. Murray, David C. Nobes, Atiur Rahman, Ralph Schaar, Kathryn P. Stewart, Ryuji Tada, Peter Thy, Luigi Vigliotti, Lisa D. White, Jobst J. M. Wippern, Shigeru Yamashita, James C. Ingle, Jr., Kiyoshi Suyehiro, Marta T. von Breymann, James S. Bristow, Lloyd H. Burckle, Jacques Charvet, Barry A. Cragg, Peter B. deMenocal, Robert B. Dunbar, Karl B. Föllmi, John R. Griffin, Kurt A. Grimm, Yozo Hamano, Naoshi Hirata, Peter Holler, Caroline M. Isaacs, Michio Kato, Richard Kettler, Tara Kheradyar, Klaus A. O. Krumsiek, Hsin-Yi Ling, Ryo Matsumoto, Jay P. Muza, Ronald J. Parkes, André Pouclet, Steven D. Scott, Ruediger Stein, Anne A. Sturz, Norman J. Stewart, William Winkler, R., Sondra K. Stewart, Elsa K. Mazzullo and Amanda R. Masterson. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol.127-128, p.651-665. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5891 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1994056707 DOI: 10.2973.odp.proc.sr.127128-1.168.1992 KW - Alkaline earth metals Authigenesis Barite Barium Carbon Deposition Diagenesis Geochemistry Japan Sea Leg 127 Leg 128 Materials Metals North Pacific Northwest Pacific Ocean Drilling Program Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Pore water Sedimentation Sedimentation rates Sediments Siliceous composition Sulfates West Pacific 02 Geochemistry 06 Petrology, Sedimentary LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1992 SN - 0884-5891 SP - 651–665 ST - Depositional and diagenetic behavior of barium in the Japan Sea T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Depositional and diagenetic behavior of barium in the Japan Sea UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.127128-1.168.1992 VL - 127/128, Pt. 1 ID - 6508 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Suess, E., von Huene, R., et al. AU - von Breymann, Marta T. AU - Emeis, Kay-Christian AU - Camerlenghi, Angelo CY - College Station, TX DO - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.200.1990 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Ocean Drill. Program, College Station, TX Affiliation (monographic): Ocean Drill. Program, College Station, TX, United States Coordinates: S132849 S085929 W0765329 W0803501 illus. incl. sketch map Contains 28 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Peru continental margin; covering Leg 112 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, Callao, Peru to Valparaiso, Chile, sites 679-688, 20 October 1986-25 December 1986, Erwin Suess, Roland von Huene, K. C. Emeis, Jacques Bourgois, José del C. Cruzado Castañeda, Patrick De Wever, Geoffrey Eglinton, Robert E. Garrison, Matthew L. Greenberg, Elard Herrera Paz, Philip R. Hill, Masako Ibaraki, Miriam Kastner, Alan E. S. Kemp, Keith A. Kvenvolden, Robert Langridge, Nancy Lindsley-Griffin, Janice C. Marsters, Erlend Martini, Robert McCabe, Leonidas Ocola, Johanna M. Resig, Agapito Wilfredo Sanchez Fernandez, Hans Joachim Schrader, Todd M. Thornburg, Gerold Wefer, Makoto Yamano and Sondra Stewart. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol.112, p.491-503. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5891 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1991057162 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.200.1990 KW - Alkaline earth metals Barium Biogenic processes Carbon Clastic sediments Continental margin Continental shelf Continental slope Currents Deposition Detritus Environment Geochemistry Indicators Leg 112 Metals Mud Ocean Drilling Program Ocean circulation Ocean currents Oceanography Organic carbon Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Peru Sedimentation Sediments South America Upwelling 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1990 SN - 0884-5891 SP - 491–503 ST - Geochemistry of sediments from the Peru upwelling area: results from Sites 680, 682, 685, and 688 T2 - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results TI - Geochemistry of sediments from the Peru upwelling area: results from Sites 680, 682, 685, and 688 UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.200.1990 VL - 112 ID - 6509 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The three hydrothermal fields at 21°N latitude, East Pacific Rise, were resampled and an additional one was discovered. Maximum fluid temperatures observed were within a few degrees of 350°C and these waters had concentrations of Mg and sulfate indistinguishable from zero. One field, NGS, which had active 350°C springs in 1979, was inactive when first located in 1981. However, when a chimney was broken open during sampling, water issued at 273°C and continued to flow for at least five days. The chemical composition strongly suggests that these waters cooled conductively from 350°C in the sealed conduit. The major ion data are consistent with the estimates based on extrapolation of the original measurements made on the hot springs from the Galapagos Spreading Center (Edmondet al., 1979a). The fluids have a pH of 3.5 and the sulfide-forming element concentrations show significant inter-field variations. Fe levels range from 0.8 to 2.4 mmoles/kg; the ratio Fe:Mn varies from 0.9 to 2.9 similar to metalliferous sediments on the ridge flanks, but much higher than observed at Galapagos (where sub-surface precipitation of iron sulfides occurs) indicating that the overwhelming proportion of the mass flux from hydrothermal systems occurs at high temperatures. Zn ranges from 40 to 106 μmoles/kg with Cu being substantially lower. Since the ratio of these elements in tholeiites is about unity, there is strong net preferential mobilization of Zn. Lead ranges from 183 to 359 nmoles/kg. Nickel and Be are highly immobile relative to the other trace elements. The abundance of H2S is about three times that of the total sulfide-forming cations. These data demonstrate that acid solutions at elevated temperatures can transport substantial amounts of ore-forming elements in the presence of large excesses of sulfide. AU - Von Damm, K. L. AU - Edmond, J. M. AU - Grant, B. AU - Measures, C. I. AU - Walden, B. AU - Weiss, R. F. DA - 1985/11/01/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4 IS - 11 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016703785902224 PY - 1985 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 2197–2220 ST - Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21°N, East Pacific Rise T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21°N, East Pacific Rise UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4 VL - 49 ID - 7065 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The transient heating of a needle probe is used to measure the thermal conductivity of deep-sea sediments in 10 minutes or less. An accuracy of 3 to 4 per cent compares favorably with steady-state methods, and measurements by both methods on the same sediments show good agreement. Thermal diffusivity of deep-sea sediments is shown to be proportional to thermal conductivity, in agreement with theoretical expectations. AU - Von Herzen, R. AU - Maxwell, A. E. DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i010p01557 IS - 10 N1 - https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JZ064i010p01557 PY - 1959 SN - 0148-0227 SP - 1557–1563 ST - The measurement of thermal conductivity of deep-sea sediments by a needle-probe method T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - The measurement of thermal conductivity of deep-sea sediments by a needle-probe method UR - https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i010p01557 VL - 64 ID - 6854 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two sediment cores retrieved at the northern slope of Sakhalin Island, Sea of Okhotsk, were analyzed for biogenic opal, organic carbon, carbonate, sulfur, major element concentrations, mineral contents, and dissolved substances including nutrients, sulfate, methane, major cations, humic substances, and total alkalinity. Down-core trends in mineral abundance suggest that plagioclase feldspars and other reactive silicate phases (olivine, pyroxene, volcanic ash) are transformed into smectite in the methanogenic sediment sections. The element ratios Na/Al, Mg/Al, and Ca/Al in the solid phase decrease with sediment depth indicating a loss of mobile cations with depth and producing a significant down-core increase in the chemical index of alteration. Pore waters separated from the sediment cores are highly enriched in dissolved magnesium, total alkalinity, humic substances, and boron. The high contents of dissolved organic carbon in the deeper methanogenic sediment sections (50–150mgdm−3) may promote the dissolution of silicate phases through complexation of Al3+ and other structure-building cations. A non-steady state transport-reaction model was developed and applied to evaluate the down-core trends observed in the solid and dissolved phases. Dissolved Mg and total alkalinity were used to track the in-situ rates of marine silicate weathering since thermodynamic equilibrium calculations showed that these tracers are not affected by ion exchange processes with sediment surfaces. The modeling showed that silicate weathering is limited to the deeper methanogenic sediment section whereas reverse weathering was the dominant process in the overlying surface sediments. Depth-integrated rates of marine silicate weathering in methanogenic sediments derived from the model (81.4–99.2mmol CO2m−2year−1) are lower than the marine weathering rates calculated from the solid phase data (198–245mmol CO2m−2year−1) suggesting a decrease in marine weathering over time. The production of CO2 through reverse weathering in surface sediments (4.22–15.0mmol CO2m−2year−1) is about one order of magnitude smaller than the weathering-induced CO2 consumption in the underlying sediments. The evaluation of pore water data from other continental margin sites shows that silicate weathering is a common process in methanogenic sediments. The global rate of CO2 consumption through marine silicate weathering estimated here as 5–20Tmol CO2year−1 is as high as the global rate of continental silicate weathering. AU - Wallmann, K. AU - Aloisi, G. AU - Haeckel, M. AU - Tishchenko, P. AU - Pavlova, G. AU - Greinert, J. AU - Kutterolf, S. AU - Eisenhauer, A. DA - 2008/06/15/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.026 IS - 12 N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703708001981 PY - 2008 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 2895–2918 ST - Silicate weathering in anoxic marine sediments T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Silicate weathering in anoxic marine sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.026 VL - 72 ID - 6724 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hydrothermal vents along mid-ocean systems host unique, highly productive biological communities, based on microbial chemoautotrophy, that thrive on the sulphur, metals, nitrogen and carbon emitted from the vents into the deep ocean. Geochemical studies of vents have centred on analyses of high-temperature, focused hydrothermal vents, which exhibit very high flow rates and are generally considered too hot for microbial life. Geochemical fluxes and metabolic activity associated with habitable, lower temperature diffuse fluids remain poorly constrained. As a result, little is known about the extent to which microbial communities, particularly in the subsurface, influence geochemical flux from more diffuse flows. Here, we estimate the net flux of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen from diffuse and focused hydrothermal vents along the Juan de Fuca ridge, using an in situ mass spectrometer and flowmeter. We show that geochemical flux from diffuse vents can equal or exceed that emanating from hot, focused vents. Notably, hydrogen concentrations in fluids emerging from diffuse vents are 50% to 80% lower than predicted. We attribute the loss of hydrogen in diffuse vent fluids to microbial consumption in the subsurface, and suggest that subsurface microbial communities can significantly influence hydrothermal geochemical fluxes to the deep ocean. AU - Wankel, Scott D. AU - Germanovich, Leonid N. AU - Lilley, Marvin D. AU - Genc, Gence AU - DiPerna, Christopher J. AU - Bradley, Alexander S. AU - Olson, Eric J. AU - Girguis, Peter R. DA - 2011/07/01 DO - 10.1038/ngeo1183 IS - 7 PY - 2011 SN - 1752-0908 SP - 461–468 ST - Influence of subsurface biosphere on geochemical fluxes from diffuse hydrothermal fluids T2 - Nature Geoscience TI - Influence of subsurface biosphere on geochemical fluxes from diffuse hydrothermal fluids UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1183 VL - 4 ID - 7091 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Depth distribution and temperature dependence of bacterial sulfate reduction were studied in hydrothermal surface sediments of the southern trough of the Guaymas Basin at 2000 m water depth. In situ temperatures ranged from 2.8°C at the sediment surface to >130°C at 30 cm depth in the proximity of active vent chimneys. Sediment cores recovered from geothermally heated mud were incubated in the laboratory at 12°C, 25°C, 35°C, 70°C, 80°C and 90°C. The peak rates of bacterial sulfate reduction, up to 2550 nmol cm -3 d -1, were found in surface sediments (0-5 cm) covered with Beggiatoa mats. In sediments with a higher diffuse flow of hydrothermal fluid, a substrate pool ascending with the fluid flow was apparently available in the subsurface sediment below 15 cm, and the thermophilic sulfate reduction rose to a subsurface maximum of 3350 nmol cm -3 d -1 at 70°C. In cold sediments, a few hundred meters outside the hydrothermal fields, sulfate reduction rates peaked at only 12 nmol cm -3 d -1, i.e. >200-fold lower. When incubated in a temperature gradient block at 31 increments over 0-120°C, the hydrothermal surface sediments revealed meso- to thermophilic optimum temperatures for sulfate reduction between 40°C and 60°C. In hydrothermal sediment from 15-20 cm depth with in situ temperatures of 71-93°C, thermo- to hyperthermophilic sulfate reduction was found in the temperature range 70-100°C. Sulfate reduction was not detected above 100°C. AD - AA(Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany), AB(Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany) AU - Weber, Andreas AU - Jørgensen, Bo Barker DA - May 01, 2002 DO - 10.1016/s0967-0637(01)00079-6 IS - 5 N1 - https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002DSRI...49..827W PY - 2002 SP - 827–841 ST - Bacterial sulfate reduction in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, Mexico T2 - Deep Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research TI - Bacterial sulfate reduction in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, Mexico UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00079-6 VL - 49 ID - 7092 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Baez, Linda A. A2 - Scroggs, John M. AU - Wefer, G., Berger, W.H., Richter, C., et al. CY - College Station, TX J2 - Affiliation (analytic): University of Bremen, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Bremen Coordinates: S350000 S050000 E0200000 E0050000 Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Monograph Bibliographic Level: Monograph Source Note: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Part A: Initial Reports, Vol.175(Part 1), 577p. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0884-5883 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2000005041 DOI: 10.2973/odp.proc.ir.175.1998 KW - Africa Angola Dome Angola-Benguela Current Atlantic Ocean Benguela Current Cenozoic Climate change Climate forcing Coastal environment Diagenesis Leg 175 Marine geology Neogene Ocean Drilling Program Orbital forcing Paleo-oceanography Paleoclimatology Productivity Sedimentation Sedimentation rates South Atlantic Tertiary Upwelling West Africa 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - Ocean Drilling Program PY - 1998 SN - 0884-5883 ; SP - 577 ST - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports TI - Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.175.1998 VL - 175 ID - 6563 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Deep-sea sediments become apparently more hostile to life with increasing depth as temperature and pressure rise, and organic matter becomes increasingly recalcitrant. Demonstrations of high bacterial populations in deep sediments1,2 may thus appear enigmatic. How, then, can the continued presence of active bacterial populations in deep sediments that are over 10 million years old be explained? Although volatile fatty acids, particularly acetate, are important intermediates in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter3,4, their concentrations are kept very low in sediments (<15 µM) by rapid bacterial consumption5,6. Here we show that heating surface coastal marine sediments to simulate increasing temperature during burial produces an increase of over three orders of magnitude in acetate concentration and increases bacterial activity. We found that pore-water acetate concentration at two sites in the Atlantic Ocean increased at depths below about 150 m and was associated with a significant stimulation in bacterial activity. Comparing these acetate concentrations to in situ temperatures confirmed that there was a notable generation of acetate associated with temperature increases during burial. This was supported by heating experiments with deep sediments. Thus, acetate generation from organic matter during burial may explain the presence of a deep bacterial biosphere in marine sediments, and could underpin an even deeper and hotter biosphere than has previously been considered. AU - Wellsbury, Peter AU - Goodman, Kim AU - Barth, Tanja AU - Cragg, Barry A. AU - Barnes, Stephen P. AU - Parkes, R. John DA - 1997/08/01 DO - 10.1038/41544 IS - 6642 PY - 1997 SN - 1476-4687 SP - 573–576 ST - Deep marine biosphere fuelled by increasing organic matter availability during burial and heating T2 - Nature TI - Deep marine biosphere fuelled by increasing organic matter availability during burial and heating UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/41544 VL - 388 ID - 6684 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wentworth, Chester K. DO - 10.1086/622910 IS - 5 N1 - https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/622910 PY - 1922 SP - 377–392 ST - A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments T2 - The Journal of Geology TI - A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/622910 VL - 30 ID - 6855 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Curray, J.R., Moore, D.G., et al. AU - Whelan, Jean K. AU - Hunt, John M. CY - Washington, DC J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA Affiliation (monographic): Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA, United States Coordinates: N225700 N275400 W1085900 W1113900 illus. incl. 4 tables Contains 21 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project; IPOD International Phase of Ocean Drilling Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project covering Leg 64 of the cruises of the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger, Mazatlán, Mexico to Long Beach, California, December, 1978-January, 1979; Part 2, edited by Joseph R. Curray, Jan Blakeslee, Lawrence W. Platt, Larry N. Stout, David G. Moore, J. Eduardo Aguayo, Marie-Pierre Aubry, Einsele Gerhard, Daniel J. Fornari, Joris M. Gieskes, José Guerrero-Garcia, Miriam Kastner, Kerry R. Kelts, Mitchell Lyle, Yasumochi Matoba, Adolfo Molina-Cruz, Jeffrey Niemitz, Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola, Andrew D. Saunders, Hans Schrader, Bernd R. T. Simoneit and Victor Vacquier. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 64(2), p.763-779. Publisher: Texas A & M University, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, United States. ISSN: 0080-8334 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1983011113 DOI: 10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.123.1982 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkenes Aromatic hydrocarbons Cenozoic Cyclohexene DSDP Site 474 DSDP Site 476 DSDP Site 477 DSDP Site 478 DSDP Site 479 DSDP Site 481 Deep Sea Drilling Project Diagenesis Dimethylcyclopentene East Pacific Genesis Geochemistry Gulf of California Hexene Holocene Hydrocarbons Hydrothermal alteration IPOD Intrusions Leg 64 Marine sediments Metasomatism Methylcyclohexane Methylpentene Migration N-heptane North Pacific Northeast Pacific Oceanography Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Pleistocene Quaternary Sea-floor spreading Sedimentation Sediments Sills Toluene 02 Geochemistry 07 Marine Geology and Oceanography LA - English PB - US Government Printing Office PY - 1982 SN - 0080-8334 SP - 763–780 ST - C1–C8 hydrocarbons in Leg 64 sediments, Gulf of California T2 - Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project TI - C1–C8 hydrocarbons in Leg 64 sediments, Gulf of California UR - https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.64.123.1982 VL - 64 ID - 6689 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whelan, Jean K. AU - Simoneit, Bernd R. T. AU - Tarafa, Martha E. IS - 2 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA Affiliation (monographic): Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA, United States illus. incl. 5 tables, sketch maps Contains 84 references Research Program: DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Organic Geochemistry, 12(2), p.171-194. Publisher: Pergamon, Oxford-New York, International. ISSN: 0146-6380 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2019 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 1988058574 KW - Aliphatic hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Aromatic hydrocarbons Continental borderland DSDP Site 481A Deep Sea Drilling Project East Pacific Geochemistry Guaymas Basin Gulf of California Hydrocarbons Hydrothermal conditions Migration North Pacific Northeast Pacific Organic compounds Organic materials Pacific Ocean Sediments 02 Geochemistry LA - English PY - 1988 SN - 0146-6380 SP - 171–194 ST - C1–C8 hydrocarbons in sediments from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California—comparison to Peru margin, Japan Trench and California borderlands T2 - Organic Geochemistry TI - C1–C8 hydrocarbons in sediments from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California—comparison to Peru margin, Japan Trench and California borderlands UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90253-7 VL - 12 ID - 6690 ER - TY - JOUR AU - White, James D. L. AU - McPhie, Jocelyn AU - Skilling, Ian DA - 2000/05/01 DO - 10.1007/s004450050293 PY - 2000 SN - 1432-0819 SP - 65–66 ST - Peperite: a useful genetic term T2 - Bulletin of Volcanology TI - Peperite: a useful genetic term UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050293 VL - 62 ID - 6685 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Balows, A., Trüper, H.G., Dworkin, M., Harder, W., and Schleifer, K.H. (Eds.) AB - An overview of the sulfate-reduction process is given in Chapter 24. Most types of dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that have been isolated from nature and described so far are mesophilic, nonsporeforming anaerobes. They are members of the delta subdivision of the proteobacteria. The earliest known representative of this category is Desulfovibrio (Beijerinck, 1895). Further investigations have revealed a great morphological and nutritional diversity within this group. Various cell types have been described including cocci; oval or long straight rods; more or less curved rods or spirilla; cell packets; cells with gas vesicles; and gliding, multicellular filaments (Figs. 7–9). Electron donors used for sulfate reduction include H2, alcohols, fatty acids, other monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, some amino acids, a few sugars, phenyl-substituted acids, and some other aromatic compounds (Table 2). Even long-chain alkanes can be anaerobically oxidized by a particular type of sulfate-reducing bacterium (Aeckersberg et al., 1991). The utilization of polysaccharides or polypeptides, such as has been observed with the extremely thermophilic sulfate-reducing archaebacterium Archaeoglobus (Stetter, 1988; Stetter et al., 1987), has not been reported for mesophilic sulfate reducers. AU - Widdel, F. AU - Bak, F. CY - New York PB - Springer PY - 1992 ST - Gram-negative mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria T2 - The Prokaryotes TI - Gram-negative mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2191-1_21 ID - 6856 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A refined high resolution Neogene North Pacific diatom biostratigraphy is presented. It is practical for precise dating and correlation in the northwest Pacific around Japan. Diatom biohorizons which have been proven to be of stratigraphic utility are selected, and their updated ages are estimated based on the geomagnetic polarity time scale of Cande and Kent (1995). Systematic code numbers are given to the useful diatom biohorizons. Akiba's (1986) Neogene North Pacific diatom zonation is slightly revised in order to adjust the differences between the other zonations. AU - Yanagisawa, Yukio AU - Akiba, Fumio DO - https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.104.395 IS - 6 J2 - Affiliation (analytic): Geological Survey of Japan, Geological Museum, Ibaraki Affiliation (monographic): Geological Survey of Japan, Geological Museum, Ibaraki, Japan Coordinates: N383655 N435912 E1392451 E1343209 illus., incl. 1 table Contains 80 references Research Program: ODP Ocean Drilling Program Document Type: Journal Article Bibliographic Level: Analytic Source Note: Chishitsugaku Zasshi = Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 104(6), p.395-414. Publisher: Nippon Chishitsugaku Gakkai, Tokyo, Japan. ISSN: 0016-7630 Copyright Information: GeoRef, Copyright 2020 American Geosciences Institute. GeoRef ID: 2001046105 URL access: Open access KW - Algae Biochronology Biostratigraphy Biozones Cenozoic Diatoms Japan Sea Leg 127 Microfossils Neogene North Pacific Northwest Pacific Ocean Drilling Program Pacific Ocean Plantae Tertiary West Pacific 12 Stratigraphy, Historical Geology and Paleoecology LA - English PY - 1998 SN - 0016-7630 SP - 395–414 ST - Refined Neogene diatom biostratigraphy for the Northwest Pacific around Japan, with an introduction of code numbers for selected diatom biohorizons T2 - Chishitsugaku Zasshi TI - Refined Neogene diatom biostratigraphy for the Northwest Pacific around Japan, with an introduction of code numbers for selected diatom biohorizons UR - https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.104.395 VL - 104 ID - 6586 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Bown, P.R. AU - Young, J.R. CY - Dordrecht, The Netherlands PB - Kluwer Academic Publishing PY - 1998 SP - 225–265 ST - Neogene nannofossils T2 - Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy TI - Neogene nannofossils ID - 6857 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Low molecular weight (LMW) compounds are key intermediates in organic matter degradation and their metabolism supports a diverse microbial community in anoxic sediments. Much remains to be learned about the metabolic pathways and turnover rates of LMW compounds as well as the factors that influence their metabolism in the environment. We studied the microbial metabolism of acetate, methanol and methylamine in sediments from Northern Gulf of Mexico to elucidate their role as energy and carbon sources for microorganisms mediating terminal metabolic processes and to constrain the importance of C1 and C2 metabolism in the sedimentary carbon cycle. In terms of carbon flow, methanogenesis was a minor process in sulfate-rich sediments; acetate and methanol were oxidized primarily by non-methanogenic heterotrophs as an energy source. A large fraction of utilized acetate (20–76%) was assimilated into biomass, suggesting that acetate was a significant biomass-building source. In situ thermodynamic calculations suggested the utilization of acetate and methanol by sulfate-reducing bacteria was more favorable than the utilization by methanogens, consistent with the observed higher oxidation rates than methanogenesis rates as well as results from inhibitor experiments employing 2-bromoethanesulfonate and molybdate. Methylamine, by contrast, was utilized for methane production (up to 100%), but its utilization was not limited to methanogens. At an organic-poor deep-sea site, elevated acetate and methanol oxidation rates in the absence of sulfate-reducing and methanogenic activity indicated that metabolism of LMW compounds was coupled to other electron accepting processes, such as denitrification. Heterotrophic carbon assimilation was an important pathway for generating biomass at this site, as evidenced by comparable rates of acetate assimilation to bicarbonate incorporation. The oxidation and assimilation rates of LMW compounds generally decreased with sediment depth, following the trend of organic carbon degradation rates. Environmental factor, such as temperature but not pressure, affected the metabolism of LMW compounds; the oxidation of acetate, methanol and methylamine exhibited distinct responses to changes in temperature. In seep sediments, the oxidation of acetate and methanol accounted for 5% and 0.9%, respectively, of the total organic carbon oxidation. Collectively, this assessment of C1 and C2 LMW compound utilization shows that these compounds serve as energetic substrates to fuel methanogens, sulfate reducers and other microbes. AU - Zhuang, Guang-Chao AU - Montgomery, Andrew AU - Joye, Samantha B. DA - 2019/02/15/ DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.10.019 KW - LMW compounds Acetate Methanol Methylamine Metabolic activity Methanogenesis Organic carbon degradation Marine sediment N1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703718306057 PY - 2019 SN - 0016-7037 SP - 243–260 ST - Heterotrophic metabolism of C1 and C2 low molecular weight compounds in northern Gulf of Mexico sediments: controlling factors and implications for organic carbon degradation T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta TI - Heterotrophic metabolism of C1 and C2 low molecular weight compounds in northern Gulf of Mexico sediments: controlling factors and implications for organic carbon degradation UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.10.019 VL - 247 ID - 6858 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Collinson, D.W., Creer, K.M., and Runcorn, S.K. (Eds.) AB - Summary The total magnetic composition of a rock sample can be revealed by a stepwise demagnetization. Hence these progressive demagnetizations are the most valuable bases in palaeomagnetic research. The best information is given by a combination of a few orthogonal projections of the curve, which the endpoint of the resultant vector of the natural magnetization describes in space during the progressive demagnetization. Such a projection combination allows a quick survey of the magnetizations present, their directions and size-ratios; moreover, directly from this, all data wanted can exactly be derived. Some of such demagnetization diagrams are given. By means of demagnetization it is thus possible to identify, in a sample collection, the various magnetizations in direction and size. Next, a determination of the different magnetizations usually occurs tentatively according to the direction of the magnetizations concerned, which, however, is by no means definite. Therefore it is preferable to avoid genetical denominations as long as no further determination is available, and instead of, for example, using the term “primary” magnetization, to speak of “characteristic” magnetization of a sample group. In this connection an example is given of the characteristic, though syntectonic magnetizations of the Devonian sediments of the Ardennes. It is discussed as to how far the hardness spectrum of different natural magnetizations shows a relation to their probable origin. From some examples it is showed that up to now, a single rule excepted (e.g., magnetizations with hardness spectrum entirely lower than 250 Oe are almost certain secondary viscous magnetizations) generally the hardness spectrum does not allow decisive conclusions concerning the origin of the natural magnetization. Further geological (field-tests), petrological and mineralogical investigations and comparative laboratory tests remain necessary to establish the true origin of the characteristic magnetization and with it its value for palaeomagnetism. AU - Zijderveld, J.D.A. CY - New York DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-2894-5.50049-5 PB - Elsevier PY - 2013 SN - 0419-0297 SP - 254–286 ST - A. C. demagnetization of rocks: analysis of results SV - Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics T2 - Methods in Paleomagnetism TI - A. C. demagnetization of rocks: analysis of results UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-2894-5.50049-5 VL - 3 ID - 6532 ER -