Previous   |    Next

doi:10.2204/iodp.sp.345.2012

References

Agrinier, P., Hékinian, R., Bideau, D., and Javoy, M., 1995. O and H stable isotope compositions of oceanic crust and upper mantle rocks exposed in the Hess Deep near the Galapagos triple junction. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136(3–4):183–196. doi:10.10106/​012-821X(95)00159-A

Allan, J.F., Falloon, T., Pedersen, R.B., Shankar Lakkapragada, B., Natland, J.H., and Malpas, J., 1996. Petrology of selected Leg 147 basaltic lavas and dikes. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 173–186. doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.sr.147.010.1996

Alt, J.C., and Bach, W., 2006. Oxygen isotope composition of a section of lower oceanic crust, ODP Hole 735B. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 7(12):Q12008. doi:10.1029/2006GC001385

Alt, J.C., Laverne, C., Coggon, R.M., Teagle, D.A.H., Banerjee, N.R., Morgan, S., Smith-Duque, C.E., Harris, M., and Galli, L., 2010. Subsurface structure of a submarine hydrothermal system in ocean crust formed at the East Pacific Rise, ODP/IODP Site 1256. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 11:Q10010. doi:10.1029/2010GC003144

Alt, J.C., Laverne, C., Vanko, D.A., Tartarotti, P., Teagle, D.A.H., Bach, W., Zuleger, E., Erzinger, J., Honnorez, J., Pezard, P.A., Becker, K., Salisbury, M.H., and Wilkens, R.H., 1996. Hydrothermal alteration of a section of upper oceanic crust in the eastern equatorial Pacific: a synthesis of results from Site 504 (DSDP Legs 69, 70, and 83, and ODP Legs 111, 137, 140, and 148.) In Alt, J.C., Kinoshita, H., Stokking, L.B., and Michael, P.J. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 148: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 417–434. doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.sr.148.159.1996

Anonymous, 1972. Penrose field conference on ophiolites. Geotimes, 17:24–25.

Arai, S., and Matsukage, K., 1996. Petrology of gabbro-troctolite-peridotite complex from Hess Deep, equatorial Pacific: implications for mantle-melt interaction within the oceanic lithosphere. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 135–155. doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.sr.147.008.1996

Arai, S., Matsukage, K., Isobe, E., and Vysotskiy, S., 1997. Concentration of incompatible elements in oceanic mantle: effect of melt/wall interaction in stagnant or failed melt conduits within peridotite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61(3):671–675. doi:10.1016/​S0016-7037(96)00389-4

Ballu, V., Hildebrand, J.A., and Canuteson, E.L., 1999. The density structure associated with oceanic crustal rifting at the Hess Deep: a seafloor and sea-surface gravity study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 171(1):21–34. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00132-6[†]

Barker, A.K., Coogan, L.A., Gillis, K.M., and Weis, D., 2008. Strontium isotope constraints on fluid flow in the sheeted dike complex of fast-spreading crust: pervasive fluid flow at Pito Deep. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 9(6):Q06010. doi:10.1029/2007GC001901

Bédard, J.H., Sparks, R.S.J., Renner, R., Cheadle, M.J., and Hallworth, M.A., 1988. Peridotite sills and metasomatic gabbros in the eastern layered series of the Rhum complex. J. Geol. Soc. (London, U. K.), 145(2):207–224. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.145.2.0207

Bickle, M.J., and Teagle, D.A.H., 1992. Strontium alteration in the Troodos ophiolite: implications for fluid fluxes and geochemical transport in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 113(1–2):219–237. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(92)90221-G

Blackman, D.K., Ildefonse, B., John, B.E., Ohara, Y., Miller, D.J., MacLeod, C.J., and the Expedition 304/305 Scientists, 2006. Proc IODP, 304/305: College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.304305.2006

Blum, N., 1991. Structure and composition of oceanic crust and upper mantle exposed in Hess Deep of the Galapagos microplate (equatorial east Pacific) [Ph.D. dissert.]. Univ. Karlsruhe, Germany.

Boudier, F., Nicolas, A., and Ildefonse, B., 1996. Magma chambers in the Oman ophiolite: fed from the top and the bottom. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144(1–2):239–250. doi:10.1016/​0012-821X(96)00167-7

Canales, J.P., Nedimovic, M.R., Kent, G.M., Carbotte, S.M., and Detrick, R.S., 2009. Seismic reflection images of a near-axis melt sill within the lower crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature (London, U. K.), 460(7251):89–93. doi:10.1038/nature08095

Cann, J.R., 1974. A model for oceanic crystal structure developed. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 39(1):169–187. doi:10.1111/​j.1365-246X.1974.tb05446.x

Cannat, M., Karson, J.A., Miller, D.J., et al., 1995. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 153: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.153.1995

Chen, Y.J., 2001. Thermal effects of gabbro accretion from a deeper second melt lens at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 106(B5):8581–8588. doi:10.1029/2000JB900420

Cherkaoui, A.S.M., Wilcock, W.S.D., Dunn, R.A., and Toomey, D.R., 2003. A numerical model of hydrothermal cooling and crustal accretion at a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 4(9):8616. doi:10.1029/2001GC000215

Coogan, L.A., in press. The lower oceanic crust. In Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), Treatise on Geochemistry: The Crust (Vol. 3). Holland, H.D., and Turekian, K.K. (Series Eds.): New York (Elsevier), 1–45.

Coogan, L.A., 2007. The lower oceanic crust. In Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), Treatise on Geochemistry: The Crust (Vol. 3). Holland, H.D., and Turekian, K.K. (Series Eds.): New York (Elsevier), 1–45. doi:10.1016/​B978-008043751-4/00230-3

Coogan, L.A., Gillis, K.M., MacLeod, C.J., Thompson, G.M., and Hékinian, R., 2002a. Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed at the East Pacific Rise and exposed at Hess Deep: a synthesis and new results. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 3(11):8604. doi:10.1029/​2001GC000230

Coogan, L.A., and Hinton, R.W., 2006. Do the trace element compositions of detrital zircons require Hadean continental crust? Geology, 34(8):633–636. doi:10.1130/G22737.1

Coogan, L.A., Jenkin, G.R.T., and Wilson, R.N., 2007a. Contrasting cooling rates in the lower oceanic crust at fast- and slow-spreading ridges revealed by geospeedometry. J. Petrol., 48(11):2211–2231. doi:10.1093/petrology/egm057

Coogan, L.A., Kasemann, S.A., and Chakraborty, S., 2005. Rates of hydrothermal cooling of new oceanic upper crust derived from lithium geospeedometry. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 240(2):415–424. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.020

Coogan, L.A., Manning, C.E., and Wilson., R.N., 2007b. Oxygen isotope evidence for short-lived high-temperature fluid flow in the lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 260(3–4):524–536. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.013

Coogan, L.A., Thompson, G., and MacLeod, C.J., 2002b. A textural and geochemical investigation of high level gabbros from the Oman ophiolite: implications for the role of the axial magma chamber at fast-spreading ridges. Lithos, 63(1–2):67–82. doi:10.1016/​S0024-4937(02)00114-7

Crawford, W.C., and Webb, S.C., 2002. Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9°–10°N. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203(1):117–130. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(02)00831-2

Detrick, R.S., Buhl, P., Vera, E., Mutter, J., Orcutt, J., Madsen, J., and Brocher, T., 1987. Multi-channel seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along the East Pacific Rise. Nature (London, U. K.), 326(6108):35–41. doi:10.1038/326035a0

Dick, H.J.B., and Natland, J.H., 1996. Late-stage melt evolution and transport in the shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 103–134. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.007.1996

Dick, H.J.B., Natland, J.H., Miller, D.J., et al., 1999. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 176: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.176.1999

Dunn, R.A., Toomey, D.R., and Solomon, S.C., 2000. Three-dimensional seismic structure and physical properties of the crust and shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9°30’N. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 105(B10):23537–23556. doi:10.1029/2000JB900210

Durant, D.T., and Toomey, D.R., 2009. Evidence and implications of crustal magmatism on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 287(1–2):130–136. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.003

Faak, K., Chakraborty, S., and Coogan, L.A., 2011. Evaluation of the variation in cooling rate with depth in the lower crust at fast-spreading ridges using a newly developed Mg in plagioclase geospeedometer [presented at the 2011 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 5–9 December 2011]. (Abstract V13F-04) http://​www.agu.org/​meetings/​fm11/​waisfm11.html

Floyd, J.S., Tolstoy, M., Mutter, J.C., and Scholz, C.H., 2002. Seismotectonics of mid-ocean ridge propagation in Hess Deep. Science, 298(5599):1765–1768. doi:10.1126/science.1077950

Francheteau, J., Armijo, R., Cheminée, J.L., Hekinian, R., Lonsdale, P., and Blum, N., 1990. 1 Ma East Pacific Rise oceanic crust and uppermost mantle exposed by rifting in Hess Deep (equatorial Pacific Ocean). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101(2–4):281–295. doi:10.1016/​0012-821X(90)90160-Y

Francheteau, J., Armijo, R., Cheminée, J.L., Hekinian, R., Lonsdale, P., and Blum, N., 1992. Dyke complex of the East Pacific Rise exposed in the walls of Hess Deep and the structure of the upper oceanic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 111(1):109–121. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(92)90173-S

Früh-Green, G.L., Plas, A., and Dell’Angelo, L.N., 1996. Mineralogic and stable isotope record of polyphase alteration of upper crustal gabbros of the East Pacific Rise (Hess Deep, Site 894). In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 235–254. doi:10.2973/vodp.proc.sr.147.015.1996

Gao, Y., Hoefs, J., Przybilla, R., and Snow, J.E., 2006. A complete oxygen isotope profile through the lower oceanic crust, ODP Hole 735B. Chem. Geol., 233(3–4):217–234. doi:10.1016/​j.chemgeo.2006.03.005

Garmany, J., 1989. Accumulations of melt at the base of young oceanic crust. Nature (London, U. K.), 340(6235):628–632. doi:10.1038/​340628a0

Gillis, K.M., 1995. Controls on hydrothermal alteration in a section of fast-spreading oceanic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 134(3–4):473–489. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(95)00137-2

Gillis, K.M., 2008. The roof of an axial magma chamber: a hornfelsic heat exchanger. Geology, 36(4):299–302. doi:10.1130/​G24590A.1

Gillis, K.M., Coogan, L.A., and Chaussidon, M., 2003. Volatile element (B, Cl, F) behaviour in the roof of an axial magma chamber from the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 213(3–4):447–462. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(03)00346-7

Gillis, K.M., Coogan, L.A., and Pedersen, R., 2005. Strontium isotope constraints on fluid flow in the upper oceanic crust at the East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 232(1–2):83–94. doi:10.1016/​j.epsl.2005.01.008

Gillis, K., Mével, C., Allan, J., et al., 1993. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.ir.147.1993

Gillis, K.M., Muehlenbachs, K., Stewart, M., Gleeson, T., and Karson, J., 2001. Fluid flow patterns in fast spreading East Pacific Rise crust exposed at Hess Deep. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 106(B11):26311–26329. doi:10.1029/2000JB000038

Gregory, R.T., and Taylor, H.P., Jr., 1981. An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail ophiolite, Oman: evidence for δ¹⁸O buffering of the oceans by deep (>5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 86(B4):2737–2755. doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02737

Hanna, H.D., 2004. Geochemical variations in basaltic glasses from an incipient rift and upper level gabbros from Hess Deep, eastern equatorial Pacific [M.Sc. thesis]. Duke Univ., Durham.

Heft, K.L., Gillis, K.M., Pollock, M.A., Karson, J.A., and Klein, E.M., 2008. Role of upwelling hydrothermal fluids in the development of alteration patterns at fast-spreading ridges: evidence from the sheeted dike complex at Pito Deep. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 9(5):Q05O07. doi:10.1029/2007GC001926

Hékinian, R., Bideau, D., Francheteau, J., Cheminee, J.L., Armijo, R., Lonsdale, P., and Blum, N., 1993. Petrology of the East Pacific Rise crust and upper mantle exposed in Hess Deep (eastern equatorial Pacific). J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 98(B5):8069–8094. doi:10.1029/92JB02072

Henstock, T.J., Woods, A.W., and White, R.S., 1993. The accretion of oceanic crust by episodic sill intrusion. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 98(B3):4143–4161. doi:10.1029/92JB02661

Hess, H.H., 1960. The AMSOC hole to the Earth’s mantle. Am. Sci., 48(2):254–263. http://​www.jstor.org/​stable/​27827541

Hey, R., Johnson, G.L., and Lowrie, A., 1977. Recent plate motions in the Galapagos area. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88(10):1385–1403. doi:10.1130/​0016-7606(1977)88<1385:RPMITG>2.0.CO;2

Hey, R.N., Deffeyes, K.S., Johnson, G.L., and Lowrie, A., 1972. The Galapagos triple junction and plate motions in the East Pacific. Nature (London, U. K.), 237(5349)20–22. doi:10.1038/237020a0

Holden, J.C., and Dietz, R.S., 1972. Galapagos gore, NazCoPac triple junction and Carnegie/Cocos Ridges. Nature (London, U. K.), 235(5336):266–269. doi:10.1038/235266a0

Hooft, E.E.E., Detrick, R.S., and Kent, G.M., 1994. Seismic structure and indicators of magma budget along the southern East Pacific Rise. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 102(B12):27319–27340. doi:10.1029/97JB02349

John, B.E., Foster, D.A., Murphy, J.M., Cheadle, M.J., Baines, A.G., Fanning, C.M., and Copeland, P., 2004. Determining the cooling history of in situ lower oceanic crust—Atlantis Bank, SW Indian Ridge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 222(1):145–160. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.02.014

Karson, J.A., Hurst, S.D., and Lonsdale, P., 1992. Tectonic rotations of dikes in fast-spread oceanic crust exposed near Hess Deep. Geology, 20(8):685–688. doi:10.1130/​0091-7613(1992)020<0685:TRODIF>2.3.CO;2

Karson, J.A., Klein, E.M., Hurst, S.D., Lee, C.E., Rivizzigno, P.A., Curewitz, D., Morris, A.R., Miller, D.J., Varga, R.G., Christeson, G.L., Cushman, B., O’Neill, J.M., Brophy, J.G., Gillis, K.M., Stewart, M.A., and Sutton, A.L., 2002. Structure of uppermost fast-spread oceanic crust exposed at the Hess Deep Rift: implications for subaxial processes at the East Pacific Rise. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 3(1):1002. doi:10.1029/​2001GC000155

Kelemen, P.B., and Aharonov, E., 1998. Periodic formation of magma fractures and generation of layered gabbros in the lower crust beneath oceanic spreading centers. In Buck, R., Delaney, P.T., Karson, J.A., and Lagabrielle, Y. (Eds.), Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges. Geophys. Monogr., 106:267–289. doi:10.1029/GM106p0267

Kelemen, P.B., Kikawa, E., Miller, D.J., et al., 2004. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 209: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi.10.2973/odp.proc.ir.209.2004

Kelemen, P.B., Koga, K., and Shimizu, N., 1997. Geochemistry of gabbro sills in the crust-mantle transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: implications for the origin of the oceanic lower crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146(3–4):475–488. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00235-X

Kelley, D.S., and Malpas, J., 1996. Melt-fluid evolution in gabbroic rocks from Hess Deep. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 213–226. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.013.1996

Kent, G.M., Harding, A.J., and Orcutt, J.A., 1990. Evidence for a smaller magma chamber beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9°30¢N. Nature (London, U. K.), 344(6267):650–653. doi:10.1038/344650a0

Kirchner, T., and Gillis, K.M., in press. Mineralogical and strontium isotopic record of hydrothermal processes in the lower ocean crust at and near the East Pacific Rise. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.

Klein, E.M., 2007. Geochemistry of the igneous ocean crust. In Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), Treatise on Geochemistry: The Crust (Vol. 3). Holland, H.D., and Turekian, K.K. (Series Eds.): New York (Elsevier), 433–463. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03030-9

Koepke, J., Berndt, J., Feig, S.T., and Holtz, F., 2007. The formation of SiO₂-rich melts within the deep ocean crust by hydrous partial melting of gabbros. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 153(1):67–84. doi:10.1007/​s00410-006-0135-y

Koepke, J., France, L., Müller, T., Faure, F., Goetze, N., Dziony, W., and Ildefonse, B., 2011. Gabbros from IODP Site 1256, equatorial Pacific: insight into axial magma chamber processes at fast-spreading ocean ridges. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 12(9):Q09014. doi:10.1029/2011GC003655

Korenaga, J., and Kelemen, P.B., 1997. Origin of gabbro sills in the Moho transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: implications for magma transport in the oceanic lower crust. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 102(B12):27729–27749. doi:10.1029/​97JB02604 doi:10.1029/97JB02604

Korenaga, J., and Kelemen, P.B., 1998. Melt migration through the oceanic lower crust: a constraint from melt percolation modeling with finite solid diffusion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 156(1–2):1–11. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(98)00004-1

Lécuyer, C., and Gruau, G., 1996. Oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of Hess Deep gabbros (Holes 894F and 894G): high-temperature interaction of seawater with the oceanic crust Layer 3. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 227–234. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.014.1996

Lecuyer, C., and Reynard, B., 1996. High-temperature alteration of oceanic gabbros by seawater (Hess Deep, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 147): evidence from oxygen isotopes and elemental fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 101(B7):15883–15897. doi:10.1029/96JB00950

Lonsdale, P., 1988. Structural pattern of the Galapagos microplate and evolution of the Galapagos triple junctions. J. Geophys. Res. [Solid Earth], 93(B11):13551–13574. doi:10.1029/​JB093iB11p13551

Lonsdale, P., 1989. Segmentation of the Pacific-Nazca spreading center, 1°N–20°S. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 94(B9):12197–12225. doi:10.1029/JB094iB09p12197

Maclennan, J., Hulme, T., and Singh, S.C., 2004. Thermal models of oceanic crustal accretion: linking geophysical, geological, and petrological observations. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 5(2):Q02F25. doi:10.1029/2003GC000605

MacLeod, C.J., Boudier, F., Yaouancq, G., and Richter, C., 1996a. Gabbro fabrics from Site 894, Hess Deep: implications for magma chamber processes at the East Pacific Rise. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 317–328. doi:10.2973/​odp.proc.sr.147.018.1996

MacLeod, C.J., Célérier, B., Früh-Green, G.L., and Manning, C.E., 1996b. Tectonics of Hess Deep: a synthesis of drilling results from Leg 147. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 461–475. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.032.1996

MacLeod, C.J., Teagle, D.A., Gillis, K.M., Shillington, D.J., and Scientific Party, 2008. Morphotectonics of Hess Deep: preliminary results of RSS James Cook Cruise JC21. Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 89(53)(Suppl.):V43I-408. (Abstract) http://​www.agu.org/​meetings/​fm08/​waisfm08.html

MacLeod, C.J., and Yaouancq, G., 2000. A fossil melt lens in the Oman ophiolite: implications for magma chamber processes at fast spreading ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 176(3–4):357–373. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(00)00020-0

Manning, C.E., and MacLeod, C.J., 1996. Fracture-controlled metamorphism of Hess Deep gabbros, Site 894: constraints on the roots of mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal systems at fast-spreading centers. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 189–212. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.011.1996

Manning, C.E., Weston, P.E., and Mahon, K.I., 1996. Rapid high-temperature metamorphism of East Pacific Rise gabbros from Hess Deep. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144(1–2):123–132. doi:10.1016/​0012-821X(96)00153-7

McCollom, T.M., and Shock, E.L., 1998. Fluid-rock interactions in the lower oceanic crust: thermodynamic models of hydrothermal alteration. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 103(B1):547–576. doi:10.1029/​97JB02603

Mitchell, G.A., Montési, L.G.J., Zhu, W., Smith, D.K., and Schouten, H., 2011. Transient rifting north of the Galápagos triple junction. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 307(3–4):461–469. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.027

Morton, J.L., and Sleep, N.H., 1985. A mid-ocean ridge thermal model: constraints on the volume of axial hydrothermal heat flux. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 90(B13):11345–11353. doi:10.1029/​JB090iB13p11345

Natland, J.H., and Dick, H.J.B., 1996. Melt migration through high-level gabbroic cumulates of the East Pacific Rise at Hess Deep: the origin of magma lenses and the deep crustal structure of fast-spreading ridges. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 21–58. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.002.1996

Nicolas, A., 1989. Structures of Ophiolites and Dynamics of Oceanic Lithosphere: Dordrecht (Springer).

Nicolas, A., Reuber, I., and Benn, K., 1988. A new magma chamber model based on structural studies in the Oman ophiolite. Tectonophysics, 151(1–4):87–105. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(88)90242-9

Ocean Drilling Program, 1995. Report of the Offset Drilling Workshop. ODP Tech. Note, 25. doi:10.2973/odp.tn.25.1995

O’Hara, M.J., 1968. Are ocean floor basalts primary magma? Nature (London, U. K.), 220(5168):683–686. doi:10.1038/220683a0

Pallister, J.S., and Hopson, C.A., 1981. Samail ophiolite plutonic suite: field relations, phase variation, cryptic variation and layering, and a model of a spreading ridge magma chamber. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 86(B4):2593–2644. doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02593

Pariso, J.E., Kelso, P., and Richter, C., 1996. Paleomagnetism and rock magnetic properties of gabbro from Hole 894G, Hess Deep. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 373–381. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.023.1996

Pedersen, R.B., Malpas, J., and Falloon, T., 1996. Petrology and geochemistry of gabbroic and related rocks from Site 894, Hess Deep. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 3–19. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.001.1996

Perk, N.W., Coogan, L.A., Karson, J.A., Klein, E.M., and Hanna, H.D., 2007. Petrology and geochemistry of primitive lower oceanic crust from Pito Deep: implications for the accretion of the lower crust at the southern East Pacific Rise. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 154(5):575–590. doi:10.1007/​s00410-007-0210-z

Phipps Morgan, J., and Chen, Y.J., 1993. The genesis of oceanic crust: magma injection, hydrothermal circulation, and crustal flow. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 98(B4):6283–6297. doi:10.1029/92JB02650

Quick, J.E., and Denlinger, R.P., 1993. Ductile deformation and the origin of layered gabbro in ophiolites. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 98(B8):14015–14027. doi:10.1029/93JB00698

Richter, C., Kelso, P.R., and MacLeod, C.J., 1996. Magnetic fabrics and sources of magnetic susceptibility in lower crustal and upper mantle rocks from Hess Deep. In Mével, C., Gillis, K.M., Allan, J.F., and Meyer, P.S. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 147: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 393–403. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.025.1996

Robinson, P.T., Von Herzen, R., et al., 1989. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 118: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.118.1989

Ryan, W.B.F., Carbotte, S.M., Coplan, J.O., O’Hara, S., Melkonian, A., Arko, R., Weissel, R.A., Ferrini, V., Goodwillie, A., Nitsche, F., Bonczkowski, J., and Zemsky, R., 2009. Global multi-resolution topography synthesis. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 10(3):Q03014. doi:10.1029/​2008GC002332

Schouten, H., Smith, D.K., Montési, L.G.J., Zhu, W., and Klein, E.M., 2008. Cracking of lithosphere north of the Galapagos triple junction. Geology, 36(5):339–342. doi:10.1130/G24431A.1

Singh, S.C., Kent, G.M., Collier, J.S., Harding, A.J., and Orcutt, J.A., 1998. Melt to mush variations in crustal magma properties along the ridge crest at the southern East Pacific Rise. Nature (London, U. K.), 394(6696):874–878. doi:10.1038/29740

Sleep, N.H., 1975. Formation of oceanic crust: some thermal constraints. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 80(29):4037–4042. doi:10.1029/JB080i029p04037

Smith, D.K., Schouten, H., Zhu, W., Montési, L.G.J., and Cann, J.R., 2011. Distributed deformation ahead of the Cocos-Nazca Rift at the Galapagos triple junction. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 12(6):Q11003. doi:10.1029/2011GC003689

Stewart, M.A., Karson, J.A., and Klein, E.M., 2005. Four-dimensional upper crustal construction at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges: a perspective from an upper crustal cross-section at the Hess Deep Rift. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 144(1–4):287–309. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.026

Stewart, M.A., Klein, E.M., and Karson, J.A., 2002. Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: insights into the four-dimensional character of crustal construction at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 107(B10):2238. doi:10.1029/2001JB000545

Stolper, E., and Walker, D., 1980. Melt density and the average composition of basalt. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 74(1):7–12. doi:10.1007/​BF00375484

Teagle, D.A.H., Alt, J.C., and Halliday, A.N., 1998. Tracing the chemical evolution of fluids during hydrothermal recharge: constraints from anhydrite recovered in ODP Hole 504B. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 155(3–4):167–182. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00209-4

Teagle, D.A.H., Bickle, M.J., and Alt, J.C., 2003. Recharge flux to ocean-ridge black smoker systems: a geochemical estimate from ODP Hole 504B. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 210(1–2):81–89. doi:10.1016/​S0012-821X(03)00126-2

Wager, L.R., and Brown, G.M., 1967. Layered Igneous Rocks: San Francisco (W.H. Freeman).

Wager, L.R., Brown, G.M., and Wadsworth, W.J., 1960. Types of igneous cumulates. J. Petrol., 1(1):73–85. http://​petrology.oxfordjournals.org/​content/​1/1/7​3.abstract

Wiggins, S.M., Dorman, L.M., Cornuelle, B.D., and Hildebrand, J.A., 1996. Hess Deep rift valley structure from seismic tomography. J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth], 101(B10):22335–22353. doi:10.1029/96JB01230

Wilson, D.S., Teagle, D.A.H., Alt, J.C., Banerjee, N.R., Umino, S., Miyashita, S., Acton, G.D., Anma, R., Barr, S.R., Belghoul, A., Carlut, J., Christie, D.M., Coggon, R.M., Cooper, K.M., Cordier, C., Crispini, L., Durand, S.R., Einaudi, F., Galli, L., Gao, Y., Geldmacher, J., Gilbert, L.A., Hayman, N.W., Herrero-Bervera, E., Hirano, N., Holter, S., Ingle, S., Jiang, S., Kalberkamp, U. Kerneklian, M., Koepke, J., Laverne, C., Vasquez, H.L.L., Maclennan, J., Morgan, S., Neo, N., Nichols, H.J., Park, S.-H., Reichow, M.K., Sakuyama, T., Sano, T., Sandwell, R., Scheibner, B., Smith-Duque, C.E., Swift, S.A., Tartarotti, P., Tikku, A.A., Tominaga, M., Veloso, E.A., Yamasaki, T., Yamazaki, S., and Ziegler, C., 2006. Drilling to gabbro in intact ocean crust. Science, 312(5776):1016–1020. doi:10.1126/​science.1126090

Zonenshain, L.P., Kogan, L.I., Savostin, L.A., Golmstock, A.J., and Gorodnitskii, A.M., 1980. Tectonics, crustal structure and evolution of the Galapagos triple junction. Mar. Geol., 37(3–4):209–230. doi:10.1016/​0025-3227(80)90102-4

Top of page   |    Previous   |    Next