Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program
Volume 378
South Pacific Paleogene Climate
Expedition 378 of the R/V JOIDES Resolution
Lautoka, Fiji, to Papeete, Tahiti
Site U1553
3 January–6 February 2020
Volume authorship
Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists
Published by
International Ocean Discovery Program
Publisher’s notes
This publication was prepared by the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO) at Texas A&M University (TAMU) as an account of work performed under the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). This material is based upon work supported by the JRSO, which is a major facility funded by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement Number OCE1326927. Funding for IODP is provided by the following international partners:
- National Science Foundation (NSF), United States
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD)
- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
- Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC)
- Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India
The JRSO is supported by the NSF. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, the participating agencies, TAMU, or Texas A&M Research Foundation.
The bulk of the shipboard-collected core data from this expedition is accessible at https://zenodo.org/
A complete set of the logging data collected during the expedition is available at http://mlp.ldeo.columbia.edu/
Supplemental data were provided by the authors and may not conform to IODP publication formats.
JRSO expedition photos are the property of IODP and are public access.
Some core photographs have been tonally enhanced to better illustrate particular features of interest. High-resolution images are available upon request.
Cover photograph shows R/V JOIDES Resolution departing Lautoka, Fiji, during Expedition 378. Photo credit: Phil Christie and IODP JRSO.
Copyright
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/
Examples of how to cite this volume or part of this volume are available at http://publications.iodp.org/
ISSN
ISBN
Volume DOI
https://doi.org/
Publication date
Contents
Expedition reports
Chapters
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Core descriptions
Visual core descriptions (VCDs) are presented in PDF files for each site.
Thin sections and/or smear slides for each site or hole are presented in CSV or PDF format in the CORES directory and in Excel format in DESC_WKB in Supplementary material. The entire set of core images in PDF is available in the IMAGES directory.
Supplementary material
Supplementary material for the Volume 378 expedition reports includes calibration data in SPE format, thin section sampling diagrams in PDF, and DESClogik workbooks in Microsoft Excel format. A full list of directories can be found in SUPP_MAT in the volume zip folder or on the Supplementary material for Volume 378 expedition reports web page.
Expedition research results
Data reports
Data report: splice adjustment for Site U1553
A.J. Drury, T. Westerhold, R.H. Wilkens, and U. Röhl
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Roy H. Wilkens, Anna Joy Drury, Thomas Westerhold, and Ursula Röhl
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Drilling location maps
A site map showing the drilling locations for this expedition and maps showing the drilling locations of all International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expeditions, produced using QGIS (http://www.qgis.org), and all Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) expeditions, produced using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) of Paul Wessel and Walter H.F. Smith (https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org), are available in PDF.
- IODP Expedition 378 site map
- IODP map (Expeditions 349–372, 374–376, 378–383, and 385)
- Integrated Ocean Drilling Program map (Expeditions 301–348)
- ODP map (Legs 100–210)
- DSDP map (Legs 1–96)
Foreword
The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) represents the latest incarnation of almost five decades of scientific ocean drilling excellence and is generally accepted as the most successful international collaboration in the history of the Earth sciences. IODP builds seamlessly on the accomplishments of previous phases: the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Ocean Drilling Program, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The 2013–2023 IODP Science Plan (Illuminating Earth’s Past, Present, and Future) defines four themes and thirteen challenges for this decade of scientific ocean drilling that are both of fundamental importance in understanding how the Earth works and of significant relevance to society as the Earth changes, at least in part in response to anthropogenic forcing. This phase of IODP represents an intense level of international collaboration in bringing diverse drilling platforms and strategies to increasing our understanding of climate and ocean change, the deep biosphere and evolution of ecosystems, connections between Earth’s deep processes and surface manifestations, and geologically induced hazards on human timeframes.
The Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program presents the scientific and engineering results of IODP drilling projects, expedition by expedition. As in the preceding Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, expeditions in the current IODP phase are conducted by three implementing organizations, each providing a different drilling capability. These are the US Implementing Organization (USIO; through September 2014) and the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO; as of October 2014), providing the leased commercial vessel JOIDES Resolution for riserless drilling operations; JAMSTEC’s Institute for Marine-Earth Exploration and Engineering (MarE3), providing the drillship Chikyu for riser and occasional riserless operations; and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Science Operator (ESO), providing “mission-specific” platforms (MSPs) for expeditions that extend the IODP operational range where neither drillship is suitable, for example, in polar environments and in shallow waters. Scheduling decisions for each capability are made by three independent Facility Boards, each of which includes scientists, operators, and platform funding partners: the JOIDES Resolution Facility Board (JRFB), Chikyu IODP Board (CIB), and ECORD Facility Board (EFB). At the beginning of the current IODP, the three Facility Boards agreed to utilize Publication Services at the USIO and now the JRSO for production of all expedition Proceedings volumes and reports.
The current IODP differs from prior scientific ocean drilling programs in that it has neither a central management organization nor commingled funding for program-wide activities. Yet this phase of IODP retains a fundamental integrative structural element: a “bottom-up” evaluation of all proposals for drilling expeditions by a single advisory structure composed of scientists representing all international program partners. International scientists may submit drilling proposals to the Science Support Office; all submitted proposals are then evaluated by a Science Evaluation Panel in the context of the Science Plan.
The current IODP also has an international integrative level for high-level discussion and global consensus-building: the IODP Forum. The Forum is not only charged with assessing program-wide progress toward achieving the current Science Plan, but also with overseeing approaches toward a new bright future of scientific ocean drilling post 2023. At present, IODP involves 22 international funding agencies, including those from the United States, Japan, an Australia/New Zealand consortium (ANZIC), China, India, South Korea, and the fifteen members of ECORD (Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). The IODP membership represents an unparalleled level of international scientific collaboration; one of the greatest, and ongoing strengths of scientific ocean drilling.
Henk Brinkhuis
Chair, IODP Forum
Reviewers for this volume
Greg Skilbeck
International Ocean Discovery Program
JOIDES Resolution Science Operator
Website: http://iodp.tamu.edu
IODP JRSO
International Ocean Discovery Program
Tel: (979) 845-2673; Fax: (979) 845-4857
Email: information@iodp.tamu.edu
IODP JRSO Curation and Laboratories
IODP Gulf Coast Repository (GCR)
Tel: (979) 845-8490; Fax: (979) 845-1303
Email: curator@iodp.tamu.edu
European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, Science Operator (ESO)
Website: http://www.ecord.org
IODP ESO Coordinator: Science, Logistics, and Operations
Tel: (44) 131-667-1000; Fax: (44) 131-668-4140
Email: eso@bgs.ac.uk
IODP ESO Petrophysics
European Petrophysics Consortium
Tel: (44) 116-252-3611; Fax: (44) 116-252-3918
Email: sjd27@leicester.ac.uk
IODP ESO Curation and Laboratories
IODP Bremen Core Repository (BCR)
Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)
Tel: (49) 421-218-65560; Fax: (49) 421-218-98-65560
Email: bcr@marum.de
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Website: http://www.jamstec.go.jp/chikyu/e
IODP Japan Science Operator
Institute for Marine-Earth Exploration and Engineering (MarE3)
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences
Tel: (81) 45-778-5643; Fax: (81) 45-778-5704
Email: mare3-exp@jamstec.go.jp
IODP Japan Curation and Laboratories
IODP Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research (KCC)
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Tel: (81) 88-864-6705; Fax: (81) 88-878-2192
Email: kcc.contact@jamstec.go.jp
Expedition 378 participants*
Expedition 378 scientists
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences
Expedition Project Manager/Staff Scientist
International Ocean Discovery Program
Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics
Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel
Micropaleontologist (benthic foraminifers)
Universidade Federal Fluminense
Micropaleontologist (planktonic foraminifers)
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences
swaantje.brzelinski@geow.uni-heidelberg.de
Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
laura.haynes@marine.rutgers.edu
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Micropaleontologist (radiolarians) and Observer/Coastal Participant
Paleontology and Environmental Change Section
Physical Properties Specialist
Micropaleontologist (planktonic foraminifers)
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Physical Properties Specialist
Micropaleontologist (nannofossils)
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Geologia (InGeo)
Universitá “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Downhole Measurements/Physical Properties Specialist
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Micropaleontologist (nannofossils)
Micropaleontology and Paleoceanography Group
Downhole Measurements/Physical Properties Specialist
Present affiliation (1 July 2020):
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology
k-yasukawa@sys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
School of Ocean and Earth Science
Micropaleontologist (radiolarians)
Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
Shore-based scientists
Erica M. Crouch
Micropaleontologist (palynology)
Paleontology Team
GNS Science
New Zealand
Education and outreach
claire.concannon@otagomuseum.nz
Education and Gallery Management Department
Shanghai Natural History Museum
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
*Affiliations at time of expedition, except where updated by participants.
Operational and technical staff
Siem Offshore AS officials
JRSO shipboard personnel and technical representatives
Logging Engineer (Schlumberger Offshore Services)
Marine Instrumentation Specialist
Marine Instrumentation Specialist
IODP Publication Services staff*
Manager of Publication Services
Expedition-related bibliography*
Citation data for IODP publications and journal articles in RIS format
IODP publications
Scientific Prospectus
Thomas, D.J., Röhl, U., and Childress, L., 2018. Expedition 378 Scientific Prospectus: South Pacific Paleogene Climate. International Ocean Discovery Program. https://doi.org/
Thomas, D.J., Röhl, U., and Childress, L., 2019. Expedition 378 Scientific Prospectus Addendum: South Pacific Paleogene Climate. International Ocean Discovery Program. https://doi.org/
Preliminary Report
Thomas, D.J., Röhl, U., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, 2020. Expedition 378 Preliminary Report: South Pacific Paleogene Climate. International Ocean Discovery Program. https://doi.org/
Proceedings volume
Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, 2022. South Pacific Paleogene Climate. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 378: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/
Expedition reports
Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., Anagnostou, E., Ausín, B., Borba Dias, B., Boscolo-Galazzo, F., Brzelinski, S., Dunlea, A.G., George, S.C., Haynes, L.L., Hendy, I.L., Jones, H.L., Khanolkar, S.S., Kitch, G.D., Lee, H., Raffi, I., Reis, A.J., Sheward, R.M., Sibert, E., Tanaka, E., Wilkens, R., Yasukawa, K., Yuan, W., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Drury, A.J., and Hollis, C.J., 2022. Expedition 378 summary. In Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, South Pacific Paleogene Climate. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 378: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/
Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., Anagnostou, E., Ausín, B., Borba Dias, B., Boscolo-Galazzo, F., Brzelinski, S., Dunlea, A.G., George, S.C., Haynes, L.L., Hendy, I.L., Jones, H.L., Khanolkar, S.S., Kitch, G.D., Lee, H., Raffi, I., Reis, A.J., Sheward, R.M., Sibert, E., Tanaka, E., Wilkens, R., Yasukawa, K., Yuan, W., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Drury, A.J., Crouch, E.M., and Hollis, C.J., 2022. Expedition 378 methods. In Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, South Pacific Paleogene Climate. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 378: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/
Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., Anagnostou, E., Ausín, B., Borba Dias, B., Boscolo-Galazzo, F., Brzelinski, S., Dunlea, A.G., George, S.C., Haynes, L.L., Hendy, I.L., Jones, H.L., Khanolkar, S.S., Kitch, G.D., Lee, H., Raffi, I., Reis, A.J., Sheward, R.M., Sibert, E., Tanaka, E., Wilkens, R., Yasukawa, K., Yuan, W., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Drury, A.J., Crouch, E.M., and Hollis, C.J., 2022. Site U1553. In Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, South Pacific Paleogene Climate. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 378: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/
Supplementary material
Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, 2022. Supplementary material, https://doi.org/
Expedition research results
Drury, A.J., Westerhold, T., Wilkens, R.H., and Röhl, U., 2022. Data report: splice adjustment for Site U1553. In Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, South Pacific Paleogene Climate. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 378: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.378.201.2022
Wilkens, R.H., Drury, A.J., Westerhold, T., and Röhl, U., 2022. Data report: depths of Site U1553 off-splice data adjusted to the Site U1553 splice, Expedition 378. In Röhl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the Expedition 378 Scientists, South Pacific Paleogene Climate. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 378: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.378.202.2022
Journals/Books
Dunlea, A.G., Yasukawa, K., Tanaka, E., and Hendy, I.L., 2024. Multivariate statistical “unmixing” of Indian and Pacific Ocean sediment provenance. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10645
Jiang, L., Ausín, B., Khanolkar, S., Wang, Y., and George, S.C., 2024. Unlocking the geochemical features of the Paleocene southern Pacific Ocean using carbon isotopes and biolipids. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 650:112368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112368
McCartney, K., Chakraborty, A., Ghosh, A.K., Soeding, E., and Rout, V., 2023. Diversity and evolution of late Eocene to late Oligocene silicoflagellates from IODP Expedition 378 Holes U1553A and U1553B, southwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology, 179:102215.
Niederbockstruck, B., Jones, H.L., Yasukawa, K., Raffi, I., Tanaka, E., Westerhold, T., Ikehara, M., and Röhl, U., 2024. Apparent diachroneity of calcareous nannofossil datums during the early Eocene in the high-latitude South Pacific Ocean. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 39(4):e2023PA004801. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004801
Raffi, I.C., Valentina; Fioroni, Chiara; Righi, Davide; Villa, Giuliana; Persico, Davide, 2024. Calcareous nannofossils from the Paleogene Southern Ocean (IODP Site U1553, Campbell Plateau). Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 57(4):475–495. https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2024/0854
Reis, A.J., Fichtner, V., and Erhardt, A.M., 2023. Changing sub-surface chemistry resulting from a 26-million-year unconformity: porewater chemistry from IODP Site U1553 in the South Pacific. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 38(7):e2022PA004561. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004561
Sheward, R.M., Herrle, J.O., Fuchs, J., Gibbs, S.J., Bown, P.R., and Eibes, P.M., 2024. Biogeochemical traits of a high latitude South Pacific Ocean calcareous nannoplankton community during the Oligocene. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 39(12):e2024PA004946. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024PA004946
Tanaka, E.M., Kazuhide; Ohta, Junichiro; Miyazaki, Takashi; Stefanov Vaglarov, Bogdan; Yasukawa, Kazutaka; Nakamura, Kentaro; Kato, Yasuhiro, 2024. Composite ages of pelagic clay enriched in rare-earth elements in the Pacific Ocean based on Sr isotope chemostratigraphy and ichthyolith biostratigraphy. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 57(3):359–387. https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2024/0812
Conferences
Chicoye, M., Hendy, I.L., Dunlea, A.G., and IODP Expedition 378 Scientists, 2021. Quantifying XRF core scanning counts within different sediment matrices: transitioning from a nearshore to farshore environment at IODP Site U1553. Presented at the 2021 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 13–17 December 2021.
Hendy, I.L., Chicoye, M., Hollis, C.J., George, S.C., Yasukawa, K., Haynes, L., Childress, L.B., and the IODP Expedition 378 Scientists, 2023. Cenozoic marine basin evolution in the SW Pacific: bulk sediment elemental data from IODP Site U1553, New Zealand. Presented at the 2023 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2023.
Jones, H., Niederbockstruck, B., and Röhl, U. and the IODP Expedition 378 Scientists, 2022. Calcareous nannoplankton community composition across multiple early Eocene hyperthermal events at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1553 (Campbell Plateau, SW Pacific). Presented at the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-9745
Reis, A., Erhardt, A., Fichtner, V., Roehl, U., Thomas, D.J., Childress, L.B., and the IODP Expedition 378 Science Party, 2021. Insights into sulfate reduction and carbonate diagenesis on the southern Campbell Plateau. Presented at the 2021 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 13–17 December 2021.
Reis, A., Fichtner, V., Erhardt, A., Roehl, U., Thomas, D.J., and Childress, L.B., 2020. Carbonate recrystallization on the Campbell Plateau: preliminary results from IODP Site 378-U1553. Presented at the 2020 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Online, 1–17 December 2020.
*The Expedition-related bibliography is continually updated online. Please send updates to PubCrd@iodp.tamu.edu.