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Proceedings of the
International Ocean Discovery Program

Volume 349
South China Sea Tectonics

Expedition 349 of the riserless drilling platform
Hong Kong, China, to Keelung, Taiwan
Sites U1431–U1435
26 January–30 March 2014

Volume authorship
Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists


Published by
International Ocean Discovery Program

Publisher’s notes

Funding for the program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this expedition:

  • National Science Foundation (NSF), United States
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
  • European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China
  • Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
  • Australian Research Council (ARC) and GNS Science (New Zealand), Australian/New Zealand Consortium (ANZIC)
  • Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) India
  • Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES)

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the participating agencies, IODP Management International, Inc., Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M Research Foundation.

The bulk of the shipboard-collected core data from this expedition is accessible from the International Ocean Discovery Program U.S. Implementing Organization (IODP-USIO) Science Services, Texas A&M University (TAMU), at iodp.tamu.edu/database/index.html. If you cannot access this site or need additional data, please contact: Data Librarian, International Ocean Discovery Program, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA. Tel: (979) 845-8495; Fax: (979) 458-1617; Email: database@iodp.tamu.edu.

A complete set of the logging data collected by IODP-USIO Science Services, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), is available at brg.ldeo.columbia.edu/logdb/. If you have problems downloading the data, wish to receive additional logging data, or have questions regarding the data, please contact: Database Administrator, Borehole Research Group, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades NY 10964, USA. Tel: (845) 365-8343; Fax: (845) 365-3182; Email: logdb@ldeo.columbia.edu.

Supplemental data were provided by the authors and may not conform to IODP publication formats.

Some core photographs have been tonally enhanced to better illustrate particular features of interest. High-resolution images are available upon request.

Cover photograph shows a whole-round core of basement basalt from Site U1434. Photograph by Chun-Feng Li.

Copyright

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction is permitted, provided the original author and source are credited.

Examples of how to cite this volume or part of this volume are available at publications.iodp.org/proceedings/349/349title.html#bib.

ISSN

World Wide Web: 2377-3189

Contents

Expedition reports

Chapters

Expedition 349 summary
C.-F. Li et al.
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Methods
C.-F. Li et al.
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Site U1431
C.-F. Li et al.
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Site U1432
C.-F. Li et al.
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Site U1433
C.-F. Li et al.
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Site U1434
C.-F. Li et al.
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Site U1435
C.-F. Li et al.
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Core descriptions

Visual core description summaries, visual core descriptions (VCDs), smear slide data, thin section data, and core images are included in this section. VCDs, smear slides, and thin sections are combined into PDF files for each site. The entire set of core images in PDF is available in the IMAGES directory.

Site U1431
Visual core description summaries · Visual core descriptions · Smear slides · Thin sections

Site U1432
Visual core description summary · Visual core descriptions · Smear slides · Thin section

Site U1433
Visual core description summaries · Visual core descriptions · Smear slides · Thin sections

Site U1434
Visual core description summary · Visual core descriptions · Smear slides · Thin sections

Site U1435
Visual core description summary · Visual core descriptions · Smear slides · Thin section

Supplementary material

Supplementary material for this volume includes DESC workbooks and X-ray diffraction sample and analyses data in Excel format. See README.TXT in the SUPP_MAT directory for a full listing of directories and files.

Expedition research results

Data reports

Data report: Oligocene foraminifers and stable isotopes from IODP Hole U1435A
Qianyu Li, Xinrong Cheng, Jingshuang Chen, and Jianming Xu
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Data report: radiolarian abundances from IODP Holes U1431D, U1432C, and U1433A, Expedition 349
Iván Hernández-Almeida
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Data report: middle to late Pleistocene planktonic foraminifer abundances from IODP Holes U1431D, U1432C, and U1433A
Renata Hanae Nagai and Amanda Gerotto
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Data report: exploring the presence of Bdellovibrio and like organisms in deep-sea sediment by culture-independent and culture-dependent methods
Henry N. Williams, Nan Li, and the Expedition 349 Scientists
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Drilling location maps

A site map showing the drilling locations for this expedition and maps showing the drilling locations of all International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), produced using QGIS (www.qgis.org), Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), produced using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) of Paul Wessel and Walter H.F. Smith (gmt.soest.hawaii.edu), are available in PDF format.

Foreword

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) represents a renewal and strategic refocusing of what has been widely hailed as one of the most successful and ambitious international scientific programs in the world. Based solidly on the 45-year scientific legacy of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Ocean Drilling Program, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, the new IODP Science Plan (Illuminating Earth’s Past, Present, and Future) defines 4 main themes and 13 challenges for the next decade of scientific ocean drilling that are both of fundamental importance in understanding how Earth works and of high relevance to society as Earth changes. The new IODP represents an extraordinary level of international collaboration in utilizing scientific ocean drilling to understand climate and ocean change, the deep biosphere and evolution of ecosystems, connections between Earth’s deep processes and surface impacts, and geological processes and hazards on human scales.

The Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program presents the scientific and engineering results of IODP drilling projects on an expedition basis. As in the preceding Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, expeditions in the new IODP will be conducted by three implementing organizations, each providing a different drilling platform. These are the U.S. Implementing Organization (USIO; through September 2014) and the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO; as of October 2014), providing the research vessel JOIDES Resolution for riserless drilling operations; JAMSTEC’s Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX), providing the drillship Chikyu for riser and occasional riserless operations; and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Science Operator (ESO), providing mission-specific platforms (MSPs) for expeditions that extend the IODP operational range where neither drillship is suitable. Scheduling decisions for each of the platforms are made separately by three independent Facility Boards, each of which includes scientists, operators, and platform funding partners: the JOIDES Resolution Facility Board (JRFB), Chikyu IODP Board (CIB), and ECORD Facility Board (EFB). At the beginning of the new IODP, the three Facility Boards agreed to utilize Publication Services at the USIO and now the JRSO for production of all expedition Proceedings volumes and reports.

The new IODP differs from prior legacy programs in that it has no central management authority nor commingled funding for program-wide activities. Yet the new IODP retains a key integrative structural element: evaluation of all proposals for drilling expeditions by a single advisory structure composed of scientists representing all international program partners. International scientists may submit drilling proposals to the Science Support Office; the proposals are then evaluated by the Science Evaluation Panel in the context of the new Science Plan.

The new IODP also has a second internationally integrative level for high-level discussion (but no executive authority): the IODP Forum. The Forum is defined as the custodian of the Science Plan and is charged with assessing program-wide progress toward achieving the Science Plan. As of the Forum’s first annual meeting (May 2014), IODP involves 27 international financial partners, including the United States, Japan, an Australia/New Zealand consortium (ANZIC), Brazil, China, India, South Korea, and the 19 members of ECORD (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). The enhanced membership in the new IODP represents a remarkable level of international collaboration that remains one of the greatest strengths of scientific ocean drilling.

Keir Becker
Inaugural Chair of the IODP Forum

Reviewers for this volume

Jennifer Biddle
Giuseppe Cortese
Wolfgang Kuhnt

International Ocean Discovery Program implementing organizations

IODP European Implementing Organization: European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, Science Operator (ESO)

Website: www.eso.ecord.org

IODP-ESO Coordinator: Science, Logistics, and Operations

British Geological Survey
Murchinson House
West Mains Road
Edinburgh EH9 3LA
United Kingdom
Tel: (44) 131-667-1000; Fax: (44) 131-668-4140
Email: eso@bgs.ac.uk

IODP-ESO Petrophysics

European Petrophysics Consortium
Department of Geology
University of Leicester
Leicester LE1 7RH
United Kingdom
Tel: (44) 116-252-3611; Fax: (44) 116-252-3918
Email: sjd27@leicester.ac.uk

IODP-ESO Curation and Laboratories

IODP Bremen Core Repository (BCR)
Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)
University of Bremen
Leobener Strasse
28359 Bremen
Germany
Tel: (49) 421-218-65560; Fax: (49) 421-218-98-65560
Email: bcr@marum.de

IODP Japanese Implementing Organization: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

Website: https://www.jamstec.go.jp/chikyu/e/

IODP-Japan Science Operator

Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX)
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences
3175-25 Showa-machi
Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama
Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
Tel: (81) 45-778-5643; Fax: (81) 45-778-5704
Email: cdex@jamstec.go.jp

IODP U.S. Implementing Organization

Website: iodp.tamu.edu

IODP-USIO Systems Integration Contractor

Consortium for Ocean Leadership
1201 New York Avenue, NW, 4th Floor
Washington DC 20005
USA
Tel: (202) 232-3900; Fax: (202) 462-8754
Email: info@oceanleadership.org

IODP-USIO Science Services, LDEO

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University
PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W
Palisades NY 10964
USA
Tel: (845) 365-8672; Fax: (845) 365-3182
Email: borehole@ldeo.columbia.edu

IODP-USIO Science Services, TAMU

International Ocean Discovery Program
Texas A&M University
1000 Discovery Drive
College Station TX 77845-9547
USA
Tel: (979) 845-2673; Fax: (979) 845-4857
Email: information@iodp.tamu.edu

Expedition 349 participants*

Expedition 349 scientists

Chun-Feng Li
Co-Chief Scientist
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology
Tongji University
1239 Siping Road
200092 Shanghai
China
cfl@tongji.edu.cn
Jian Lin
Co-Chief Scientist
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
360 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole MA 02543
USA
jlin@whoi.edu
Denise K. Kulhanek
Expedition Project Manager/Staff Scientist
International Ocean Discovery Program
Texas A&M University
1000 Discovery Drive
College Station TX 77845-9547
USA
kulhanek@iodp.tamu.edu
Trevor Williams
Logging Staff Scientist
Borehole Research Group
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University
PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W
Palisades NY 10964
USA

Present address (August 2015):
International Ocean Discovery Program
Texas A&M University
1000 Discovery Drive
College Station TX 77845-9547
USA
williams@iodp.tamu.edu
Rui Bao
Organic Geochemist
Geologisches Institut
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich)
Sonneggstrasse 5, NO E57
8092 Zürich
Switzerland

Present address (11 January 2017):
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Harvard University
G920 Oxford Street
Cambridge MA 02138
USA
rui_bao@fas.harvard.edu
Anne Briais
Physical Properties Specialist
Géosciences Environnement Toulouse
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, University of Toulouse
14 Avenue Edouard Belin
31400 Toulouse
France
anne.briais@get.obs-mip.fr
Elizabeth A. Brown
Paleontologist (foraminifers)
College of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 7th Avenue South
St. Petersburg FL 33701
USA
eabrown@mail.usf.edu
Yifeng Chen
Inorganic Geochemist
Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
511 Kehua Street, Tianhe District
510640 Guangzhou
China
yfchen@gig.ac.cn
Peter D. Clift
Sedimentologist
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Louisiana State University
E253 Howe-Russell-Kniffen Geoscience Complex
Baton Rouge LA 70803
USA
pclift@lsu.edu
Frederick S. Colwell
Microbiologist
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Administration Building
Corvallis OR 97331-5503
USA
rcolwell@coas.oregonstate.edu
Kelsie A. Dadd
Sedimentologist
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Macquarie University
Sydney NSW 2109
Australia
kelsie.dadd@mq.edu.au
Weiwei Ding
Structural Geologist
Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience
Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration
36 Baochubei Road
310012 Hangzhou
China
wwding@gmail.com
Iván Hernández Almeida
Paleontologist (radiolarians)
Institute of Geography/Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research
University of Bern
Erlachstrasse 9a
3012 Bern
Switzerland
ivan.hernandez@giub.unibe.ch
Xiao-Long Huang
Inorganic Geochemist
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
511 Kehua Street, Tianhe District
510640 Guangzhou
China
xlhuang@gig.ac.cn
Sangmin Hyun
Sedimentologist
Marine Environment and Conservation Research Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST)
787 Haeanlo
Ansan 426-744
Republic of Korea
smhyun@kiost.ac
Tao Jiang
Sedimentologist
Department of Marine Science and Engineering
Faculty of Earth Resources
China University of Geosciences
388 Lumo Road
430074 Wuhan
China
taojiang@cug.edu.cn

Secondary address:
Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
200 Monobe-Otsu
Nanko-ku, Kochi
783-8502
Japan
jiangtao@jamstec.go.jp
Anthony A.P. Koppers
Petrologist
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Administration Building
Corvallis OR 97331
USA
akoppers@coas.oregonstate.edu
Qianyu Li
Paleontologist (foraminifers)
School of Ocean and Earth Sciences
Tongji University
1239 Siping Road
200092 Shanghai
China
qli01@tongji.edu.cn
Chuanlian Liu
Paleontologist (nannofossils)
School of Ocean and Earth Sciences
Tongji University
1239 Siping Road
200092 Shanghai
China
liucl@tongji.edu.cn
Qingsong Liu
Paleomagnetist
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
19 Beitucheng Western Road
Chaoyang District
100029 Beijing
China
qsliu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
Zhifei Liu
Sedimentologist
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology
Tongji University
1239 Siping Road
200092 Shanghai
China
lzhifei@tongji.edu.cn
Renata H. Nagai
Paleontologist (foraminifers)
Department of Physical, Chemical and Geological Oceanography
Instituto Oceanográfico
Universidade de São Paulo
191 sala 171 Praça do Oceanográfico
05508-120 São Paulo-SP
Brazil
renatanagai@usp.br
Alyssa Peleo-Alampay
Observer/Paleontologist (nannofossils)
National Institute of Geological Sciences
University of the Philippines
Diliman
1101 Quezon City
Philippines
ampanigs@yahoo.com
Xin Su
Paleontologist (nannofossils)
School of Marine Geosciences
China University of Geosciences
29 Xueyuan Road
100083 Beijing
China
xsu@cugb.edu.cn
Zhen Sun
Structural Geologist
Department of Marine Geology
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
164 Xingangxi Road
510301 Guangzhou
China
zhensun@scsio.ac.cn
Maria Luisa (Marissa) G. Tejada
Petrologist
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi
Kanagawa
237-0061
Japan
mtejada@jamstec.go.jp
Hai Son Trinh
Observer/Physical Properties Specialist
Department of Science and Technology
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
10 Ton That Thuyet Street
Hanoi
Vietnam
thaison@monre.gov.vn
Yi-Ching Yeh
Observer/Physical Properties Specialist
Taiwan Ocean Research Institute
219 Dongfang Road, Section 1
Kaohsiung City 852
Taiwan
ycyeh@narlabs.org.tw
Chuanlun Zhang
Organic Geochemist
School of Ocean and Earth Sciences
Tongji University
1239 Siping Road
200092 Shanghai
China
archaea.zhang@gmail.com
Fan Zhang
Physical Properties Specialist
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
243 Clark Laboratory
266 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole MA 02543
USA
fzhang@whoi.edu
Guo-Liang Zhang
Petrologist
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
7 Nanhai Road
266071 Qingdao
China
zhangguoliang@qdio.ac.cn
Xixi Zhao
Paleomagnetist
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
University of California, Santa Cruz
1156 High Street
Santa Cruz CA 95064
USA
xzhao@tongji.edu.cn

Education and outreach

Haopeng Tang
Reporter
TV News Center, Shanghai Media Group
298 Weihai Road
200041 Shanghai
China
tanghaopengthp@aliyun.com
*Addresses at time of expedition, except where updated by participants.

Operational and technical staff

Siem Offshore AS officials

Terry Skinner
Master of the Drilling Vessel

James Samuel McLelland
Offshore Installation Manager

IODP-USIO shipboard personnel and technical representatives

Heather Barnes
X-ray Laboratory

Nicole Bilsley
Chemistry Laboratory

Michael Cannon
Marine Computer Specialist

Etienne Claassen
Marine Instrumentation Specialist

Ty Cobb
Physical Properties Laboratory

William Crawford
Imaging Specialist

Roy Davis
Laboratory Officer

Helen Evans
Paleomagnetism Laboratory

David Fackler
Applications Developer

Dean Ferrell
Electronics Specialist

Tim Fulton
Publications Specialist

Ted Gustafson
Thin Section Laboratory

Sandra Herrmann
Core Laboratory

Jon Howell
Applications Developer

Jan Jurie Kotze
Marine Instrumentation Specialist

Gemma Maxwell
Curatorial Specialist

Stephen Midgley
Operations Superintendent

Erik Moortgat
Chemistry Laboratory

Chieh Peng
Assistant Laboratory Officer

Steve Prinz
Assistant Laboratory Officer

Kerry Swain
Logging Engineer

Steven Thomas
Marine Computer Specialist

Rui Wang
Applications Developer

Kevin Werts
Underway Geophysics Laboratory

IODP Publication Services staff*

Lyndal Arceneaux
Program Aide

Douglas Cummings
Graphics Specialist II

Gudelia (“Gigi”) Delgado
Senior Publications Coordinator

Keith Dupuis
Graphics Specialist II

Patrick H. Edwards
Production Specialist IV

Jaime A. Gracia
Supervisor of Production and Graphics

Jenni Hesse
Editor III

Rhonda Kappler
Graphics Specialist III

Shana C. Lewis
Editor III

Ginny Lowe
Reports Coordinator

Amy McWilliams
Editor IV

Angeline T. Miller
Manager of Publication Services

Lorri Peters
Supervisor of Editing

Kenneth Sherar
Production Specialist III

Alyssa Stephens
Graphics Specialist III

Crystal Wolfe
Production Specialist III

Jean Wulfson
Graphics Specialist III

Ann Yeager
Distribution Specialist

*At time of publication.

Expedition-related bibliography*

Citation data for IODP publications and journal articles in RIS format

IODP publications

Scientific Prospectus

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., and Kulhanek, D.K., 2013. South China Sea tectonics: opening of the South China Sea and its implications for southeast Asian tectonics, climates, and deep mantle processes since the late Mesozoic. International Ocean Discovery Program Scientific Prospectus, 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sp.349.2013

Preliminary Report

Expedition 349 Scientists, 2014. South China Sea tectonics: opening of the South China Sea and its implications for southeast Asian tectonics, climates, and deep mantle processes since the late Mesozoic. International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report, 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.349.2014

Proceedings volume

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, 2015. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.2015

Expedition reports

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Expedition 349 summary. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.101.2015

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Methods. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.102.2015

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Site U1431. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.103.2015

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Site U1432. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.104.2015

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Site U1433. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.105.2015

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Site U1434. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.106.2015

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Ding, W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Site U1435. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: South China Sea Tectonics: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.107.2015

Supplementary material

Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, 2015. Supplementary material, http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349supp.2015. Supplement to Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, South China Sea Tectonics. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.2015

Expedition research results

Li, Q., Cheng, X., Chen, J., and Xu, J., 2016. Data report: Oligocene foraminifers and stable isotopes from IODP Hole U1435A. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, South China Sea Tectonics. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.201.2016

Hernández-Almeida, I., 2017. Data report: radiolarian abundances from IODP Holes U1431D, U1432C, and U1433A, Expedition 349. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, South China Sea Tectonics. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.203.2017

Nagai, R.H., and Gerotto, A., 2018. Data report: middle to late Pleistocene planktonic foraminifer abundances from IODP Holes U1431D, U1432C, and U1433A. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, South China Sea Tectonics. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.204.2018

Williams, H.N., Li, N., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, 2018. Data report: exploring the presence of Bdellovibrio and like organisms in deep-sea sediment by culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. In Li, C.-F., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., and the Expedition 349 Scientists, South China Sea Tectonics. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 349: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.349.202.2018

Journals/Books

Bao, R., Jia, G., and Zhang, C., 2019. Spatiotemporal variation of organic geochemical properties since the mid-Miocene in the deep South China Sea (IODP Expedition 349). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 183:103961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.103961

Barckhausen, U., Engels, M., Franke, D., Ladage, S., and Pubellier, M., 2015. Reply to Chang et al., 2014, Evolution of the South China Sea: revised ages for breakup and seafloor spreading. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 59:679-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.09.002

Brown, E.A., 2018. Taxonomy and geochemistry of the Globigerinoides ruber-elongatus Plexus, with paleontological implications [PhD dissertation]. University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2166862865?pq-origsite=gscholar

Cao, L., Jiang, T., and He, J., 2021. Fingerprinting sand from Asian rivers to the deep central South China Sea since the late Miocene. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 133(9-10):1964-1978. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35845.1

Cao, Y., Li, C., and Yao, Y., 2017. Thermal subsidence and sedimentary processes in the South China Sea Basin. Marine Geology, 394:30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.022

Chen, S.-S., Gao, R., Wang, Z., Hou, T., Liao, J., and Yan, C., 2021. Coexistence of Hainan plume and stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone beneath the South China Sea spreading ridge: constraints from volcanic glasses and seismic tomography. Lithosphere, 2021(S2):6619463. https://doi.org/10.2113/2021/6619463

Clift, P.D., 2020. Asian monsoon dynamics and sediment transport in SE Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 195:104352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104352

Dao, N.V., Kitagawa, H., Nakamura, E., Kobayashi, K., Ngo, T.X., and Trinh, S.H., 2022. Bilateral heterogeneity in an upwelling mantle via double subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127(5):e2021JB023328. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023328

Ding, W., Chen, Y., Sun, Z., and Cheng, Z., 2017. Chemical compositions and precipitation timing of basement calcium carbonate veins from the South China Sea. Marine Geology, 392:170-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.021

Ding, W., and Li, J., 2016. Conjugate margin pattern of the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea: insights from deformation structures in the continent-ocean transition zone. Geological Journal, 51(S1):524-534. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2733

Ding, W., Li, J., Clift, P.D., and the IODP 349 Scientists, 2016. Spreading dynamics and sedimentary process of the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea: constraints from multi-channel seismic data and IODP Expedition 349. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 115:97-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.09.013

Duan, Z., Liu, Q., Gai, C., and Zhao, X., 2017. Magnetostratigraphic and environmental implications of greigite (Fe3S4) formation from Hole U1433A of the IODP Expedition 349, South China Sea. Marine Geology, 394:82-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.02.008

Duan, Z., Liu, Q., Qin, H., Zhao, X., and Gao, X., 2020. Behavior of greigite-bearing marine sediments during AF and thermal demagnetization and its significance. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 21(7):e2019GC008635. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008635

Gai, C., Liu, Q., Roberts, A.P., Chou, Y., Zhao, X., Jiang, Z., and Liu, J., 2020. East Asian monsoon evolution since the late Miocene from the South China Sea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 530:115960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115960

Gerotto, A., Figueira, R.C.L., Ferreira, P.A.d.L., Hahn, A., Hernandez-Almeida, I., and Nagai, R.H., 2020. Carbonate-rich sequences in the deep sea of the eastern South China Sea subbasin (IODP Hole U1431D) during the last 600 kyr. Marine Micropaleontology, 158:101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101879

Graw, M.F., D”Angelo, G., Borchers, M., Thurber, A.R., Johnson, J.E., Zhang, C., Liu, H., and Colwell, F.S., 2018. Energy gradients structure microbial communities across sediment horizons in deep marine sediments of the South China Sea. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9:729. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00729

Gregory, M.C., 2017. Palynostratigraphy and environmental implication of organic-walled microfossils recovered from IODP Site U1435 [MS thesis]. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4563/

Guballa, J.D.S., and Peleo-Alampay, A.M., 2020. Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and gephyrocapsid occurrence in Site U1431D, IODP 349, South China Sea. Geosciences, 10(10):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100388

He, E., Zhao, M., Qiu, X., Sibuet, J.-C., Wang, J., and Zhang, J., 2016. Crustal structure across the post-spreading magmatic ridge of the east sub-basin in the South China Sea: tectonic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 121:139-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.03.003

He, M., Xia, X., Huang, X., Ma, J., Zou, J., Yang, Q., Yang, F., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., and Wei, G., 2020. Rapid determination of the original boron isotopic composition from altered basaltic glass by in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 35(2):238-245. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9JA00374F

He, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., Yang, F., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., and Wei, G., 2022. Element mobility and oxygen isotope systematics during submarine alteration of basaltic glass. American Mineralogist, 107(3):432-442. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7831

Huang, C.-Y., Shea, K.-H., and Li, Q., 2017. A foraminiferal study on middle Eocene-Oligocene break-up unconformity in northern Taiwan and its correlation with IODP Site U1435 to constrain the onset event of South China Sea opening. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 138:439-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.09.014

Hyun, S., Ahagon, N., Tejada, M.L.G., Uy, M.A.C., Peleo-Alampay, A., Kim, G.-Y., and Ikehara, M., 2022. Marine and terrestrial biomarkers records in IODP Site 1432C in the South China Sea: linkage between paleoceanography and paleoclimate variability since the last 400 kyrs. Journal of the Geological Society, 58(1):37-49. https://doi.org/10.14770/jgsk.2022.58.1.37

Jiang, T., Gao, H., He, J., and Tian, D., 2019. Post-spreading volcanism in the central South China Sea: insights from zircon U-Pb dating on volcaniclastic breccia and seismic features. Marine Geophysical Research, 40(2):185-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-018-9368-1

Li, C.-F., Li, J., Ding, W., Franke, D., Yao, Y., Shi, H., Pang, X., Cao, Y., Lin, J., Kulhanek, D.K., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Dadd, K.A., Hernández-Almeida, I., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Sun, Z., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, G.-L., and Zhao, X., 2015. Seismic stratigraphy of the central South China Sea basin and implications for neotectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(3):1377-1399. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011686

Li, C.-F., Xu, X., Lin, J., Sun, Z., Zhu, J., Yao, Y., Zhao, X., Liu, Q., Kulhanek, D.K., Wang, J., Song, T., Zhao, J., Qiu, N., Guan, Y., Zhou, Z., Williams, T., Bao, R., Briais, A., Brown, E.A., Chen, Y., Clift, P.D., Colwell, F.S., Ding, K.A.D.W., Almeida, I.H., Huang, X.-L., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., Koppers, A.A.P., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Nagai, R.H., Peleo-Alampay, A., Su, X., Tejada, M.L.G., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.-C., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., and Zhang, G.-L., 2014. Ages and magnetic structures of the South China Sea constrained by deep tow magnetic surveys and IODP Expedition 349. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15(12):4958-4983. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005567

Liao, R., Liu, H., Zhu, H., Deng, J., Li, C., and Sun, W., 2021. MORB-like δ56Fe values unveil the effect of subduction on the South China Sea basalts. Chemical Geology, 569:120124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120124

Liao, R., Zhu, H., Deng, J., Zhang, L., Li, H., Li, C., Liu, H., and Sun, W., 2020. Zinc isotopic systematics of the South China Sea basalts and implications for its behavior during plate subduction. Chemical Geology, 541:119582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119582

Liao, R., Zhu, H., Zhang, L., Li, H., Li, C., He, Y., Sun, W., and Liu, H., 2022. Unusual δ26Mg values in oceanic crust basalts from the South China Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36320.1

Liu, C., 2017. Paleoenvironmental variation and provenance records from Neogene deep sea sediment of the South China Sea [PhD dissertation]. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4158/

Liu, C., Clift, P.D., Carter, A., Böning, P., Zhaochu, H., Zhen, S., and Pahnke, K., 2017. Controls on modern erosion and the development of the Pearl River drainage in the late Paleogene. Marine Geology, 394:52-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.011

Liu, C., Clift, P.D., Giosan, L., Miao, Y., Warny, S., and Wan, S., 2019. Paleoclimatic evolution of the SW and NE South China Sea and its relationship with spectral reflectance data over various age scales. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 525:25-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.02.019

Liu, C., Clift, P.D., Murray, R.W., Blusztajn, J., Ireland, T., Wan, S., and Ding, W., 2017. Geochemical evidence for initiation of the modern Mekong Delta in the southwestern South China Sea after 8 Ma. Chemical Geology, 451:38-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.008

Liu, Z., Li, C.-F., and Kulhanek, D., 2017. Evolution of the Deep South China Sea: Integrated IODP Expedition 349 Results. Marine Geology, 394.

Liu, Z., Li, C.-F., and Kulhanek, D., 2017. Preface: evolution of the deep South China Sea: Integrated IODP Expedition 349 results. Marine Geology, 394:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.009

Lü, C., Hao, T., Yao, Y., Xing, J., and Qiu, X., 2016. Oceanic mantle gravimetric response to the seafloor spreading of the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea. Geological Journal, 51(S1):535-547. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2799

Marquez, R.T.C., Tejada, M.L.G., Suzuki, K., Peleo-Alampay, A.M., Goto, K.T., Hyun, S., and Senda, R., 2017. The seawater osmium isotope record of South China Sea: implications on its history and evolution. Marine Geology, 394:98-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.018

Miao, Y., Warny, S., Clift, P.D., Gregory, M., and Liu, C., 2018. Climatic or tectonic control on organic matter deposition in the South China Sea? A lesson learned from a comprehensive Neogene palynological study of IODP Site U1433. International Journal of Coal Geology, 190:166-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2017.10.003

Miao, Y., Warny, S., Clift, P.D., Liu, C., and Gregory, M., 2017. Evidence of continuous Asian summer monsoon weakening as a response to global cooling over the last 8 Ma. Gondwana Research, 52:48-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.09.003

Miao, Y.F., Warny, S., Liu, C., Clift, P.D., and Gregory, M., 2017. Neogene fungal record from IODP Site U1433, South China Sea: implications for paleoenvironmental change and the onset of the Mekong River. Marine Geology, 394:69-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.019

Morley, C.K., 2016. Major unconformities/termination of extension events and associated surfaces in the South China Seas: review and implications for tectonic development. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 120:62-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.01.013

Nguyen, T.N., Van Kha, T., Van Nam, B., and Nguyen, H.T.T., 2020. Sedimentary basement structure of the southwest sub-basin of the east Vietnam Sea by 3D direct gravity inversion. Marine Geophysical Research, 41:7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-020-09406-w

Qian, S., Zhou, H., Zhang, L., and Cheng, R., 2020. Mantle heterogeneity beneath the South China Sea: chemical and isotopic evidence for contamination of ambient asthenospheric mantle. Lithos, 354-355:105335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105335

Qiu, N., Sun, Z., Lin, J., Li, C.-F., and Xu, X., in press. Dating seafloor spreading of the southwest sub-basin in the South China Sea. Gondwana Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.11.007

Shao, L., Meng, A., Li, Q., Qiao, P., Cui, Y., Cao, L., and Chen, S., 2017. Detrital zircon ages and elemental characteristics of the Eocene sequence in IODP Hole U1435A: implications for rifting and environmental changes before the opening of the South China Sea. Marine Geology, 394:39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.002

Shu, Y., Zhang, G.-L., Tian, L.-L., and Huang, F., 2022. Constraints of barium isotopes on recycling of ancient oceanic crust in the mantle of the South China Sea. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 429:107608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107608

Sibuet, J.-C., Yeh, Y.-C., and Lee, C.-S., 2016. Geodynamics of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 692(B):98-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.022

Song, T., and Li, C.-F., 2015. Rifting to drifting transition of the southwest subbasin of the South China Sea. Marine Geophysical Research, 36(2):167-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-015-9253-0

Song, X., Li, C.-F., Yao, Y., and Shi, H., 2017. Magmatism in the evolution of the South China Sea: geophysical characterization. Marine Geology, 394:4-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.07.021

Sun, K., Wu, T., Liu, X., Chen, X.-G., and Li, C.-F., 2020. Lithogeochemistry of the mid-ocean ridge basalts near the fossil ridge of the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea. Minerals, 10(5):465. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050465

Sun, Q., Alves, T.M., Lu, X., Chen, C., and Xie, X., 2018. True volumes of slope failure estimated from a Quaternary mass-transport deposit in the northern South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(6):2642-2651. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076484

Sun, Q., Cartwright, J., Xie, X., Lu, X., Yuan, S., and Chen, C., 2018. Reconstruction of repeated Quaternary slope failures in the northern South China Sea. Marine Geology, 401:17-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.04.009

Sun, Z., Ding, W., Zhao, X., Qiu, N., Lin, J., and Li, C.-F., 2019. The latest spreading periods of the South China Sea: new constraints from macrostructure analysis of IODP Expedition 349 cores and geophysical data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(10):9980-9998. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017584

Tada, R., and Murray, R.W., 2016. Preface for the article collection “Land-Ocean Linkages under the Influence of the Asian Monsoon”. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3(1):24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-016-0100-y

Wang, H., and Zhao, R., 2016. Pure matrix GR, an indicator of rock matrix gamma radioactivity and its applications. Petrophysics, 57(04):390-396. https://onepetro.org/petrophysics/article/57/04/390/171428/Pure-Matrix-GR-an-Indicator-of-Rock-Matrix-Gamma

Wang, X., Cai, F., Sun, Z., Li, Q., Li, A., Sun, Y., Zhong, W., and Sun, Q., 2022. Late Miocene−Quaternary seismic stratigraphic responses to tectonic and climatic changes at the northeastern margin of the South China Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36224.1

Wu, H., Shi, M., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Zhang, S., Li, H., Yang, T., and Lin, C., 2017. Magnetostratigraphy of ODP Site 1143 in the South China Sea since the early Pliocene. Marine Geology, 394:133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.08.010

Wu, W., Xu, Y., Hou, S., Dong, L., Liu, H., Wang, H., Liu, W., and Zhang, C., 2019. Origin and preservation of archaeal intact polar tetraether lipids in deeply buried sediments from the South China Sea. Deep Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 152:103107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103107

Wu, Y., Ding, W., Sun, Z., Dong, C., and Fang, Y., 2018. Sedimentary budget of the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea: controlling factors and geological implications. Geological Journal, 53(6):3082-3092. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3145

Xie, H., Zhou, D., Shi, H., Kong, D., Li, Y., Li, F., and Cao, J., 2021. Lithospheric stretching-style variations and anomalous post-rift subsidence in the deep water sub-basins of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 131:105140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105140

Xie, Y., Wu, T., Sun, J., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Gao, J., and Chen, C., 2018. Sediment compaction and pore pressure prediction in deepwater basin of the South China Sea: estimation from ODP and IODP drilling well data. Journal of Ocean University of China, 17(1):25-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3449-2

Xu, J., 2018. Petrological and geochemical study of calcareous carbonate dikes in IODP349 basement basalt in South China Sea [MS thesis]. Guanzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guanzhou, China. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-80165-1018073438.htm

Xu, Y., Yang, Y., Yu, H., Gao, W., Gao, X., Liu, B., Tian, X., Yang, J., and Zhang, W., 2020. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from the continent-ocean transition zone in northern South China Sea and their tectonic implications. Journal of Ocean University of China, 19(5):1051-1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4231-9

Yang, F., Huang, X.-L., Xu, Y.-G., and He, P.-L., 2019. Magmatic processes associated with oceanic crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges: evidence from plagioclase in mid-ocean ridge basalts from the South China Sea. Journal of Petrology, 60(6):1135-1162. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz027

Yang, F., Huang, X.-L., Xu, Y.-G., and He, P.-L., 2019. Plume-ridge interaction in the South China Sea: thermometric evidence from Hole U1431E of IODP Expedition 349. Lithos, 324-325:466-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.11.031

Yang, F., Huang, X.-L., Xu, Y.-G., and He, P.-L., 2021. Cryptic zoning in primitive olivine as an archive of mush fluidization at mid-ocean ridges. Lithos, 390-391:106121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106121

Yin, S., Li, J., Ding, W., Sawyer, D.E., Wu, Z., and Tang, Y., 2020. Sedimentary filling characteristics of the South China Sea oceanic basin, with links to tectonic activity during and after seafloor spreading. International Geology Review, 62(7-8):887-907. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2018.1522603

Yu, M., Yan, Y., Huang, C., Zhang, X., Tian, Z., Chen, W., and Santosh, M., 2018. Opening of the South China Sea and upwelling of the Hainan Plume. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(6):2600-2609. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076872

Yu, X., Liu, Z., Wu, J., An, Y.-J., and Shi, J.-h., 2022. Iron isotopic variations in basalts from oceanic crust due to low-temperature seawater alteration. Marine Geology, 454:106949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106949

Zhang, F., Lin, J., Zhang, X., Ding, W., Wang, T., and Zhu, J., 2020. Asymmetry in oceanic crustal structure of the South China Sea basin and its implications on mantle geodynamics. International Geology Review, 62(7-8):840-858. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2018.1425922

Zhang, G.-L., Chen, L.-H., Jackson, M.G., and Hofmann, A.W., 2017. Evolution of carbonated melt to alkali basalt in the South China Sea. Nature Geoscience, 10(3):229-235. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2877

Zhang, G.-L., Luo, Q., Zhao, J., Jackson, M.G., Guo, L.-S., and Zhong, L.-F., 2018. Geochemical nature of sub-ridge mantle and opening dynamics of the South China Sea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 489:145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.040

Zhang, G.-L., Sun, W.-D., and Seward, G., 2018. Mantle source and magmatic evolution of the dying spreading ridge in the South China Sea. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 19(11):4385-4399. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007570

Zhang, J., Li, J., Ruan, A., Ding, W., Niu, X., Wang, W., Tan, P., Wu, Z., Yu, Z., Wei, X., Zhao, Y., and Zhou, Z., 2020. Seismic structure of a postspreading seamount emplaced on the fossil spreading center in the southwest subbasin of the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125(10):e2020JB019827. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019827

Zhang, L., He, C., Liu, Y., and Lin, J., 2017. Frictional properties of the South China Sea oceanic basalt and implications for strength of the Manila subduction seismogenic zone. Marine Geology, 394:16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.05.006

Zhang, X., and Jia, G., 2022. Effects of sediment burial depth and calcium carbonate content on the dry density of sediments in the South China Sea. Frontiers of Marine Geology, 38(06):25-33. https://doi.org/10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.189

Zhang, X., Lin, J., and Behn, M.D., 2021. Mantle heterogeneity and melting processes in the South China Sea: thermal and melting models constrained by oceanic crustal thickness and basalt geochemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126(2):e2020JB020735. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020735

Zhang, Y., Liang, P., Xie, X., Dai, X., Liu, H., Zhang, C., Kao, S., and Jiao, N., 2017. Succession of bacterial community structure and potential significance along a sediment core from Site U1433 of IODP Expedition 349, South China Sea. Marine Geology, 394:125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.06.010

Zhang, Y., Xia, S., Cao, J., Zhao, F., Fan, C., Xu, H., and Wan, K., 2020. Extensional tectonics and post-rift magmatism in the southern South China Sea: new constraints from multi-channel seismic data. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 117:104396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104396

Zhao, Y., Ren, J., Pang, X., Yang, L., and Zheng, J., 2018. Structural style, formation of low angle normal fault and its controls on the evolution of Baiyun Rift, northern margin of the South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 89:687-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.11.001

Zheng, H., Zhong, L.-F., Kapsiotis, A., Cai, G.-Q., Wan, Z.-F., and Xia, B., 2019. Post-spreading basalts from the Nanyue Seamount: implications for the involvement of crustal- and plume-type components in the genesis of the South China Sea mantle. Minerals, 9(6):378. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9060378

Zhong, L.-F., Cai, G.-Q., Koppers, A.A.P., Xu, Y.-G., Xu, H.-H., Gao, H.-F., and Xia, B., 2018. 40Ar/39Ar dating of oceanic plagiogranite: constraints on the initiation of seafloor spreading in the South China Sea. Lithos, 302-303:421-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.01.018

Zhong, Y., Zhang, G.-L., Jin, Q.-Z., Huang, F., Wang, X.-J., and Xie, L.-W., 2021. Sub-basin scale inhomogeneity of mantle in the South China Sea revealed by magnesium isotopes. Science Bulletin, 66(7):740-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.016

Zhong, Y., Zhang, G.-L., Zhong, L.-F., Chen, L.-H., and Wang, X.-J., 2021. Post-spreading volcanism triggered by CO2 along the South China Sea fossil spreading axis. Lithos, 404-405:106478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106478

Zhou, X., Lyu, X., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Jin, X., Zhang, H., and Dadd, K., 2019. Depositional mechanisms for upper Miocene sediments in the South China Sea central basin: evidence from calcareous nannofossils. Marine Micropaleontology, 151:101768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.101768

Zhou, Z., 2018. Cenozoic crustal thinning and strong extensional rift system development in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea [PhD dissertation]. China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10491-1018817048.htm

Conferences

Borchers, M.R., and Graw, M.F., 2015. Sediment interfaces: ecotones on a microbial scale. Presented at the 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 14–18 December 2015. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2015/FM/B11I-0565.html

Cao, Y., Li, C.F., Williams, T., Briais, A., Trinh, H.S., Yeh, Y.C., and Zhang, F., 2014. Tectonic subsidence of the east subbasin of the South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4697.html

Clemens, S.C., Holbourn, A.E., Kubota, Y., Lee, K.E., Liu, Z., and Chen, G., 2017. Water isotope proxy-proxy and proxy-model convergence for late Pleistocene East Asian Monsoon rainfall reconstructions. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2017/FM/PP33E-01.html

Dadd, K.A., Clift, P.D., Hyun, S., Jiang, T., and Liu, Z., 2014. Sedimentation in a submarine seamount apron at Site U1431, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349, South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4695.html

Ding, W., 2015. Neotectonics in the southwest sub-basin, South China Sea: constraints from multi-channel seismic data and IODP Expedition 349. Presented at the 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 14–18 December 2015. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2015/FM/T42C-08.html

Ding, W., and Chen, Y., 2016. Chemical compositions and precipitation timing of basement carbonate vein from fossil spreading ridge of South China Sea. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/OS51C-2077.html

Fang, J., 2015. A new sensitive GC-MS-based method for analysis of dipicolinic acid and quantifying bacterial endospores in deep marine subsurface sediment. Presented at the 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 14–18 December 2015. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2015/FM/B33B-0649.html

Koppers, A.A.P., 2014. On the 40Ar/39Ar dating of low-potassium ocean crust basalt from IODP Expedition 349, South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T31E-03.html

Kulhanek, D.K., Cooper, S.K., Dadd, K.A., Colwell, F.S., Mote, A.S., and Christiansen, E.A., 2014. Live ship-to-shore video events from the JOIDES Resolution during International Ocean Discovery Program expeditions. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/ED11C-3427.html

Kulhanek, D.K., Su, X., Liu, C., and Peleo-Alampay, A., 2014. Oligocene calcareous nannofossils from IODP Site U1435: implications for the initial opening of the South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4693.html

Li, C.F., Briais, A., and Lin, J., 2014. Revisiting South China Sea oceanic spreading in light of IODP Expedition 349 results. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4692.html

Li, C.F., Ding, W., Franke, D., Yao, Y., Pang, X., Shi, H., Li, J., and Cao, Y., 2014. Seismic stratigraphy of the central South China Sea Basin and implications for neotectonics. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4698.html

Lin, C., Harris, R.A., Sun, W., and Zhang, G., 2019. Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the origin and emplacement of the east Taiwan ophiolite: implication for subduction initiation of the South China Sea. Presented at the 2019 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting, Chiba, Japan, 26–30 May 2019. https://confit.atlas.jp/guide/event/jpgu2019/subject/SCG49-01/advanced

Lin, J., Li, C.F., Kulhanek, D.K., Zhao, X., Liu, Q., Xu, X., Sun, Z., and Zhu, J., 2014. South China Sea tectonics and magnetics: constraints from IODP Expedition 349 and deep-tow magnetic surveys. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/GP21B-05.html

Lin, J., Li, C.F., Wang, P., Koppers, A.A.P., Dadd, K.A., and Kulhanek, D.K., 2014. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349 and multidisciplinary research in the South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T31E-01.html

Liu, C., Clift, P.D., Carter, A., Bning, P., Hu, Z., Sun, Z., and Pahnke, K., 2016. Controls on modern erosion and the development of the Pearl River Basin since the Eocene. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/EP43B-0954.html

Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Christophe, C., Peleo-Alampay, A., Guballa, J.D.S., Li, P., and Liu, C., 2016. Occurrence of Quaternary turbidite deposits in the central South China Sea: response to global sea-level changes. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/OS13C-1835.html

Lyu, X., and Liu, Z., 2017. Formation of early-middle Miocene red beds in the South China Sea: element geochemistry and mineralogy analysis. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2017/FM/T33A-0699.html

Qiu, N., 2016. Magnetic characteristic, spreading rate and roughness of the South China Sea Basin: slow-spreading process at the narrow low-latitude basin. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/OS51C-2086.html

Sun, Z., and Ding, W., 2014. Significance of fractures and veins in the basalt at Site U1431 and U1433, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349, South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4696.html

Sun, Z., Ding, W., Zhao, X., Qiu, N., Lin, J., and Li, C., 2017. Revised South China Sea spreading history based on macrostructure analysis of IODP Expedition 349 core samples and geophysical data. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2017/FM/T33A-0685.html

Tejada, M.L.G., Koppers, A.A.P., Zhang, G., and Huang, X.L., 2014. Petrology and geochemistry of igneous basement rocks, IODP Expedition 349, South China Sea. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4694.html

Tejada, M.L.G., Castillo, P., Huang, X.L., and Senda, R., 2016. Crustal and mantle source inputs in the evolution of the South China Sea. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/OS53C-06.html

Tuoyu, W., and Xie, Y., 2017. Sediment compaction in deepwater basin of the South China Sea: estimation from ODP 184 and IODP 349 drilling well data. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2017/FM/OS53A-1178.html

Wang, P., 2016. Deep sea researches in the South China Sea: past, present and future. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/OS53C-02.html

Yu, H., Liu, Y., Li, D., Ning, J., Matsuzawa, T., Shibazaki, B., and Hsu, Y.J., 2014. Quantitative study of seismogenic potential along Manila Trench: effects of Scaborough Seamount chain subduction. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T33C-4708.html

Zhang, G., and Jackson, M.G., 2016. Geochemical constraints on mantle source and melting dynamics of the South China Sea spreading center. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2016/FM/OS53C-07.html

Zhao, M., and Zhang, J., 2015. 3D seismic structure of the Zhenbei-Huangyan Seamount chain in the east sub-basin of the South China Sea and its mechanism of formation. Presented at the 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 14–18 December 2015. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2015/FM/T52A-05.html

Zhao, X., and Liu, Q., 2014. Preliminary paleomagnetic results of cores collected during IODP Expedition 349: South China Sea Tectonics. Presented at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 15–19 December 2014. https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2014/FM/T31E-04.html

*The Expedition-related bibliography is continually updated online. Please send updates to PubCrd@iodp.tamu.edu.
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