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doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.320321.202.2012

Materials and methods

Three holes were cored at Site U1331 (12°04.088′N, 142°09.708′W; 5116 meters below sea level [mbsl]) (Fig. F1). Early–middle Eocene sedimentary sequences from Site U1331 are composed mainly of radiolarian ooze with chert from Cores 320-U1331C-17X to 320-U1331A-11H and alternations of nannofossil ooze and radiolarian ooze from Cores 320-U1331A-11H to 320-U1331A-6H. In this study, depths reported as meters below seafloor (mbsf) indicate the revised composite core depth below seafloor, method A (CCSF-A), depth scale for the sediments as described in Westerhold et al. (2012).

Samples were prepared following the procedures outlined in Sanfilippo et al. (1985). Dried and weighed core sediment sample was placed into a beaker with 10% H2O2 to remove organic material and HCl solution to remove the calcareous fine fraction from radiolarian shells. After boiling for a few minutes, the sample was sieved and washed through a 63 µm mesh. The dried materials were divided equally into subsamples by a simple splitter to obtain ~2000 radiolarians. One sample split was moved to a slide, mounted with Canada balsam, and covered with a 24 mm × 40 mm cover glass. All radiolarian skeletons on the slides were observed and counted under light in order to reveal the faunal compositions (Table T1). For Site U1331, a total of 65 samples was examined.