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Table T5. Astrochronological age estimates of nannofossil events used as biostratigraphic tie-points. (See table notes.)

Event Zone
(base)		 Age
(Ma)
X Gephyrocapsa spp. (>3.5 µm)–Emiliania huxleyi
0.063
FO Emiliania huxleyi NN21 0.291
LO Pseudoemiliania lacunosa NN20 0.436
LCO Reticulofenestra asanoi
0.9
RE Gephyrocapsa spp. (≥4 µm)
1.04
FCO Reticulofenestra asanoi
1.078*
LO Gephyrocapsa spp. (>5.5 µm)
1.24
LO Helicosphaera sellii
1.34
FCO Gephyrocapsa spp. (>5.5 µm)
1.46
FO Gephyrocapsa spp. (>5.5 µm)
1.560–1.617*
LO Calcidiscus macintyrei (≥11 µm)
1.6
FO Gephyrocapsa spp. (>3.5 µm)
1.67
LO Discoaster brouweri NN19 2.06
AB Discoaster triradiatus
2.135–2.216*
LO Discoaster pentaradiatus NN18 2.393–2.512*
LO Discoaster surculus NN17 2.52
LO Discoaster tamalis
2.87
LO Sphenolithus spp.
3.65
LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (>7 µm) NN16 3.79
FCO Discoaster asymmetricus NN15–NN14 4.13
LO Amaurolithus primus
4.5
LO Ceratolithus acutus
5.04
FO Ceratolithus rugosus NN13 5.12
FO Ceratolithus acutus
5.32
LO Discoaster quinqueramus NN12 5.59
LO Nicklithus amplificus
5.9*
PE Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (>7 µm)
7.1*
FO Amaurolithus spp. = FO Amaurolithus primus NN11b 7.362–7.424*
FCO Discoaster surculus
7.88
LCO Minylitha convallis
7.78–8.3*
FO Discoaster berggrenii NN11a 8.52
PB Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus NN10b 8.785
FO Discoaster pentaradiatus
9.1
LO Catinaster coalitus
9.416
FO Minylitha convallis
9.416
LO Discoaster hamatus NN10a 9.56
LO Catinaster calyculus
9.687*
X Discoaster hamatus–D. neohamatus
9.762*
FO Discoaster neohamatus
9.867–10.521*
LCO Discoaster exilis
10.427
FO Discoaster hamatus NN9 10.541
FO Discoaster calcaris
10.676
FO Discoaster bellus gr.
10.72
FO Discoaster brouweri
10.734–10.764*
FO Catinaster calyculus
10.785
FO Catinaster coalitus NN8 10.886
LO Coccolithus miopelagicus
10.97–11.02*
LCO Discoaster kugleri
11.578
FCO Discoaster kugleri NN7 11.863
LO Cyclicargolithus floridanus
12.037
LO Coronocyclus nitescens
12.254
LCO Calcidiscus premacintyrei
12.447
FCO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
12.671
LCO Cyclicargolithus floridanus
13.294
LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus NN6 13.532
LO Helicosphaera ampliaperta NN5 14.914*
AE Discoaster deflandrei
15.663*
FO Discoaster signus
15.702*
FCO Sphenolithus heteromorphus
17.721*
LCO Sphenolithus belemnos NN4 17.973*
LO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
18.315*
FO Sphenolithus belemnos NN3 18.921*
FO Helicosphaera ampliaperta
20.393*
X Helicosphaera euphratis–Helicosphaera carteri
20.894*
FCO Helicosphaera carteri
21.985*
LCO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
22.092*
FO Sphenolithus disbelemnos
22.760*
FO Discoaster druggi NN2 22.824*
LO Sphenolithus delphix
23.065*
FO Sphenolithus delphix
23.328*
LO Sphenolithus ciperoensis NN1 24.242*

Notes: Based on Raffi et al. (2006). X = crossover in abundance, FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence, LCO = last consistent occurrence, RE = reentrance, FCO = first consistent occurrence, AB = acme beginning, PB = paracme beginning, PE = paracme end, AE = acme end. * = datum based on Atlantic or Mediterranean records.

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