Proc. IODP, 331, Methods

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Chapter contents Introduction Site locations Drilling operations Drilling-induced core deformation Numbering of sites, holes, cores, sections, and samples Core handling Downhole logging Lithostratigraphy X-ray computed tomography Visual core descriptions Particle size analysis Biostratigraphy Microfossil recovery and preparation Imaging using scanning electron microscopy Petrology Visual description of hydrothermally altered material Visual description of sulfides X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence Polished thin section description Scanning electron microscopy Geochemistry Organic geochemistry Inorganic geochemistry Interstitial water analysis Microbiology Total prokaryotic cell counts Cultivation of thermophiles Cultivation of sulfate reducers Cultivation of iron-oxidizing bacteria Contamination test Physical properties Multisensor core logger for whole-round samples Thermal conductivity Moisture and density Discrete measurement of formation factor (electrical resistivity) Discrete measurements of P-wave velocity and anisotropy In situ temperature measurements Multisensor core logger imaging system Multisensor core logger color spectroscopy logger References Figures F1. Sample identification scheme. F2. Core flow diagram. F3. VCD patterns and symbols. F4. Alteration, sulfide, and sulfate logging symbols. Tables T1. Grain size classification. T2. Alteration styles. T3. Sulfide mineralization. T4. Sulfide minerals. T5. Major element analysis. T6. Major elements. T7. Direct cell counting. T8. PFT concentrations. PDF file			Previous \| Next doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.331.102.2011 References Archie, G.E., 1947. Electrical resistivity—an aid in core analysis interpretation. AAPG Bull., 31(2):350–366. ASTM International, 1990. Standard method for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock (Standard D2216–90). In Annual Book of ASTM Standards for Soil and Rock (Vol. 04.08): Philadelphia (Am. Soc. Testing Mater.). [revision of D2216-63, D2216-80] Blum, P., 1997. Physical properties handbook: a guide to the shipboard measurement of physical properties of deep-sea cores. ODP Tech. Note, 26. doi:10.2973/odp.tn.26.1997 Bullard, E.C., 1939. Heat flow in South Africa. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 173(955):474–502. doi:10.1098/rspa.1939.0159 Emerson, D., and Floyd, M.M., 2005. Enrichment and isolation of iron-oxidizing bacteria at neutral pH. Methods Enzymol., 397:112–123. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(05)97006-7 Expedition 315 Scientists, 2009. Expedition 315 methods. In Kinoshita, M., Tobin, H., Ashi, J., Kimura, G., Lallemant, S., Screaton, E.J., Curewitz, D., Masago, H., Moe, K.T., and the Expedition 314/315/316 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 314/315/316: Washington, DC (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.314315316.123.2009 Expedition 316 Scientists, 2009. Expedition 316 methods. In Kinoshita, M., Tobin, H., Ashi, J., Kimura, G., Lallemant, S., Screaton, E.J., Curewitz, D., Masago, H., Moe, K.T., and the Expedition 314/315/316 Scientists, Proc. 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FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 36(1):51–60. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00825.x Kallmeyer, J., Smith, D.C., Spivack, A.J., and D’Hondt, S., 2008. New cell extraction procedure applied to deep subsurface sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods, 6:236–245. http://www.aslo.org/lomethods/free/2008/0236.pdf Keller, G., 1980a. Benthic foraminifers and paleobathymetry of the Japan Trench area, Leg 57, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Scientific Party, Init. Repts. DSDP, 56, 57: Washington, DC (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 835–865. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.5657.124.1980 Keller, G., 1980b. Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the Japan trench, Leg 57, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In von Huene, R., Nasu, N., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 56, 57: Washington, DC (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 809–833. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.5657.123.1980 Lyimo, T.J., Pol, A., Harhangi, H.R., Jetten, M.S.M., and Op den Camp, H.J.M., 2009. 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Sortable silt and fine sediment size/composition slicing: parameters for palaeocurrent speed and palaeoceanography. Paleoceanography, 10(3):593–610. doi:10.1029/94PA03039 Mees, F., Swennen, R., Van Geet, M., and Jacobs, P., 2003. Applications of X-ray computed tomography in the geosciences. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 215(1):1–6. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.01 Nakano, T., Nakashima, Y., Nakamura, K., and Ikeda, S., 2000. Observation and analysis of internal structure of rock using X-ray CT. Chishitsugaku Zasshi, 106(5):363–378. Paull, C.K., Hills, S.J., and Thierstein, H.R., 1988. Progressive dissolution of fine carbonate particles in pelagic sediments. Mar. Geol., 81(1–4):27–40. doi:10.1016/0025-3227(88)90015-1 Pimmel, A., and Claypool, G., 2001. Introduction to shipboard organic geochemistry on the JOIDES Resolution. ODP Tech. Note, 30. doi:10.2973/odp.tn.30.2001 Ramaswamy, V., and Rao, P.S., 2006. Grain size analysis of sediments from the northern Andaman Sea: comparison of laser diffraction and sieve-pipette techniques. J. Coastal Res., 224:1000–10009. doi:10.2112/04-0162.1 Sakai, T., 1980. Radiolarians from Sites 434, 435, and 436, Northwest Pacific, Leg 56, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In von Huene, R., Nasu, N., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 56, 57: Washington, DC (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 695–733. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.5657.119.1980 Shepard, F.P., 1954. Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios. J. Sediment. Petrol., 24(3):151–158. http://jsedres.sepmonline.org/cgi/reprint/24/3/151.pdf Smith, D.C., Spivack, A.J., Fisk, M.R., Haveman, S.A., and Staudigel, H., 2000. Tracer-based estimates of drilling-induced microbial contamination of deep sea crust. Geomicrobiol. J., 17(3):207–219. doi:10.1080/01490450050121170 Stuut, J.-B.W., Prins, M.A., Schneider, R.R., Weltje, G.J., Jansen, F.J.H., and Postma, G., 2002. 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Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50(2):489–500. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/50/2/489.full.pdf Thompson, P.R., 1980. Foraminifers from Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 434, 435, and 436, Japan Trench. In von Huene, R., and Nasu, N., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 56, 57: Washington, DC (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 775–807. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.5657.122.1980 Weinbauer, M.G., Beckmann, C., and Höfle, M.G., 1998. Utility of green fluorescent nucleic acid dyes and aluminium oxide membrane filters for rapid epifluorescence enumeration of soil and sediment bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64(12):5000–5003. http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/64/12/5000/ Winter, A., and Siesser, W.G., 1994. Atlas of living coccolithophores. In Winter, A., and Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), 107–159. 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