Table T3. Calibrated planktonic foraminifer and bolboformid datums, Expedition 317. (See table notes.)
| Planktonic foraminiferal datum/New Zealand stage boundary | Age (Ma) | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Berggren et al. (1995) |
GPTS (2008) |
||
| LO Hirsutella hirsuta | 0.34 | 0.34 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Haweran (Wq) Stage | 0.34 | 0.34 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia truncatulinoides | ~1.1 | ~1.1 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Truncorotalia tosaensis | ~1.1 | ~1.1 | Scott (pers. comm., ODP Site 1123) |
| HO Globoconella puncticuloides | ~1.5 | ~1.5 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Castlecliffian (Wc) Stage | 1.63 | 1.63 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia crassacarinina | 2.34 | 2.34 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia crassula | 2.40 | 2.40 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Nukumaruan (Wn) Stage | 2.40 | 2.40 | Cooper (2004) |
| Top upper Truncorotalia crassaformis dextral coiling zone | 2.45 | 2.45 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Zeaglobigerina woodi group | ~2.7 | ~2.7 | Crundwell (pers. obs., ODP Site 1123) |
| Base Mangapanian (Wm) Stage | 3.00 | 2.99 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base upper Truncorotalia crassaformis dextral coiling zone | 3.05 | 3.04 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia tosaensis | 3.09 | 3.09 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Truncorotalia crassaconica | 3.09 | 3.09 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella subconomiozea | 3.35 | 3.35 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Waipipian (Wp) Stage | 3.60 | 3.62 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella subconomiozea | 4.05 | 4.06 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella puncticuloides | ~4.3 | ~4.3 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella inflata s.s. (populations >50% with <3.5 chambers) | ~4.3 | ~4.3 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella puncticulata s.s. (populations <50% with >3.5 chambers) | ~4.3 | ~4.3 | Cooper (2004) |
| Top lower Truncorotalia crassaformis dextral coiling zone | 4.38 | 4.39 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base lower Truncorotalia crassaformis dextral coiling zone | 4.40 | 4.41 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella pliozea | 4.48 | 4.49 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella mons | 4.64 | 4.65 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia crassaconica | 4.75 | 4.75 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Truncorotalia aff. crassaconica | 4.75 | 4.75 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella puncticulata s.s. (populations <5% weakly keeled) | 5.28 | 5.30 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Opoitian (Wo) Stage | 5.28 | 5.30 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella sphericomiozea s.s. (populations >5% weakly keeled) | 5.28 | 5.30 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Globoconella pliozea | 5.38 | 5.42 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia crassaformis | 5.41 | 5.45 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella sphericomiozea s.s. upper-lower Tk proxy (populations >5% unkeeled) | 5.53 | 5.60 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Intra-Kapitean (uTk/lTk boundary) | 5.53 | 5.60 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella conomiozea s.s. (populations >5% keeled) | 5.53 | 5.60 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia aff. crassaconica | 5.57 | 5.64 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella mons | 5.84 | 5.97 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia neojuanai | 5.84 | 5.97 | Cooper (2004) = Truncorotalia aff. juanai |
| Top middle Truncorotalia juanai acme | 6.86 | 7.06 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Globoconella conomiozea s.s. (populations <10% with <4.5 chambers) | 6.87 | 7.07 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Base Kapitean (Tk) Stage | 6.87 | 7.07 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella miotumida s.s. (populations >10% with >4.5 chambers) | 6.87 | 7.07 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Base middle Truncorotalia juanai acme | 7.09 | 7.21 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Bolboforma praeintermedia (top BBi Zone) | 8.21 | 8.24 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Hirsutella cf. ichinosekiensis (non-carinate) | 8.24 | 8.28 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Bolboforma praeintermedia | 8.25 | 8.29 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Bolboforma metzmacheri ornata (BBi/BBm zonal boundary) | 8.28 | 8.32 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| LO Bolboforma metzmacheri ornata | 8.45 | 8.51 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Bolboforma metzmacheri s.s. (upper subzone) BBm-593/C | 8.78 | 8.85 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Intra-Tongaporutuan (uTt/lTt boundary) | 8.88 | 8.95 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoquadrina dehiscens upper-lower Tt proxy | 8.88 | 8.95 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Hirsutella cf. ichinosekiensis (weakly carinate) | 8.90 | 8.97 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Bolboforma metzmacheri s.s. (upper subzone) BBm-593/C | 9.01 | 9.08 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Top Tukemokihi Coiling Zone (TCZ) >20% dextral | 9.27 | 9.36 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Top subzone BBm-593/B (small smooth-walled phases) | 9.29 | 9.39 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base subzone BBm-593/B (small smooth-walled phases) | 9.31 | 9.41 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Tukemokihi Coiling Zone (TCZ) | 9.31 | 9.41 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Bolboforma metzmacheri s.s. (lower subzone) BBm-593/A | 9.34 | 9.44 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Bolboforma metzmacheri s.s. abundance spike (lower subzone) BBm-593/A | 9.44 | 9.53 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Bolboforma metzmacheri s.s. (lower subzone) BBm/BBc zonal boundary | 9.54 | 9.62 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Bolboforma gracilireticulata s.l. | 9.61 | 9.69 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| LO Bolboforma gracilireticulata s.l. | 9.75 | 9.79 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Bolboforma pentaspinosa | 10.08 | 10.15 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Bolboforma capsula | 10.13 | 10.20 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| LO Bolboforma pentaspinosa | 10.15 | 10.22 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| LO Bolboforma capsula (BBc/BBg zonal boundary) | 10.20 | 10.27 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Top Glomar coiling zone (GCZ) | 10.25 | 10.33 | Crundwell (2004) |
| HO Bolboforma gruetzmacheri | 10.31 | 10.39 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| HO Hirsutella panda (strongly keeled morphotypes) | 10.42 | 10.50 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Bolboforma gruetzmacheri | 10.46 | 10.54 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| LO Neogloboquadrina pachyderma s.l. | 10.48 | 10.56 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Glomar coiling zone (GCZ) | 10.48 | 10.56 | Crundwell (2004) |
| HO Paragloborotalia mayeri s.l. | 10.48 | 10.56 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top lower Truncorotalia juanai acme | 10.50 | 10.58 | Crundwell (2004) |
| HO Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. = top subzone BBs-593/E (BBg/BBs zonal boundary) | 10.50 | 10.58 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Top upper Hirsutella panda acme (>5%) | 10.56 | 10.64 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top Mapiri Coiling Zone (MCZ) | 10.57 | 10.65 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base upper Hirsutella panda acme (>5%) | 10.58 | 10.66 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Mapiri Coiling Zone (MCZ) | 10.60 | 10.68 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. abundance spike (subzone BBs-593/E) | 10.61 | 10.69 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/E | 10.70 | 10.79 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top lower Hirsutella panda acme (>5%) | 10.73 | 10.82 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/D | 10.80 | 10.89 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Truncorotalia juanai (base lower Tr. juanai acme)* | 10.82 | 10.91 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top Kaiti Coiling Zone (KCZ) | 10.82 | 10.91 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Base lower Hirsutella panda acme (>5%) | 10.82 | 10.91 | Crundwell (2004) |
| HCO Paragloborotalia mayeri s.l. (>5%) | 10.88 | 10.97 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Kaiti Coiling Zone (KCZ) Tt/Sw proxy | 10.92 | 11.01 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Base Tongaporutuan (Tt) Stage | 10.92 | 11.01 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/D | 10.97 | 11.06 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/C | 11.17 | 11.23 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/C | 11.23 | 11.29 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/B | 11.29 | 11.36 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Base Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/B | 11.47 | 11.55 | Crundwell (2004) |
| Top Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. subzone BBs-593/A | 11.50 | 11.58 | Crundwell (2004) |
| LO Bolboforma subfragoris s.l. = base subzone BBs-593/A (base BBs Zone) | 11.56 | 11.64 | Crundwell and Nelson (2007) |
| Base Waiauan (Sw) Stage | ~12.7 | ~12.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Menardella praemenardii | ~12.7 | ~12.8 | Crundwell (unpubl. data, DSDP Site 593) |
| HO Paragloborotalia partimlabiata | ~12.7 | ~12.8 | Crundwell (unpubl. data, DSDP Site 593) |
| HO Bolboforma cf. clodiusi | 12.83 | 12.89 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella conica | 12.98 | Crundwell (unpubl. data, ODP Site 1171) | |
| LO Bolboforma cf. clodiusi | 13.06 | 13.09 | Cooper (2004) |
| LCO Paragloborotalia mayeri s.l. | 13.33 | Crundwell (unpubl. data, ODP Site 1171) | |
| LO Truncoroalia juanai | 13.72 | Crundwell (unpubl. data, ODP Site 1171) | |
| LO Orbulina universa (population) | 16.53 | 14.62 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Fohsella peripheroronda | ~14.8 | ~14.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Orbulina suturalis (population) | ~15.1 | ~15.1 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Lillburnian (Sl) Stage | ~15.1 | ~15.1 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Praeorbulina circularis (population) | ~15.4 | ~15.4 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Praeorbulina glomerosa (population) | ~15.6 | ~15.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Praeorbulina curva (population) | ~15.9 | ~15.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Clifdenian (Sc) Stage | ~15.9 | ~15.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| Globoconella miozea (coiling transition – 20% dextral threshold) | 16.06 | 16.02 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella zealandica | 16.7 | 16.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella miozea | 16.7 | 16.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globorotalia praescitula | 16.7 | 16.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globoconella incognita | 18.5 | 18.3 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Zeaglobigerina connecta | ~18.8 | ~18.5 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globigerinoides trilobus | 19.0 | 18.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella praescitula | 19.0 | 18.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Altonian (Pl) Stage | 19.0 | 18.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Catapsydrax dissimilis | 19.0 | 18.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoconella incognita | ~20.2 | ~19.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Otaian (Po) Stage | 21.7 | 21.0 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Chiloguembelina triseriata | ~23.5 | ~22.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Zeaglobigerina connecta | ~23.7 | ~22.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Zeaglobigerina euapertura | 23.8 | 23.0 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Zeaglobigerina woodi | ~24.0 | ~23.3 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Globorotaloides testarugosa | ~24.0 | ~23.3 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Neogloboquadrina opima | ~24.5 | ~23.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Zeaglobigerina laibicrassata | ~24.5 | ~23.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Chiloguembelina cubensis | ~24.5 | ~23.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoquadrina dehiscens | 25.2 | 24.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Waitakian (Lw) Stage | 25.2 | 24.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Tenuitella munda | ~25.2 | ~24.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Zeaglobigerina brazieri | ~25.5 | ~24.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Fohsella kugleri | ~26.5 | ~26.1 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Streptochilus pristinus | ~27.2 | ~26.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globoquadrina tripartita | 27.3 | 27.0 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Duntroonian (Ld) Stage | 27.3 | 27.0 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Antarcticella zeocenica | ~27.3 | 27.0 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globigerinopsis obesa | ~29.5 | ~29.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Chiloguembelina ototara | ~29.5 | ~29.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| Intra-Whaingaroan (upper/lower boundary) | 30.0 | 30.1 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Subbotina angiporoides | 30.0 | 30.1 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Tenuitella ciperoensis | ~30.3 | ~30.4 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Zeaglobigerina euapertura | ~30.5 | ~30.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Catapsydrax dissimilis | ~30.5 | ~30.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| HO Zeaglobigerina ampliapertura | ~30.5 | ~30.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Neogloboquadrina opima | ~30.5 | ~30.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globigerina juvenilis | ~30.5 | ~30.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Zeaglobigerina laibicrassata | ~30.5 | ~30.6 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Globorotaloides testarugosa | ~31.5 | ~31.7 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Tenuitella munda | ~32.7 | ~32.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| LO Chiloguembelina cubensis | ~33.7 | ~33.9 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Whaingaroan (Lwh) Stage | 34.3 | 34.4 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Runangan (Ar) Stage | 36.0 | 36.0 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Kaiatan (Ak) Stage | 37.0 | 36.8 | Cooper (2004) |
| Base Bortonian (Ab) Stage | 43.0 | 42.0 | Cooper (2004) |
Notes: Modified after Cooper (2004); based on Ogg et al. (2008). GPTS = geomagnetic polarity timescale. LO = lowest occurrence, HO = highest occurrence, HCO = highest common occurrence, LCO = lowest common occurrence.
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