Proc. IODP, 336, Design and deployment of borehole observatories and experiments during IODP Expedition 336, Mid-Atlantic Ridge flank at North Pond

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Chapter contents Abstract Background, motivation, and overview Subseafloor observatories North Pond setting, history of study, and initial characterization North Pond upper oceanic crust, borehole conditions, and CORK overview Expedition 336 CORKs: mechanical and hydraulic features overview CORK sealing and isolation elements CORK sampling components CORK component surface treatments Expedition 336 CORKs: detailed configuration CORK wellhead CORK stinger CORK stinger sampling and experimental umbilicals and screens Expedition 336 CORKs: sensors and sampling Pressure sensors Temperature sensors Oxygen Fluid sampling for geochemical analyses Microbial growth chambers Expedition 336 CORKs: detailed summaries for each CORK installed Hole 395A Hole U1382A Hole U1383B Hole U1383C Future plans ROV dives CORK-lite Acknowledgments References Figures F1. Location maps. F2. Borehole configuration at North Pond. F3. CORK wellheads at start of expedition. F4. Coatings and sealants. F5. Umbilicals, miniscreens, and centralizers. F6. CORK umbilical–flatpack. F7. CORK packer configurations. F8. L-CORK wellhead. F9. Fiberglass casing and packers. F10. Instrument bay. F11. VIT camera system. F12. CORK wellhead bays, Hole U1382A. F13. CORK wellhead bays, Hole U1383C. F14. CORK stinger typical components. F15. CORK miniscreens. F16. OsmoSampler packages. F17. Fast-flow wellhead OsmoSamplers. F18. FLOCS microbial colonization experiment. F19. Configuration of new Hole 395A CORK. F20. CORK wellhead damage, Hole 395A. F21. VIT footage of ROV platform, Hole 395A. F22. Configuration of Hole U1382A CORK. F23. Reentry cone and casing, Hole U1383B. F24. Configuration of Hole U1383C CORK. F25. CORK body to be installed, Hole U1383B. Tables T1. Coatings used on different materials. T2. Lubricants. T3. Umbilical materials. T4. CORK stinger tubular strength comparison. T5. CORK stinger tubular stretch. PDF file			Previous \| Next doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.336.109.2012 References Bartetzko, A., Pezard, P., Goldberg, D., Sun, Y.-F., and Becker, K., 2001. Volcanic stratigraphy of DSDP/ODP Hole 395A: an interpretation using well-logging data. Mar. Geophys. Res., 22(2):111–127. doi:10.1023/A:1010359128574 Becker, K., 1990. Measurements of the permeability of the upper oceanic crust at Hole 395A, ODP Leg 109. In Detrick, R., Honnorez, J., Bryan, W.B., Juteau, T., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 106/109: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 213–222. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.106109.146.1990 Becker, K., Langseth, M.G., and Hyndman, R.D., 1984. Temperature measurements in Hole 395A, Leg 78B. In Hyndman, R.D., Salisbury, M.H., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 78B: Washington, DC (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 689–698. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.78b.105.1984 Becker, K., Malone, M.J., et al., 1998. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 174B: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.174B.1998 Becker, K., the Leg 174B Scientific Party, and Davis, E.E., 1998. Leg 174B revisits Hole 395A: logging and long-term monitoring of off-axis hydrothermal processes in young oceanic crust. JOIDES J., 24(1):1–3. http://www.odplegacy.org/PDF/Admin/JOIDES_Journal/JJ_1998_V24_No1.pdf Cowen, J.P., Copson, D.A., Jolly, J., Hsieh, C.-C., Lin, H.-T., Glazer, B.T., and Wheat, C.G., 2012. Advanced instrument system for real-time and time-series microbial geochemical sampling of the deep (basaltic) crustal biosphere. Deep-Sea Res., Part I, 61:43–56. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2011.11.004 Davis, E.E., Becker, K., Pettigrew, T., Carson, B., and MacDonald, R., 1992. CORK: a hydrologic seal and downhole observatory for deep-ocean boreholes. In Davis, E.E., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. 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IODP, 336: Tokyo (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.336.104.2012 Expedition 336 Scientists, 2012d. Site U1383. In Edwards, K.J., Bach, W., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 336 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 336: Tokyo (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.336.105.2012 Fisher, A.T., Wheat, C.G., Becker, K., Cowen, J., Orcutt, B., Hulme, S., Inderbitzen, K., Turner, A., Pettigrew, T.L., Davis, E.E., Jannasch, H., Grigar, K., Adudell, R., Meldrum, R., Macdonald, R., and Edwards, K., 2011. Design, deployment, and status of borehole observatory systems used for single-hole and cross-hole experiments, IODP Expedition 327, eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Fisher, A.T., Tsuji, T., Petronotis, K., and the Expedition 327 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 327: College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.327.107.2011 Fisher, A.T., Wheat, C.G., Becker, K., Davis, E.E., Jannasch, H., Schroeder, D., Dixon, R., Pettigrew, T.L., Meldrum, R., MacDonald, R., Nielsen, M., Fisk, M., Cowen, J., Bach, W., and Edwards, K., 2005. Scientific and technical design and deployment of long-term subseafloor observatories for hydrogeologic and related experiments, IODP Expedition 301, eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. In Fisher, A.T., Urabe, T., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 301 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 301: College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.301.103.2005 Gable, R., Morin, R.H., and Becker K., 1992. Geothermal state of DSDP Holes 333A, 395A, and 534A: results from the DIANAUT Program. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(5):505–508. doi:10.1029/92GL00333 Graber, K.K., Pollard, E., Jonasson, B., and Schulte, E. (Eds.), 2002. Overview of Ocean Drilling Program engineering tools and hardware. ODP Tech. Note, 31. doi:10.2973/odp.tn.31.2002 Hickman, S.H., Langseth, M.G., and Svitek, J.F., 1984. In situ permeability and pore-pressure measurements near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 395A. In Hyndman, R.D., Salisbury, M.H., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 78B: Washington, DC (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 699–708. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.78b.106.1984 Jannasch, H.W., Wheat, C.G., Plant, J.N., Kastner, M., and Stakes, D.S., 2004. Continuous chemical monitoring with osmotically pumped water samplers: OsmoSampler design and applications. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods, 2(2):102–113. doi:10.4319/lom.2004.2.102 Knab, N., and Edwards, K.J., in press. Competition between kinetics of chemical and biological iron oxidation: environmental implications. Geobiology. Langseth, M.G., Becker, K., Von Herzen, R.P., and Schultheiss, P., 1992. Heat and fluid flux through the sediment on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a hydrogeological study of North Pond. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(5):517–520. doi:10.1029/92GL00079 Orcutt, B., Wheat, C.G., and Edwards, K.J., 2010. Subseafloor ocean crust microbial observatories: development of FLOCS (Flow-Through Osmo Colonization System) and evaluation of borehole construction materials. Geomicrobiol. J., 27(2):143–157. doi:10.1080/01490450903456772 Orcutt, B.N., Bach, W., Becker, K., Fisher, A.T., Hentscher, M., Toner, B.M., Wheat, C.G., and Edwards, K.J., 2011. Colonization of subsurface microbial observatories deployed in young ocean crust. ISME J., 5:692–703. doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.157 Orcutt, B.N., Barco, R.A., Joye, S.B., and Edwards, K.J., 2012. Summary of carbon, nitrogen, and iron leaching characteristics and fluorescence properties of materials considered for subseafloor observatory assembly. In Edwards, K.J., Bach, W., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 336 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 336: Tokyo (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.336.108.2012 Smith, A., Popa, R., Fisk, M., Nielsen, M., Wheat, C.G., Jannasch, H.W., Fisher, A.T., Becker, K., Sievert, S.M., and Flores, G., 2011. In situ enrichment of ocean crust microbes on igneous minerals and glasses using an osmotic flow-through device. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 12(6):Q06007. doi:10.1029/2010GC003424 Wheat, C.G., Jannasch, H.W., Fisher, A.T., Becker, K., Sharkey, J., and Hulme, S., 2010. Subseafloor seawater-basalt-microbe reactions: continuous sampling of borehole fluids in a ridge flank environment. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 11(7):Q07011. doi:10.1029/2010GC003057 Wheat, C.G., Jannasch, H.W., Kastner, M., Hulme, S., Cowen, J., Edwards, K.J., Orcutt, B.N., and Glazer, B., 2011. Fluid sampling from oceanic borehole observatories: design and methods for CORK activities (1990–2010). In Fisher, A.T., Tsuji, T., Petronotis, K., and the Expedition 327 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 327: Tokyo (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.327.109.2011 Ziebis, W., McManus, J., Ferdelman, T., Schmidt-Schierhorn, F., Bach, W., Muratli, J., Edwards, K.J., and Villinger, H., 2012. Interstitial fluid chemistry of sediments underlying the North Atlantic Gyre and the influence of subsurface fluid flow. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 323–324:79–91. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.018 Top of page \| Previous \| Next

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