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Chapter contents Introduction Drilling operations Reference depths Sampling and classification of material transported by drilling mud Influence of drilling mud composition on cuttings Cuttings handling Drilling mud handling Mud gas handling Core handling Authorship of site chapters Logging while drilling LWD systems and tools Onboard data flow and quality check Log characterization and lithologic interpretation Physical properties Lithology Macroscopic observations of cuttings Macroscopic observations of core X-ray computed tomography Microscopic observation of cuttings Q-index Smear slides Thin sections X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence Identification of lithologic units Structural geology Description and data collection Data processing Biostratigraphy Calcareous nannofossils Radiolarians Planktonic foraminifers Geochemistry Interstitial water geochemistry for core samples Organic geochemistry Assessing drilling mud contamination Gas analysis Physical properties MSCL-W (cores and cuttings) P-wave velocity measurements on MSCL-S (cores) Magnetic susceptibility (washed cuttings) Thermal conductivity (cores) Moisture and density measurements (cores and cuttings) Dielectrics and electrical conductivity (washed cuttings) Ultrasonic P-wave velocity and anisotropy (cores) Unconfined compressive strength Shear strength measurements MSCL-I: photo image logger (archive halves) MSCL-C: color spectroscopy (archive halves) Leak-off test Paleomagnetism Laboratory instruments Discrete samples and sampling coordinates Magnetic reversal stratigraphy Cuttings-core-log-seismic integration Seismic reflection data Integration with cuttings, core, and log data X-ray computed tomography Background X-ray CT scan data usage References Figures F1. Concentric string tool. F2. Hydromechanical Anderreamer. F3. BHA configurations. F4. Silty claystone and sandstone formation. F5. Cuttings analysis flow. F6. Core analysis flow. F7. VCD graphic patterns and symbols. F8. X-ray diffractograms of standard minerals. F9. Structural geology observation sheet. F10. Modified protractor. F11. Core coordinate system. F12. Orientation of a geological plane. F13.Rake of slickenlines. F14. Orientation data spreadsheet. F15. Magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic events. F16. Mud extraction system. F17. Methane source classification. F18. Hydrocarbon gas classification. F19. Hydrocarbon gas background checks. F20. Dielectric mechanisms. F21. Axis orientation, working halves. F22. SRM coordinates. Tables T1. BHA summary. T2. Depth scales. T3. LWD/MWD tools. T4. geoVISION specifications. T5. sonicVISION specifications. T6. Volcanic lithologies. T7. XRD peaks. T8. Relative mineral abundance normalization factors. T9. XRF analytical conditions. T10. Average major element values. T11. Age estimates. T12. Planktonic foraminiferal events. T13. Drilling mud background concentrations. T14. Geomagnetic polarity timescale. Appendix A Evaluation of GRIND and leaching methods for extracting interstitial water as an alternative to the standard squeezing method Appendix A figures AF1. pH, alkalinity, chlorinity, SO₄^2–, and Br^–. AF2. Li, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb, Cs, NH₄⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr, and Ba. AF3. B, Si, V, Mo, U, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. AF4. pH, alkalinity, chlorinity, SO₄^2–, and Br^–. AF5. Li, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb, Cs, NH₄⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr, and Ba. AF6. B, Si, V, Mo, U, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Appendix A tables AT1. Extraction methods. AT2. Spiked element concentrations. AT3. Water content comparison. AT4. Extracted solution chemistry. Appendix B Contamination check for mud-gas monitoring Appendix B figures BF1. Standard gas connection. BF2. Contamination check. Appendix B tables BT1. Pump settings. BT2. Gas flow rate. BT3. MCIA results. BT4. 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