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Table T11. Astronomically calibrated age estimates of calcareous nannofossil datums used as biostratigraphic tie points, Expedition 338.

Nannofossil event Zone (base) Degree of reliability Age (Ma)
X medium Gephyrocapsa (>3.5 µm)–Emiliania huxleyi 0.082–0.063
FO Emiliania huxleyi NN21 B 0.291
LO Pseudoemiliania lacunosa NN20 A 0.436
LCO Reticulofenestra asanoi A 0.903–0.901*
RE medium Gephyrocapsa (≥4 µm) + FO Gephyrocapsa sp. 3 (G. parallela) A 1.04
FCO Reticulofenestra asanoi D 1.136–1.078*
LO large Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) A 1.24
LO Helicosphaera sellii C 1.34
FCO large Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) 1.46
FO large Gephyrocapsa (>5.5 µm) B 1.560–1.617*
LO Calcidiscus macintyrei (≥11 µm) C 1.6
FO medium Gephyrocapsa (>3.5 µm) A 1.67
LO Discoaster brouweri NN19 A 2.06
AB Discoaster triradiatus A 2.135–2.216*
LO Discoaster pentaradiatus NN18 C 2.393–2.512*
LO Discoaster surculus NN17 C 2.52
LO Discoaster tamalis C 2.87
LO Sphenolithus spp. C 3.65
LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (>7 µm) NN16 A 3.79
FCO Discoaster asymmetricus NN15–NN14 B 4.13
LO Amaurolithus primus 4.5
LO Ceratolithus acutus B 5.04
FO Ceratolithus rugosus NN13 D 5.12
LO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus 5.279*
FO Ceratolithus acutus B 5.32
LO Discoaster quinqueramus NN12 A 5.59
LO Nicklithus amplificus A 5.978–5.939*
FO Nicklithus amplificus C 6.909–6.684*
PE Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (>7 µm) D 7.077–7.167*
FO Amaurolithus spp./Amaurolithus primus NN11b A 7.362–7.424*
FCO Discoaster surculus B 7.88
LCO Minylitha convallis D 7.78–8.3
FO Discoaster berggrenii NN11a D 8.52
PB Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (>7 µm) NN10b A 8.785–8.761*
FO Discoaster pentaradiatus 9.1
FO Minylitha convallis D 9.416
LO Discoaster hamatus NN10a C 9.56
LO Catinaster calyculus D 9.674*
LO Catinaster coalitus D 9.687*
X Discoaster hamatus–D. neohamatus 9.762*
FO Discoaster neohamatus C 9.867–10.521*
LCO Discoaster exilis 10.427
FO Discoaster hamatus NN9 C 10.541
LO Coccolithus miopelagicus C 10.613
FO Discoaster calcaris 10.676
FO Discoaster bellus gr. C 10.72
FO Discoaster brouweri A 10.734–10.764*
FO Catinaster calyculus D 10.785*
FO Catinaster coalitus NN8 D 10.886–10.733*
LCO Discoaster kugleri A 11.578–11.596*
FCO Discoaster kugleri NN7 B 11.863–11.905*
LO Cyclicargolithus floridanus D 12.037
LO Coronocyclus nitescens 12.254
LCO Calcidiscus premacintyrei A 12.447
FCO Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus 12.671
LCO Cyclicargolithus floridanus A 13.294
LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus NN6 C 13.532–13.654*
LO Helicosphaera ampliaperta NN5 14.914*
AE Discoaster deflandrei 15.663*
FO Discoaster signus 15.702*
FCO Sphenolithus heteromorphus 17.721*
LCO Sphenolithus belemnos NN4 17.973*
LO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus D 18.315*
FO Sphenolithus belemnos NN3 18.921*
FO Helicosphaera ampliaperta 20.393*
X Helicosphaera euphratis–Helicosphaera carteri 20.894*
FCO Helicosphaera carteri 21.985*
LCO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus 22.092
FO Sphenolithus disbelemnos C 22.413
FO Discoaster druggii NN2 D 22.824*
LO Sphenolithus delphix A 23.089
FO Sphenolithus delphix A 23.356
LO Sphenolithus ciperoensis NN1 C 24.389

Datums are based on Pacific records if not otherwise stated. * = datums based on Atlantic or Mediterranean records. Age estimates adopted from Raffi et al. (2006). X = abundance crossover, FO = first occurrence, LO = last occurrence, LCO = last consistent occurrence, RE = reentrance, FCO = first consistent occurrence, AB = acme beginning, AE = acme end, PE = paracme end, PB = paracme beginning. Degree of reliability: A = distinct, well defined, and isochronous worldwide; B = indistinct and less well defined but reasonably isochronous; C = distinct and well defined but diachronous; D = indistinct, poorly defined, and diachronous. See Raffi et al. (2006) for detailed explanation.

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