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Table T5. Age estimates of planktonic foraminifer datum events, Expedition 329.

Species event Age (Ma) Zone/Subzone base Reference
T Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) tosaensis 0.61 PT1b Srinivasan and Sinha, 1992
T Globigerinoides fistulosus 1.77 PT1a Shackleton et al., 1990
Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary 1.81   Lourens et al., 2004
B Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) truncatulinoides 1.92   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globigerinoides extremus 1.98   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globorotalia pseudomiocenica 2.3 PL6 Berggren et al., 1995
T Globoturborotalita woodi 2.3   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globorotalia (Menardella) multicamerata 2.98   Berggren et al., 1995
T Dentoglobigerina altispira 3.47 PL5 Shackleton et al., 1995
T Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina 3.59 PL4 Shackleton et al., 1995
T Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae 3.85 PL3 Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
X Pulleniatina sinistral → dextral 4.08   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globoturborotalita nepenthes 4.37 PL2 Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globorotalia (Menardella) exilis 4.45   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globorotalia (Hirsutella) cibaoensis 4.61 PL1b Berggren et al., 1995
Miocene/Pliocene boundary 5.33   Lourens et al., 2004
B Sphaeroidinella dehiscens s.l. 5.54   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globorotalia tumida 5.57 PL1a Shackleton et al., 1995
B Turborotalita humilis 5.81   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae 6.08   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globorotalia lenguaensis 6.13 M14 Berggren et al., 1995
B Globorotalia plesiotumida 8.58 M13b Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Neogloboquadrina acostaensis 9.83 M13a Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Paragloborotalia mayeri 10.46 M12 Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globoturborotalita decoraperta 11.49   Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globoturborotalita nepenthes 11.63 M11 Turco et al., 2002
T Globorotalia (Fohsella) fohsi s.l. (including lobata and robusta) 11.79 M10/N13 Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globorotalia (Fohsella) foshi robusta 13.13 M9b Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
B Globorotalia (Fohsella) fohsi s.l. 13.41 M8/M9a/N12 Chaisson and Pearson, 1997
T Globorotalia praescitula 13.73   Turco et al., 2002
B Globorotalia (Fohsella) “praefohsi” 13.77 N11 Turco et al., 2002
T Globorotalia (Fohsella) peripheroronda 13.8   Turco et al., 2002
T Clavatorella bermudezi 13.82   Shackleton et al., 1999
B Globorotalia (Fohsella) peripheroacuta 14.24 M7/N10 Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
B Globorotalia (Menardella) praemenardii 14.38   Lourens et al., 2004
T Globigerinatella insueta 14.66   Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
B Orbulina spp. 14.74 M6/N9 Shackleton et al., 1999
B Clavatorella bermudezi 14.89   Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
B Globorotalia (Menardella) archeomenardii 16.26   Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
B Praeorbulina glomerosa 16.27 M5b Berggren et al., 1995
B Praeorbulina sicana 16.97 M5a Berggren et al., 1995
B Globorotalia birnageae* 16.69   Berggren et al., 1995
T Catapsydrax dissimilis 17.54 M4 Berggren et al., 1995
B Globigerinatella insueta 17.59 M3 Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
T Globoquadrina binaiensis 19.09   Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
T Paragloborotalia kugleri 21.12 M2 Berggren et al., 1995
T Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri 21.31   Berggren et al., 1995
B Globoquadrina dehiscens 22.44 M1b Berggren et al., 1995
T Globigerina ciperoensis 22.9   Pearson and Chaisson, 1997
B Paragloborotalia kugleri 22.96 M1a Berggren et al., 1995
Oligocene/Miocene boundary 23.03   Lourens et al., 2004
B Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri 25.2   Berggren et al., 1995
T Paragloborotalia opima 26.9 O6 Wade et al., 2007
Tc Chiloguembelina cubensis 28 O5 Wade et al., 2007
B Globigerina angulisuturalis 29.2 O4 Berggren et al., 1995
T Subbotina angiporoides 29.8   Berggren et al., 1995
T Turborotalia ampliapertura 30.3 O3 Berggren et al., 1995
B Paragloborotalia opima 30.8   Berggren et al., 1995
T Pseudohastigerina naguewichiensis 32 O2 Berggren et al., 1995
T Hantkenina spp. 33.8 O1 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
Eocene/Oligocene boundary 33.8   Pälike et al., 2006a
T Turborotalia cerroazulensis 33.9   Berggren and Pearson, 2005
T Globigerinatheka index 34.5 E16 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
T Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta 35.8 E15 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
T Morozovelloides crassatus 38.1 E14 Wade, 2004
T Acarinina mcgowrani 38.1   Wade, 2004
T Orbulinoides beckmanni 40 E13 Wade, 2004
B Orbulinoides beckmanni 40.8 E12 Berggren et al., 1995
T Acarinina bullbrooki 40.8   Berggren et al., 1995
T Guembelitrinoides nuttalli 42.3 E11 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Turborotalia pomeroli 42.4   Berggren et al., 1995
B Morozovelloides lehneri 43.5   Berggren et al., 1995
T Morozovella aragonensis 43.6 E10 Berggren et al., 1995
B Globigerinatheka kugleri 45.8 E9 Berggren et al., 1995
B Guembelitrinoides nutalli 46.4 E8 Wade et al., 2011
B Acarinina cuneicamerata 50.4 E7 Hancock et al., 2002
B Astrorotalia palmerae 50.4   Berggren et al., 1985
T Morozovella subbotinae 50.8 E6 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Acarinina pentacamerata 50.8   Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Morozovella aragonensis 52.3 E5 Berggren et al., 1995
T Subbotina velascoensis 53.5   Berggren et al., 1995
T Morozovella aequa 53.6   Berggren et al., 1995
B Morozovella lensiformis 54 E4 Berggren et al., 1995
T Morozovella velascoensis 54.5 E3 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Morozovella gracilis 54.7   Berggren et al., 1995
B Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis 55.4 E2 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
Paleocene/Eocene boundary 55   Berggren et al., 1995
B Globanomalina australiformis 55.5   Berggren et al., 1995
B Acarinina sibaiyaensis 55.5 E1 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
T Morozovella acuta 55.7   Berggren et al., 1995
B Morozovella subbotinae 55.9   Berggren et al., 1995
T Globanomalina pseudomenardii 55.9 P5 Berggren et al., 1995
T Acarinina mckannai 56.3   Berggren et al., 1995
B Acarinina soldadoensis 56.5 P4c Berggren et al., 1995
T Acarinina subsphaerica 57.1 P4b Berggren et al., 1995
B Acarinina mckannai 59.1   Berggren et al., 1995
B Globanomalina pseudomenardii 59.2 P4a Berggren et al., 1995
B Igorina albeari 60 P3b Berggren et al., 1995
B Morozovella angulata 61 P3a Berggren et al., 1995
B Globanomalina imitata (61.3)   Berggren et al., 1995
B Praemurica unicinata 61.4 P2 Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Globorotalia compressa 62.9 P1c Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Praemurica inconstans 62.9   Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Parasubottina varianta 63   Berggren et al., 1995
B Subbotina triloculinoides 64.3 P1b Berggren et al., 1995
T Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina 64.8 P1a Berggren and Pearson, 2005
B Parvularugoglobigerina extensa 64.9   Olsson et al., 1999
B Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina 64.97 Pα Berggren et al., 1995
T Globotruncana 65 P0 Berggren et al., 1995

* = Zone M4 is not divided into Subzones M4a and M4b because the base of Zone M5, as defined by B Praeorbulina sicana, has been recalibrated to 16.97 Ma (Lourens et al., 2004), which is older than B Globorotalia birnageae, previously used to define the base of Subzone M4b. B = base, T = top, Tc = top common, X = coiling change. (61.3) = estimated age.

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