Table T1. Calcareous nannofossil datum events, Expedition 313. (See table notes.)
| Epoch |
Zone (Martini, 1971) |
Calcareous nannofossil event | Age (Ma) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pleistocene | NN21 | T Helicosphaera inversa | 0.16 | Sato et al., 1999 |
| B Emiliania huxleyi | 0.25 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| NN20 | T Pseudoemiliania lacunosa | 0.41 | Sato et al., 1999 | |
| NN19 | T Reticulofenestra asanoi | 0.85 | Sato et al., 1999 | |
| B Reticulofenestra asanoi | 1.16 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| T Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) | 1.21 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| T Helicosphaera sellii | 1.27 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| B Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) | 1.45 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| B Gephyrocapsa oceanica (>4 µm) | 1.65 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| B Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica (>4 µm) | 1.73 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| T Discoaster brouweri | 1.97 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| Pliocene | NN18 | T Discoaster pentaradiatus | 2.38 | Sato et al., 1999 |
| NN17 | T Discoaster surculus | 2.54 | Sato et al., 1999 | |
| NN16 | T Discoaster tamalis | 2.74 | Sato et al., 1999 | |
| T Sphenolithus spp. | 3.65 | Raffi and Flores, 1995 | ||
| T Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus | 3.85 | Sato et al., 1999 | ||
| NN14/NN15 | Bc Discoaster asymmetricus | 4.13 | Raffi et al., 2006 | |
| NN13 | T Amaurolithus spp. | 4.56 | Shackleton et al., 1995 | |
| T Ceratolithus acutus | 5.05 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| X Ceratolithus acutus/Ceratolithus rugosus | 5.07 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| B Ceratolithus rugosus | 5.09 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| NN12 | T Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 5.23 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | |
| B Ceratolithus acutus | 5.37 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| B Ceratolithus atlanticus | 5.40 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| T Discoaster quinqueramus | 5.60 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| Miocene | NN10/NN11 | T Amaurolithus amplificus | 5.90 | Berggren et al., 1995 |
| B Amaurolithus amplificus | 6.60 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Amaurolithus spp. | 7.20 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Discoaster berggrenii | 8.60 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| T Discoaster bollii | 9.10 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| T Discoaster hamatus | 9.40 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NN9 | T Catinaster calyculus | 9.64 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | |
| T Catinaster coalitus | 9.70 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| B Discoaster neohamatus | 10.45 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| B Discoaster hamatus | 10.48 | Backman and Raffi, 1997 | ||
| NN8 | B Catinaster calyculus | 10.70 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| B Catinaster coalitus | 11.30 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NN7 | T Coccolithus miopelagicus | 11.00 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| T Discoaster kugleri | 11.50 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Discoaster kugleri | 11.80 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NN6 | T Coronocyclus nitescens | 12.12 | Raffi and Flores, 1995 | |
| T Calcidiscus premacintyrei | 12.65 | Raffi and Flores, 1995 | ||
| T Cyclicargolithus floridanus | 13.19 | Raffi and Flores, 1995 | ||
| B Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus | 13.20 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| T Sphenolithus heteromorphus | 13.60 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NN5 | T Helicosphaera ampliaperta | 15.60 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| NN4 | Tc Discoaster deflandrei | 16.21 | Raffi and Flores, 1995 | |
| B Sphenolithus heteromorphus | 18.20 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| T Sphenolithus belemnos | 18.30 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NN3 | B Sphenolithus belemnos | 19.20 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| T Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus | 19.60 | * | ||
| NN2 | B Helicosphaera ampliaperta | 21.00 | Lourens et al., 2004† | |
| X Helicosphaera euphratis/Heliocosphaera carteri | 21.50 | Lourens et al., 2004† | ||
| Tc Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus | 22.90 | † | ||
| B Discoaster druggii | 23.20 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NN1 | B Sphenolithus disbelemnos | 23.50 | Shackleton et al., 1999 | |
| T Sphenolithus delphix | 23.80 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| T Dictyococcites bisectus | 23.90 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Sphenolithus delphix | 24.30 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| T Sphenolithus ciperoensis | 24.75 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| Oligocene | NP25 | T Sphenolithus distentus | 27.50 | Berggren et al., 1995 |
| NP24 | T Sphenolithus predistentus | 27.50 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| T Spenolithus pseudoradians | 29.10 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Sphenolithus ciperoensis | 29.90 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| NP23 | B Sphenolithus distentus | 30.40 | Olafsson and Villa, 1992 | |
| T Reticulofenestra umbilicus (>14 µm) | 32.30 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| Oligocene | NP22 | T Isthmolithus recurvus | 32.46 | Villa et al., 2008 |
| T Ericsonia formosa | 32.80 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| Eocene | NP21 | T Discoaster saipanensis | 34.20 | Berggren et al., 1995 |
| NP19/NP20 | T Discoaster barbadiensis | 34.30 | Berggren et al., 1995 | |
| T Cribrocentrum reticulatum | 35.00 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Reticulofenestra oamaruensis | 35.40 | Berggren et al., 1995 | ||
| B Isthmolithus recurvus | 36.00 | Berggren et al., 1995 |
Notes: * = age estimate derived through calibration to magnetostratigraphy at ODP Site 1218. † = age converted to Berggren et al. (1995) timescale. T = top, B = base, Bc = base common, X = abundance crossover, Tc = top common. Bold text = biostratigraphic marker for the base of each zone.
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