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Proceedings of the
International Ocean Discovery Program

Volume 359
Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level

Expedition 359 of the riserless drilling platform
Darwin, Australia, to Colombo, Sri Lanka
Sites U1465–U1472
30 September–30 November 2015

Volume authorship
Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists

Published by
International Ocean Discovery Program


Publisher’s notes

This publication was prepared by the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO) at Texas A&M University (TAMU) as an account of work performed under the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). Funding for IODP is provided by the following international partners:

  • National Science Foundation (NSF), United States
  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
  • European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China
  • Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
  • Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC)
  • Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India
  • Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazil

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the participating agencies, TAMU, or Texas A&M Research Foundation.

The bulk of the shipboard-collected core data from this expedition is accessible at https://zenodo.org/communities/iodp (see list of available datasets in Zenodo). If you cannot access this site or need additional data, please contact Data Librarian, International Ocean Discovery Program JOIDES Resolution Science Operator, at database@iodp.tamu.edu.

A complete set of the logging data collected during the expedition is available at http://brg.ldeo.columbia.edu/logdb. If you have problems downloading the data, wish to receive additional logging data, or have questions regarding the data, please contact Database Administrator, Borehole Research Group, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades NY 10964, USA. Tel: (845) 365-8343; Fax: (845) 365-3182; Email: logdb@ldeo.columbia.edu.

Supplemental data were provided by the authors and may not conform to IODP publication formats.

JRSO expedition photos are the property of IODP and are in the public domain.

Some core photographs have been tonally enhanced to better illustrate particular features of interest. High-resolution images are available upon request.

Cover photograph shows dogtooth cements in Amphistegina. Photo credit: IODP JRSO.

Copyright

Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US). Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction are permitted, provided the original author and source are credited.

Examples of how to cite this volume or part of this volume are available at http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/359/359title.html#bib.

ISSN

World Wide Web: 2377-3189

Publication date

4 May 2017


Contents

Expedition reports

Chapters

Expedition 359 summary
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Expedition 359 methods
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1465
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1466
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1467
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1468
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1469
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1470
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1471
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Site U1472
C. Betzler et al.
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Data report: surface seawater plankton sampling for coccolithophores undertaken during IODP Expedition 359
Jeremy R. Young, Santi Pratiwi, Xiang Su, and the Expedition 359 Scientists
HTML PDF Download figures Download tables Cited by

Core descriptions

Visual core descriptions (VCDs) and thin sections are combined into PDF files for each site. The entire set of core images in PDF is available in the IMAGES directory.

Site U1465
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1466
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1467
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1468
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1469
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1470
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1471
Visual core descriptions · Thin sections

Site U1472
Visual core descriptions

Supplementary material

Supplementary material for the Volume 359 expedition reports includes DESClogik exports in Microsoft Excel, SHIL log sheets in PDF, and an oversized figure of the transects in AI format with a caption in Microsoft Word. A full list of directories can be found in SUPP_MAT in the volume zip folder or on the Supplementary material for Volume 359 expedition reports web page.

Expedition research results

Data reports

Data report: bulk sediment calcium carbonate and organic matter from IODP Expedition 359 Site U1471 (0–21 m CCSF)
Christine Buchwalter, Carlos A. Alvarez Zarikian, and Chang Liu
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Drilling location maps

A site map showing the drilling locations for this expedition and maps showing the drilling locations of all International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), produced using QGIS (http://www.qgis.org), and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) expeditions, produced using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) of Paul Wessel and Walter H.F. Smith (http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu), are available in PDF.


Dedication

We dedicate this volume to Ed Purdy for his seminal work on the Maldives carbonate platform. In addition to his pioneering studies on modern carbonates of the Bahamas and Belize, Ed was a driving force behind seismic and core studies in the Maldives to further the investigation of Neogene platforms and their response to sea level change.


Acknowledgments

This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We thank all of the personnel aboard the R/V JOIDES Resolution during Expedition 359 for their skill and dedication. Particular thanks go to the Technical Support staff for the quality and timeliness of their work. We greatly appreciate the qualified advice from the entire drilling crew and their efforts to core the challenging carbonate sections. The success of the expedition was also enabled by the help of the Environmental Protection and Safety Panel, which allowed us to readjust our drilling strategies even during the expedition. Dr. Mohamed Shainee is thanked for personal support that allowed us to drill in the Maldives. The editorial staff at the IODP JOIDES Resolution Science Operator at Texas A&M University is thanked for support with publication of this document. We thank Andre Droxler for initiating the planning for an IODP expedition to the Maldives and the other drilling proposal proponents, as well as the members of the Science Evaluation Panel (Chair: Dick Kroon) for making Expedition 359 possible.


Foreword

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) represents the latest incarnation of almost five decades of scientific ocean drilling excellence and is generally accepted as the most successful international collaboration in the history of the Earth sciences. IODP builds seamlessly on the accomplishments of previous phases: the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Ocean Drilling Program, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The 2013–2023 IODP Science Plan (Illuminating Earth’s Past, Present, and Future) defines four themes and thirteen challenges for this decade of scientific ocean drilling that are both of fundamental importance in understanding how the Earth works and of significant relevance to society as the Earth changes, at least in part in response to anthropogenic forcing. This phase of IODP represents a renewed level of international collaboration in bringing diverse drilling platforms and strategies to increasing our understanding of climate and ocean change, the deep biosphere and evolution of ecosystems, connections between Earth’s deep processes and surface manifestations, and geologically induced hazards on human timeframes.

The Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program presents the scientific and engineering results of IODP drilling projects, expedition by expedition. As in the preceding Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, expeditions in the new IODP are conducted by three implementing organizations, each providing a different drilling capability. These are the US Implementing Organization (USIO; through September 2014) and the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO; as of October 2014), providing the leased commercial vessel JOIDES Resolution for riserless drilling operations; JAMSTEC’s Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX), providing the drillship Chikyu for riser and occasional riserless operations; and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Science Operator (ESO), providing “mission-specific” platforms (MSPs) for expeditions that extend the IODP operational range where neither drillship is suitable, for example, in polar environments and in shallow waters. Scheduling decisions for each capability are made by three independent Facility Boards, each of which includes scientists, operators, and platform funding partners: the JOIDES Resolution Facility Board (JRFB), Chikyu IODP Board (CIB), and ECORD Facility Board (EFB). At the beginning of the new IODP, the three Facility Boards agreed to utilize Publication Services at the USIO and now the JRSO for production of all expedition Proceedings volumes and reports.

The new IODP differs from prior scientific ocean drilling programs in that it has neither a central management organization nor commingled funding for program-wide activities. Yet this phase of IODP retains a fundamental integrative structural element: a “bottom-up” evaluation of all proposals for drilling expeditions by a single advisory structure composed of scientists representing all international program partners. International scientists may submit drilling proposals to the Science Support Office; all submitted proposals are then evaluated by a Science Evaluation Panel in the context of the Science Plan.

The new IODP also has a second internationally integrative level for high-level discussion and consensus-building: the IODP Forum. The Forum is charged with assessing program-wide progress toward achieving the Science Plan. At present, IODP involves 26 international financial partners, including the United States, Japan, an Australia/New Zealand consortium (ANZIC), Brazil, China, India, South Korea, and the eighteen members of ECORD (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). This enhanced membership in the new IODP represents a remarkable level of international collaboration that remains one of the greatest ongoing strengths of scientific ocean drilling.

James A. Austin Jr.
Chair, IODP Forum


Reviewers for this volume

Denise K. Kulhanek
Peter Swart


International Ocean Discovery Program

JOIDES Resolution Science Operator

Website: http://iodp.tamu.edu

IODP JRSO

International Ocean Discovery Program

Texas A&M University

1000 Discovery Drive

College Station TX 77845-9547

USA

Tel: (979) 845-2673; Fax: (979) 845-4857

Email: information@iodp.tamu.edu

IODP JRSO Curation and Laboratories

IODP Gulf Coast Repository (GCR)

Texas A&M University

1000 Discovery Drive

College Station TX 77845-9547

USA

Tel: (979) 845-8490; Fax: (979) 845-1303

Email: rumford@iodp.tamu.edu

European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, Science Operator (ESO)

Website: http://www.eso.ecord.org

IODP ESO Coordinator: Science, Logistics, and Operations

British Geological Survey

The Lyell Centre

Research Avenue South

Edinburgh EH14 4AP

United Kingdom

Tel: (44) 131-667-1000; Fax: (44) 131-668-4140

Email: eso@bgs.ac.uk

IODP ESO Petrophysics

European Petrophysics Consortium

Department of Geology

University of Leicester

Leicester LE1 7RH

United Kingdom

Tel: (44) 116-252-3611; Fax: (44) 116-252-3918

Email: sjd27@leicester.ac.uk

IODP ESO Curation and Laboratories

IODP Bremen Core Repository (BCR)

Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)

University of Bremen

Leobener Strasse

28359 Bremen

Germany

Tel: (49) 421-218-65560; Fax: (49) 421-218-98-65560

Email: bcr@marum.de

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

Website: http://www.jamstec.go.jp/chikyu/e

IODP Japan Science Operator

Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX)

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences

3175-25 Showa-machi

Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama

Kanagawa 236-0001

Japan

Tel: (81) 45-778-5643; Fax: (81) 45-778-5704

Email: cdex@jamstec.go.jp

IODP Japan Curation and Laboratories

IODP Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research (KCC)

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

200 Monobe Otsu

3175-25 Showa-machi

Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8502

Japan

Tel: (81) 88-864-6705; Fax: (81) 88-878-2192

Email: kcc.contact@jamstec.go.jp


Expedition 359 participants*

Expedition 359 scientists

Christian G. Betzler

Co-Chief Scientist

Institute of Geology

CEN, University of Hamburg

Bundesstrasse 55

Hamburg 20146

Germany

christian.betzler@uni-hamburg.de

Gregor P. Eberli

Co-Chief Scientist

Department of Marine Geosciences

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science

University of Miami

Miami FL 33149

USA

geberli@rsmas.miami.edu

Carlos A. Alvarez Zarikian

Expedition Project Manager/Staff Scientist

International Ocean Discovery Program

Texas A&M University

1000 Discovery Drive

College Station TX 77845

USA

zarikian@iodp.tamu.edu

Montserrat Alonso-García

Paleontologist (foraminifers)

Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)

Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6

1495-006 Lisboa

Portugal

montserrat.alonso@ipma.pt

Present address:

Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR)

Universidade do Algarve

Campus de Gambelas

8005-139 Faro

Portugal

Or M. Bialik

Sedimentologist

Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences

The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences

University of Haifa

Carmel 31905

Israel

obialik@campus.haifa.ac.il

Clara L. Blättler

Inorganic Geochemist

Department of Geosciences

Princeton University

Guyot Hall

Princeton NJ 08544

USA

blattler@princeton.edu

Junhua Adam Guo

Physical Properties Specialist

Department of Geological Sciences

California State University Bakersfield

9001 Stockdale Highway

Bakersfield CA 93311

USA

jguo1@csub.edu

Sébastien Haffen

Physical Properties Specialist

Ecole Nationale Superieure de Geologie

Universite de Lorraine

2 rue du Doyen Marcel Roubault

54501 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy

France

sebastien.haffen@gmail.com

Senay Horozal

Physical Properties Specialist

Petroleum and Marine Research Division

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)

Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu

Daejeon 305-350

Republic of Korea

shorozal@kigam.re.kr

Mayuri Inoue

Inorganic Geochemist

Okayama University

Department of Earth Sciences

3-1-1 Tsushima-naka 700-8530

Japan

inouem@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp

Luigi Jovane

Paleomagnetist

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

Praça do Oceanográfico 191

São Paulo SP 05508-120

Brazil

jovane@usp.br

Dick Kroon

Paleontologist (foraminifers)

Department of Geology and Geophysics

University of Edinburgh

Grant Institute, The King's Buildings, James Hutton Road

Edinburgh EH9 3FE

United Kingdom

dick.kroon@ed.ac.uk

Luca Lanci

Paleomagnetist

Istituto di Scienze della Terra

Università di Urbino

Via S. Chiara 27

61029 Urbino

Italy

luca.lanci@uniurb.it

Juan Carlos Laya

Sedimentologist

Department of Geology and Geophysics and
Berg-Hughes Center for Petroleum and Sedimentary Systems

Texas A&M University

Mail Stop 3115

College Station TX 77843-3115

USA

layajc@geos.tamu.edu

Anna Ling Hui Mee

Sedimentologist

Department of Marine Geosciences

University of Miami

RSMAS MGG N260

Key Biscayne FL 33149

USA

a.ling@rsmas.miami.edu

Thomas Lüdmann

Downhole Measurements

Institute of Geology

CEN, University of Hamburg

Bundesstrasse 55

20146 Hamburg

Germany

thomas.luedmann@uni-hamburg.de

Masatoshi Nakakuni

Organic Geochemist

Soka University

Department of Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis

1-236 Tangi-cyo

Hachioji-shi

Tokyo 192-0003

Japan

e13d5702@soka-u.jp

Bejugam N. Nath

Sedimentologist

Geological Oceanography Division

CSIR—National Institute of Oceanography

Dona Paula

Goa 403004

India

nagender@nio.org

Kaoru Niino

Paleontologist (radiolarians)

Yamagata University

Graduate School of Science and Engineering

1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi

Yamagata City 990-8560

Japan

s14e510m@st.yamagata-u.ac.jp

Loren M. Petruny

Paleontologist (benthic foraminifers)

Environmental Science and Policy Department

David King Hall Room 3005, MSN 5F2

George Mason University

4400 University Drive

Fairfax VA 22030-4444

USA

lpetruny@gmu.edu

Santi D. Pratiwi

Paleontologist (nannofossils)

Akita University

Faculty of International Resource Science

1-1 Teagata-Gakuencho

Akita 010-8502

Japan

rhabdosphaera@gmail.com

John J.G. Reijmer

Sedimentologist

Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

De Boelelaan 1085

1081 HV Amsterdam

Netherlands

j.j.g.reijmer@vu.nl

Jesús Reolid

Sedimentologist

Institute of Geology

CEN, University of Hamburg

Bundesstrasse 55

20146 Hamburg

Germany

jesus.reolid@uni-hamburg.de

Angela L. Slagle

Downhole Measurements

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

Columbia University

Borehole Building 61 Route 9W

Palisades NY 10964

USA

aslagle@ldeo.columbia.edu

Craig R. Sloss

Sedimentologist

School of Earth, Environment, and Biological Sciences

Queensland University of Technology

R-Block 317, 2 George Street

Brisbane QLD 4001

Australia

c.sloss@qut.edu.au

Xiang Su

Paleontologist (nannofossils)

Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology

South China Sea Institute of Oceanology

Chinese Academy of Sciences

164 West Xingang Road

Guangzhou 510301

China

suxiang@scsio.ac.cn

Peter K. Swart

Inorganic Geochemist

Department of Marine Geosciences

University of Miami

4600 Rickenbacker Causeway

Miami FL 33148

USA

pswart@rsmas.miami.edu

James D. Wright

Stratigraphic Correlator

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

610 Taylor Road

Piscataway NJ 08854-8066

USA

jdwright@rci.rutgers.edu

Zhengquan Yao

Sedimentologist

Department of Marine Geology

First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) State Oceanic Administration (SOA)

6 Xian Xia Ling Road

Qingdao Shandong 266061

China

yaozq@126.com

Jeremy R. Young

Paleontologist (nannofossils)

Earth Sciences

University College London

Gower Street

London WC1E 6BT

United Kingdom

jeremy.young@ucl.ac.uk

Education and outreach

Juliet M. Crowell

Education/Outreach Officer

1390 Bryant Street Northeast Apartment 304

Washington DC 20018

USA

belize67@aol.com

crowelljuliet@gmail.com

Michelle D. Darrieu

Education/Outreach Officer

Rue de la fauvette, 2

1180 Bruxelles

Belgium

michele_darrieu@hotmail.com

*Addresses at time of expedition, except where updated by participants.

Operational and technical staff

Siem Offshore AS officials

Steve Bradley

Master of the Drilling Vessel

Wayne Malone

Offshore Installation Manager

JRSO shipboard personnel and technical representatives

Robert Aduddell

Engineer

Timothy Blaisdell

Applications Developer

Courtney Bouchard

Marine Laboratory Specialist (temporary)

Lisa Brandt

Chemistry Laboratory

Timothy Bronk

Assistant Laboratory Officer

Chad Broyles

Curatorial Specialist

Lisa Crowder

Laboratory Officer

Douglas Cummings

Publications Specialist

Benjamin Daniel

Thin Section Laboratory

William Davidson

Marine Laboratory Specialist (temporary)

Daniel Fields

Marine Laboratory Specialist (temporary)

Seth Frank

X-Ray/Microbiology Laboratory

Timothy Fulton

Imaging Specialist

Clayton Furman

Logging Engineer

Randy Gjesvold

Marine Instrumentation Specialist

Rachael Gray

Chemistry Laboratory

Margaret Hastedt

Core Laboratory

Sandra Herrmann

Assistant Laboratory Officer

Michael Hodge

Marine Computer Specialist

Minh Nhut Huynh

Marine Computer Specialist

Mike Meiring

Electronics Specialist

Shawn Miller

Marine Laboratory Specialist (temporary)

Beth Novak

Paleomagnetism Laboratory

Michael Storms

Operations Superintendent

Garrick Van Rensburg

Marine Instrumentation Specialist

Hai (James) Zhao

Applications Developer

IODP Publication Services staff*

Douglas Cummings

Graphics Specialist II

Gudelia (“Gigi”) Delgado

Senior Publications Coordinator

Ekanta Desai

Graphics Specialist II

Patrick H. Edwards

Production Specialist IV

Jaime A. Gracia

Supervisor of Production and Graphics

Jenni Hesse

Editor III

Rhonda Kappler

Graphics Specialist III

Shana C. Lewis

Editor III

Ginny Lowe

Reports Coordinator

Amy McWilliams

Editor IV

Lorri Peters

Manager of Publication Services

Kenneth Sherar

Production Specialist III

Alyssa Stephens

Graphics Specialist III

Courtney Van Gemert

Production Specialist I

Crystal Wolfe

Production Specialist III

Jean Wulfson

Graphics Specialist III

Ann Yeager

Distribution Specialist

*At time of publication.

Expedition-related bibliography*

Citation data for IODP publications and journal articles in RIS format

IODP publications

Scientific Prospectus

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Giosan, L., and Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., 2014. Expedition 359 Scientific Prospectus: Sea Level, Currents, and Monsoon Evolution in the Indian Ocean. International Ocean Discovery Program. http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.sp.359.2014

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., and Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., 2015. Sea level, currents, and monsoon evolution in the Indian Ocean. International Ocean Discovery Program Scientific Prospectus Addendum, 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.sp.359add.2015

Preliminary Report

Betzler, C.G., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, 2016. Expedition 359 Preliminary Report: Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. International Ocean Discovery Program. http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.359.2016

Proceedings volume

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, 2017. Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.2017

Expedition reports

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Expedition 359 summary. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.101.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Expedition 359 methods. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.102.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1465. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.103.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1466. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.104.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1467. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.105.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1468. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.106.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1469. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.107.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1470. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.108.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1471. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.109.2017

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Ling Hui Mee, A., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2017. Site U1472. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.110.2017

Young, J.R., Pratiwi, S., Su, X., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, 2017. Data report: surface seawater plankton sampling for coccolithophores undertaken during IODP Expedition 359. In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.111.2017

Supplementary material

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, 2017. Supplementary material, http//dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359supp.2017. Supplement to Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.2017

Expedition research results

Buchwalter, C., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and Liu, C., 2022. Data report: bulk sediment calcium carbonate and organic matter from IODP Expedition 359 Site U1471 (0–20 m CCSF). In Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Scientists, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 359: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.359.201.2022

Journals/Books

Alonso-Garcia, M., Rodrigues, T., Abrantes, F., Padilha, M., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Kunkelova, T., Wright, J.D., and Betzler, C., 2019. Sea-surface temperature, productivity and hydrological changes in the northern Indian Ocean (Maldives) during the interval ∼575–175 ka (MIS 14 to 7). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 536:109376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109376

Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Nadiri, C., Alonso-García, M., Rodrigues, T., Huang, H.-H.M., Lindhorst, S., Kunkelova, T., Kroon, D., Betzler, C., and Yasuhara, M., 2022. Ostracod response to monsoon and OMZ variability over the past 1.2 Myr. Marine Micropaleontology, 174:102–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2022.102105

Archontikis, O.A., and Young, J.R., 2020. Extant Ceratolithus cristatus life-cycle observations and taxonomic simplification. Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 38(1):27–39.

Arundhathy, M., Jyothibabu, R., Santhikrishnan, S., Albin, K.J., Parthasarathi, S., and Rashid, C.P., 2021. Coccolithophores: an environmentally significant and understudied phytoplankton group in the Indian Ocean. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(3):144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08794-1

Auer, G., Bialik, O.M., Antoulas, M.E., Vogt-Vincent, N., and Piller, W.E., 2023. Biotic response of plankton communities to Middle to Late Miocene monsoon wind and nutrient flux changes in the Oman margin upwelling zone. Climate of the Past, 19(11):2313–2340. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2313-2023

Bassi, D., Bolivar-Feriche, M., Renema, W., Braga, J.C., Pignatti, J., Di Domenico, G., Fujita, K., Lipps, J.H., Reolid, J., and Iryu, Y., 2022. Larger porcelaneous foraminifera with a common ancestor: the Neogene Indo-Pacific Flosculinella and Alveolinella (Alveolinoidea). Marine Micropaleontology, 173:102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2022.102124

Betzler, C., and Eberli, G.P., 2019. Miocene start of modern carbonate platforms. Geology, 47(8):771–775. https://doi.org/10.1130/G45994.1

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Kroon, D., Wright, J.D., Swart, P.K., Nath, B.N., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Mee, A.L.H., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2016. The abrupt onset of the modern South Asian Monsoon winds. Scientific Reports, 6(1):29838. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29838

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Lüdmann, T., Reolid, J., Kroon, D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Swart, P.K., Wright, J., Young, J.R., Alvarez-Zarikian, C., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Hui Mee, A.L., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., and Yao, Z., 2018. Refinement of Miocene sea level and monsoon events from the sedimentary archive of the Maldives (Indian Ocean). Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 5(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0165-x

Bialik, O.M., Auer, G., Ogawa, N.O., Kroon, D., Waldmann, N.D., and Ohkouchi, N., 2020. Monsoons, upwelling, and the deoxygenation of the northwestern Indian Ocean in response to middle to late Miocene global climatic shifts. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 35(2):e2019PA003762. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003762

Bialik, O.M., Frank, M., Betzler, C., Zammit, R., and Waldmann, N.D., 2019. Two-step closure of the Miocene Indian Ocean gateway to the Mediterranean. Scientific Reports, 9(1):8842. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45308-7

Bialik, O.M., Reolid, J., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., and Waldmann, N.D., 2020. Source shifts to periplatform deposits during the early to middle Miocene in response to climatic and oceanographic forcing, Maldives, western Indian Ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 559:109969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109969

Blättler, C.L., Higgins, J.A., and Swart, P.K., 2019. Advected glacial seawater preserved in the subsurface of the Maldives carbonate edifice. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 257:80–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.04.030

Bressan, T.S., Kehl de Souza, M., Girelli, T.J., and Junior, F.C., 2020. Evaluation of machine learning methods for lithology classification using geophysical data. Computers & Geosciences, 139:104475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104475

Carrasqueira, I.d.F., Gustavo , Jovane, L., Droxler, A.W., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Lanci, L., Alonso-Garcia, M., Laya, J.C., and Kroon, D., 2023. Anomalous widespread arid events in Asia over the past 550,000 years. PNAS Nexus. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad175

Carrasqueira, I.G.d.F., 2019. 500 thousand years of climatic evolution of the Indian-Asian land mass: an eolian record from Maldives [MS thesis]. University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.11606/D.21.2019.tde-17012019-103719

Carrasqueira, I.G.d.F., Lanci, L., and Jovane, L., 2024. Evidence of magnetite reduction and primary magnetization destruction during early diagenesis in sediments from Maldives Inner Sea. Ocean and Coastal Research, Case Report 72. http://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824072.23114

Christensen, B.A., De Vleeschouwer, D., Henderiks, J., Groeneveld, J., Auer, G., Drury, A.J., Karatsolis, B.T., Lyu, J., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., and Kroon, D., 2021. Late Miocene onset of Tasman leakage and Southern Hemisphere supergyre ushers in near-modern circulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(18):e2021GL095036. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095036

Clift, P.D., Betzler, C., Clemens, S.C., Christensen, B., Eberli, G.P., France-Lanord, C., Gallagher, S., Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., Murray, R.W., Rosenthal, Y., Tada, R., and Wan, S., 2022. A synthesis of monsoon exploration in the Asian marginal seas. Scientific Drilling, 31:1–29. https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-1-2022

Coletti, G., Stainbank, S., Fabbrini, A., Spezzaferri, S., Foubert, A., Kroon, D., and Betzler, C., 2018. Biostratigraphy of large benthic foraminifera from Hole U1468A (Maldives): a CT-scan taxonomic approach. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 111(3):523–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0306-7

Dawson, H.L., Dubrule, O., and John, C.M., 2023. Impact of dataset size and convolutional neural network architecture on transfer learning for carbonate rock classification. Computers & Geosciences, 171:105284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2022.105284

Dey, R., Ghosh, A.K., Bhaumik, A.K., Chakraborty, A., Saxena, S., and Roy, L., 2021. Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera from northern Indian Ocean (Andaman and Nicobar Islands): interpretation on cooling event and ocean upwelling. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 51(3):115–138. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.51.3.115

Eberli, G.P., and Betzler, C., 2019. Characteristics of modern carbonate contourite drifts. Sedimentology, 66(4):1163–1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12584

Han, W., Ye, C., Lü, S., Zhang, T., Fang, X., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., and Yan, M., 2023. Middle-Late Miocene paleoenvironmental evolution and its implications for hominoid distribution in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. CATENA, 220:106676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106676

Keuter, S., Young, J.R., Koplovitz, G., Zingone, A., and Frada, M.J., 2021. Novel heterococcolithophores, holococcolithophores and life cycle combinations from the families Syracosphaeraceae and Papposphaeraceae and the genus Florisphaera. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 40(2):75–99. https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-75-2021

Kunkelova, T., Jung, S.J.A., de Leau, E.S., Odling, N., Thomas, A.L., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Mee, A.L.H., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Lüdmann, T., Bejugam, N.N., Nakakuni, M., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., Young, J.R., Lindhorst, S., Stainbank, S., Rueggeberg, A., Spezzaferri, S., Carrasqueira, I., Yu, S., and Kroon, D., 2018. A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 5(1):86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0238-x

Kunnummal, P., and Anand, S.P., 2019. Qualitative appraisal of high resolution satellite derived free air gravity anomalies over the Maldive Ridge and adjoining ocean basins, western Indian Ocean. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 169:199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.08.008

Lanci, L., Zanella, E., Jovane, L., Galeotti, S., Alonso-García, M., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Bejugam, N.N., Betzler, C., Bialik, O.M., Blättler, C.L., Eberli, G.P., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Kroon, D., Laya, J.C., Hui Mee, A.L., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2019. Dataset of characteristic remanent magnetization and magnetic properties of early Pliocene sediments from IODP Site U1467 (Maldives platform). Data in Brief, 27:104666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104666

Lanci, L., Zanella, E., Jovane, L., Galeotti, S., Alonso-Garcia, M., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Bejugam, N.N., Betzler, C., Bialik, O.M., Blattler, C.L., Eberli, G.P., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Kroon, D., Laya, J.C., Mee, A.L.H., Lüdmann, T., Nakakuni, M., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Reolid, J., Slagle, A.L., Sloss, C.R., Xiang, S., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Zhengquan, Y., and Young, J.R., 2019. Magnetic properties of early Pliocene sediments from IODP Site U1467 (Maldives platform) reveal changes in the monsoon system. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 533:109283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109283

Lindhorst, S., Betzler, C., and Kroon, D., 2019. Wind variability over the northern Indian Ocean during the past 4 million years: insights from coarse aeolian dust (IODP Exp. 359, Site U1467, Maldives). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 536:109371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109371

Ling, A., Eberli, G.P., Swart, P.K., Reolid, J., Stainbank, S., Rüggeberg, A., and Betzler, C., 2021. Middle Miocene platform drowning in the Maldives associated with monsoon-related intensification of currents. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 567:110275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110275

Lüdmann, T., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Reolid, J., Reijmer, J.J.G., Sloss, C.R., Bialik, O.M., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-Garcia, M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Mee, A.L.H., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Slagle, A.L., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2018. Carbonate delta drift: a new sediment drift type. Marine Geology, 401:98–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.04.011

Lüdmann, T., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Reolid, J., Reijmer, J.J.G., Sloss, C.R., Bialik, O.M., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Alonso-García, M., Blättler, C.L., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Mee, A.L.H., Nakakuni, M., Nath, B.N., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Slagle, A.L., Su, X., Swart, P.K., Wright, J.D., Yao, Z., and Young, J.R., 2018. Corrigendum to “Carbonate delta drift: a new sediment drift type” [Mar. Geol. 401 (2018) 98–111]. Marine Geology, 406:214–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.10.005

Lüdmann, T., Betzler, C., and Lindhorst, S., 2022. The Maldives, a key location of carbonate drifts. Marine Geology, 450:106838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106838

Lüdmann, T., Betzler, C., Lindhorst, S., Lahajnar, N., and Hübscher, C., 2022. Submarine landsliding in carbonate ooze along low-angle slopes (Inner Sea, Maldives). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 136:105403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105403

Mohammadi, O., 2020. A late Pleistocene record of highstand shedding and dust flux from the inner sea of the Maldives: Site U1467, IODP 359 [MS thesis]. California State University, Bakersfield, CA. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2404643674?pq-origsite=gscholar

Moore, E.W., and Swart, P.K., 2022. Evidence for recrystallization and fluid advection in the Maldives using the sulfur isotopic composition of porewaters, carbonates, and celestine. Chemical Geology, 609:121062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121062

Mungekar, T.V., Naik, S.S., Nath, B.N., and Pandey, D.K., 2020. Shell weights of foraminifera trace atmospheric CO2 from the Miocene to Pleistocene in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Journal of Earth System Science, 129(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-1348-6

Nakakuni, M., Takehara, K., Swart, P.K., and Yamamoto, S., 2020. The contribution of prokaryotes and terrestrial plants to Maldives inter-atoll sapropels: evidence from organic biomarkers. Organic Geochemistry, 145:104039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104039

Prince, K., Laya, J.C., Budd, D., Manche, C.J., and Jacquemyn, C., 2024. Dolomite occurrence within drift deposits, Maldives archipelago. Sedimentary Geology, 470:106711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2024.106711

Prince, K.C., 2020. Sea-level versus bottom-current influenced diagenesis [PhD dissertation]. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/191825

Reolid, J., 2021. Ichnofabric logs and the geochemistry of sapropels (Miocene, Maldives). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 124:104855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104855

Reolid, J., and Betzler, C., 2018. Ichnofabric logs for the characterization of the organic content in carbonates. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 95:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.04.019

Reolid, J., and Betzler, C., 2019. The ichnology of carbonate drifts. Sedimentology, 66(4):1427–1448. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12563

Reolid, J., Betzler, C., Braga, J.C., Lüdmann, T., Ling, A., and Eberli, G.P., 2020. Facies and geometry of drowning steps in a Miocene carbonate platform (Maldives). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 538:109455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109455

Reolid, J., Betzler, C., and Lüdmann, T., 2019. Facies and sedimentology of a carbonate delta drift (Miocene, Maldives). Sedimentology, 66(4):1243–1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12575

Reolid, J., Betzler, C., and Lüdmann, T., 2019. The record of Oligocene-middle Miocene paleoenvironmental changes in a carbonate platform (IODP Exp. 359, Maldives, Indian Ocean). Marine Geology, 412:199–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2019.03.011

Sarr, A.-C., Donnadieu, Y., Bolton, C.T., Ladant, J.-B., Licht, A., Fluteau, F., Laugié, M., Tardif, D., and Dupont-Nivet, G., 2022. Neogene South Asian monsoon rainfall and wind histories diverged due to topographic effects. Nature Geoscience, 15(4):314–319. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00919-0

Shinde, D., 2019. Response of Globigerina bulloides to monsoon from the Miocene to Pleistocene in the central equatorial Indian Ocean [MS thesis]. Goa University, India. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26053.12007

Spezzaferri, S., Young, J., Stainbank, S., Coletti, G., and Kroon, D., 2022. Improved planktonic, benthic foraminiferal and nannofossil biostratigraphy aids the interpretation of the evolution at Hole U1468A: IODP Expedition 359, the Maldives. Geosciences, 12(6):239. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060239

Sreevidya, E., Mascarenhas-Pereira, M.B.L., Nath, B.N., Sijinkumar, A.V., and Kumar, P., 2024. Shell size variation of pteropod Heliconoides inflatus: inferences on Indian Ocean carbonate chemistry during late Quaternary. Geo-Marine Letters, 44(2):10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-024-00772-7

Sreevidya, E., Sijinkumar, A.V., and Nath, B.N., 2019. Aragonite pteropod abundance and preservation records from the Maldives, equatorial Indian Ocean: inferences on past oceanic carbonate saturation and dissolution events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 534:109313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109313

Sreevidya, E., Sijinkumar, A.V., and Nath, B.N., 2022. Palaeoceanographic significance of aragonitic pteropods in the Indian Ocean – a review. Boreas, 51(1):1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12540

Stainbank, S., Kroon, D., de Leau, E.S., and Spezzaferri, S., 2021. Using past interglacial temperature maxima to explore transgressions in modern Maldivian coral and Amphistegina bleaching thresholds. Scientific Reports, 11(1):10267. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89697-0

Stainbank, S., Kroon, D., Rüggeberg, A., Raddatz, J., de Leau, E.S., Zhang, M., and Spezzaferri, S., 2019. Controls on planktonic foraminifera apparent calcification depths for the northern equatorial Indian Ocean. PLOS ONE, 14(9):e0222299. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222299

Stainbank, S., Spezzaferri, S., De Boever, E., Bouvier, A.-S., Chilcott, C., de Leau, E.S., Foubert, A., Kunkelova, T., Pichevin, L., Raddatz, J., Rüggeberg, A., Wright, J.D., Yu, S.M., Zhang, M., and Kroon, D., 2020. Assessing the impact of diagenesis on foraminiferal geochemistry from a low latitude, shallow-water drift deposit. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 545:116390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116390

Stainbank, S., Spezzaferri, S., Kroon, D., de Leau, E.S., and Rüggeberg, A., 2018. The Planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides eoconglobatus n. sp. in a glacial–interglacial context: IODP 359 Sites U1467 and U1468. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 111(3):511–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0304-9

Stainbank, S., Spezzaferri, S., Rüggeberg, A., Raddatz, J., de Leau, E.S., Yu, S.M., Zhang, M., and Kroon, D., 2021. Monsoon and tropical climate forcing on the physicochemical and thermocline characteristics of the Maldives Inner Sea: insights from Marine Isotope Stages 1–2 and 10–13. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36(6):e2020PA004105. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004105

Sun, Y., Wang, T., Yin, Q., Lyu, A., Crucifix, M., Cai, Y., Ai, L., Clemens, S., and An, Z., 2022. A review of orbital-scale monsoon variability and dynamics in East Asia during the Quaternary. Quaternary Science Reviews, 288:107593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107593

Swart, P.K., Blättler, C.L., Nakakuni, M., Mackenzie, G.J., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Reolid, J., Alonso-García, M., Slagle, A.L., Wright, J.D., Kroon, D., Reijmer, J.J.G., Hui Mee, A.L., Young, J.R., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Bialik, O.M., Guo, J.A., Haffen, S., Horozal, S., Inoue, M., Jovane, L., Lanci, L., Laya, J.C., Lüdmann, T., Nagender Nath, B., Niino, K., Petruny, L.M., Pratiwi, S.D., Xiang, S., Sloss, C.R., and Zhengquan, Y., 2019. Cyclic anoxia and organic rich carbonate sediments within a drowned carbonate platform linked to Antarctic ice volume changes: late Oligocene-early Miocene Maldives. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 521:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.019

Swart, P.K., Mackenzie, G.J., Eberli, G.P., Lüdmann, T., and Betzler, C., 2019. Do drifts deposited adjacent to carbonate platforms record the signal of global carbon isotopic values? Carbonate Contourites and Drifts, 66(4):1410–1426. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12580

Tada, R., and Murray, R.W., 2016. Preface for the article collection “Land–Ocean Linkages under the Influence of the Asian Monsoon”. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 3(1):24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-016-0100-y

Tang, L.-G., Su, X., Yang, Y.-P., and Xiang, R., 2021. Sedimentary response to sea level and climate changes in the inner sea of Maldives carbonate platform over the past 30 kyr. Palaeoworld, 30(3):573−582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2020.09.003

Tse, C.-h., 2018. Unsupervised learning on scientific ocean drill datasets in the South China Sea [PhD dissertation]. The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/261495

Van der Looven, T., 2019. Stratigraphic forward modelling the late Oligocene to middle Miocene evolution of the Maldives carbonate platform (Indian Ocean) [MS thesis]. Ghent University, Belgium. https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/002/790/342/RUG01-002790342_2019_0001_AC.pdf

Van der Looven, T., Winterleitner, G., Betzler, C., and Mutti, M., 2022. A biotic perspective on the Oligo-Miocene evolution of the Maldives carbonate platform from forward stratigraphic modelling (Indian Ocean). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 145:105907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105907

Wang, P., Clemens, S.C., Tada, R., and Murray, R.W., 2019. Blowing in the monsoon wind. Oceanography, 32(1):48–59. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.119

Wang, P., Tada, R., and Clemens, S., 2018. Global monsoon and ocean drilling. Scientific Drilling, 24:87–91. https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-87-2018

Wang, P.X., Wang, B., Cheng, H., Fasullo, J., Guo, Z., Kiefer, T., and Liu, Z., 2017. The global monsoon across time scales: mechanisms and outstanding issues. Earth-Science Reviews, 174:84–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.006

Weger, R.J., Baechle, G.T., Shen, S., and Eberli, G.P., 2024. Significance of sonic velocities in limestones and dolostones: a comprehensive study revealing limited impact of mineralogy. Minerals, 14(5):509. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14050509

Wood, M.M., Blättler, C.L., Kolevica, A., Eisenhauer, A., and Paytan, A., 2024. Stable and radiogenic strontium isotopes trace the composition and diagenetic alteration of remnant glacial seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.10.028

Wu, F., Jian, Z., Xie, X., Bialik, O.M., and Reolid, J., 2024. Records of Burdigalian sea level and paleoclimate in the Maldives carbonate system. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1466216

Xu, K., Ren, J., Kemp, D.B., Huang, C., Lei, C., and Sun, Z., 2023. Astrochronology of the late Oligocene-Middle Miocene in the Maldives, central Indian Ocean. Global and Planetary Change, 230:104291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104291

Yao, Z., Shi, X., Guo, Z., Li, X., Nath, B.N., Betzler, C., Zhang, H., Lindhorst, S., and Miriyala, P., 2023. Weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon linked to interhemispheric ice-sheet growth since 12 Ma. Nature Communications, 14(1):829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36537-6

Yin, S., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Fan, W., and Li, J., 2024. Efficient organic carbon burial by bottom currents in the ocean: a potential role in climate modulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 51(14):e2024GL109444. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109444

Young, J.R., Archontikis, O.A., Su, X., and Pratiwi, S.D., 2021. Nannofossil palaeoecology of Lower Miocene sapropels from IODP Expedition 359, the Maldives. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 571:110325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110325

Yu, M., 2018. The formation and extinction of the South China Sea: geochemical limitations of Cenozoic igneous rocks in the South China Sea and its surroundings [PhD dissertation]. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou, China. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-80165-1018073472.htm

Conferences

Alonso-Garcia, M., Rodrigues, T., Alvarez-Zarikian, C.A., Petruny, L.M, Padilha, M., Kroon, D., Wright, J.D., Su, X., Inoue, M., and the IODP Expedition 359 Scientists, 2017. Late Pleistocene climatic and oceanographic variability in the Indian Ocean revealed by the Maldives Sea record of IODP Site U1467. Presented at the 2017 PAGES Open Science Meeting, Zaragoza, Spain, 9–13 May 2017.

Alonso-García, M., Rodrigues, T., Padilha, M., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Kroon, D., Kunkelová, T., Betzler, C., Inoue, M., Kawahata, H., and Abrantes, F.F.G., 2018. Sea surface temperature and productivity in the Northern Indian Ocean (Maldives Sea) during the last 550 ka (MIS 13 to present). Presented at the 2018 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Washington, DC, 10–14 December 2018.

Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Nadiri, C., Petruny, L.M., Alonso-Garca, M., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., and IODP Expedition 359 Scientists, 2016. A tropical Pleistocene record of changes in bottom water conditions from the Maldives Inner Sea (IODP Site U1467), Indian Ocean, based on benthic calcareous microfossils. Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016.

Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Nadiri, C., Alonso-Garcia, M., Petruny, L., Hernandez, P., Kroon, D., Wright, J., Eberli, G.P., and Betzler, C., 2017. Ostracod-based reconstruction of bottom water conditions in the inner sea of the Maldives during the Pleistocene (IODP Site U1467, northern Indian Ocean). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 49(6):302. https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017AM-303155

Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Nadiri, C., Alonso-García, M., Hernandez, P., Marcantonio, F., Kroon, D., Kunkelová, T., Betzler, C., Rodrigues, T., and Lindhorst, S., 2018. Ostracod response to late Pleistocene oceanographic changes in the tropical Indian Ocean. Presented at the 2018 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Washington, DC, 10–14 December 2018.

Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Nadiri, C., Alonso-Garcia, M., Rodrigues, T., Huang, H.-H.M., Lindhorst, S., Kunkelova, T., Kroon, D., Betzler, C., and Yasuhara, M., 2021. Ostracod response to Pleistocene monsoon intensification and oxygen minimum zone expansion in the equatorial Indian Ocean, IODP Site U1467. Presented at the 2021 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 13–17 December 2021.

Alves, W.N., Stimpfle, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Araújo Praxedes, R., and Brandão, S.N., 2023. Neohornibrookella sp. nov. 1 (Ostracoda: Crustacea) do Holoceno do Mar das Maldivas, Oceano Índico (Furo U1470, Expedição 359 do IODP). Presented at the III Reunião de Ostracodólogos do Brasil, Recife, Brasil, 3–6 October 2023.

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Zarikian, C., and the IODP Expedition 359 Scientists Team, 2016. IODP Expedition 359: Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 18:EGU2016-5572. http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-5572.pdf

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Kroon, D., Wright, J.D., Swart, P.K., Nath, B.N., Reijmer, J., and Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., 2016. The abrupt onset of the modern South Asian Monsoon winds (IODP Exp.359). Presented at the 2016 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 11–15 December 2016.

Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Kroon, D., Lüdmann, T., Reijmer, J.J.G, Swart, P.K., Wright, J., and Alvarez-Zarikian, C., 2017. Cenozoic neritic carbonates in the Maldives controlled by sea level and ocean currents. Presented at the 2017 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, 2–5 April 2017. http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2017/90291ace/abstracts/2609420.html

Betzler, C., Kroon, D., Lindhorst, S., Reolid, J., Lüdmann, T., and Eberli, G.P., 2017. A carbonate platform record of Neogene paleoenvironmental changes in the Indian Ocean (Maldives). Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017.

Betzler, C., Lindhorst, S., Kroon, D., and Giosan, L., 2019. A 4 million year record of wind variability over the Indian Ocean (IODP Exp. 359, Site U1467, Maldives). Geophysical Research Abstracts, 21:EGU2019-5092. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-5092.pdf

Carrasqueira, I., Jovane, L., Droxler, A., Kroon, L.D., Lanci, L., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and the Expedition 359 Science Party, 2019. Extremely humid abrupt climate events, Asian monsoon system and diagenesis of biogenic magnetite detected by magnetic properties and XRF core scanning of IODP Site U1471, in the Maldives. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 21:EGU2019-14132. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-14132.pdf

Costa, V.M.d.M., Stimpfle, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Araújo Praxedes, R., and Brandão, S.N., 2023. Quasibradleya sp. nov. 1 (Ostracoda: Crustacea) do Holoceno do Mar das Maldivas, Oceano Índico (Furo U1470, Expedição 359 do IODP). Presented at the III Reunião de Ostracodólogos do Brasil, Recife, Brasil, 3–6 October 2023.

Kunkelová, T., Kroon, D., Jung, S., de Leau, E.S., Odling, N., Spezzaferri, S., Hayman, S., Alonso-Garcia, M., Wright, J.D., Alvarez Zarikian, C., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Jovane, L., Laya, J.C., Hui-Mee, A.L., Reijmer, J., Reolid, J., Sloss, C.R., and the Expedition 359 Scientific Party, 2017. Dust influx into the northern Indian Ocean over the last 1.5 Myr. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 19:EGU2017-1927-2011. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-1927-1.pdf

Laya, J.C., Prince, K., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Blättler, C.L., Swart, P.K., Reolid, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., and Reijmer, J., 2017. Cement distribution and diagenetic pathway of the Miocene sediments on Kardiva Platform, Maldives. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017.

Ling, A., Eberli, G., Betzler, C., Lüdmann, T., and Alvarez-Zarikian, C., 2017. Current-related platform drowning in the Maldives and the Indo-Pacific realm. Presented at the 2017 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, 2–5 April 2017. http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2017/90291ace/abstracts/2605423.html

Lüdmann, T., Eberli, G., Betzler, C., Nagender Nath, B., Bialik, O., Laya, J.C., Mee, A.H., Reijmer, J., Reolid, J., Slagle, A., Sloss, C.R., and Yao, Z., 2017. Discovery of coarse-grained carbonate drifts in the Maldives—implications for ancient deposits. Presented at the 2017 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, 2–5 April 2017. http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2017/90291ace/abstracts/2612659.html

Prince, K., Laya, J.C., Betzler, C., Eberli, G.P., Zarikian, C., Swart, P.K., Blättler, C.L., Reolid, J., and Reijmer, J., 2017. Isotopic evidence for platform exposure and diagenesis in the Miocene: implications for Southeast Asian platform evolution. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017.

Sá, H.A.B., Stimpfle, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Araújo Praxedes, R., and Brandão, S.N., 2023. Bradleya sp. nov. 1 (Ostracoda: Crustacea) do Holoceno do Mar das Maldivas, Oceano Índico (Furo U1470, Expedição 359 do IODP). Presented at the III Reunião de Ostracodólogos do Brasil, Recife, Brasil, 3–6 October 2023.

Silva, D.K.F., Stimpfle, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Araújo Praxedes, R., and Brandão, S.N., 2023. Lankacythere sp. nov. 1. (Ostracoda: Crustacea) do Holoceno do Mar das Maldivas, Oceano Índico (Furo U1470, Expedição 359 do IODP). Presented at the III Reunião de Ostracodólogos do Brasil, Recife, Brasil, 3–6 October 2023.

Slagle, A., Wright, J., Kroon, D., Lanci, L., Betzler, C., Eberli, G., Alvarez Zarikian, C. and Expedition 359 Scientists, 2017. Gamma radiation-based astronomical timescale for the Maldives: preliminary results from IODP Expedition 359, Maldives Monsoon and Sea Level. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 19:EGU2017-8130. http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-8130.pdf

Sloss, C.R., Betzler, C.G., Eberli, G.P., Lüdmann, T., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Reijmer, J.G., Reolid, J., Ling Hui Mee, A., Nothdruft, L., Trovimofs, T., Devereaux, A., and the IODP Expedition 359 Scientists, 2016. Facies scale depositional model for bottom-current controlled carbonate drift deposits. Presented at the 2016 Australian Quaternary Association (AQUA) meeting, Auckland, New Zealand, 5–9 December 2016.

Souza Alvez, M.B., Stimpfle, J., Alvarez Zarikian, C.A., Araújo Praxedes, R., and Brandão, S.N., 2023. Macrocyprina sp. nov. 1 (Ostracoda: Crustacea) do Holoceno do Mar das Maldivas, Oceano Índico (Furo U1470, Expedição 359 do IODP. Presented at the III Reunião de Ostracodólogos do Brasil, Recife, Brasil, 3–6 October 2023.

Yamamoto, M., Clemens, S.C., Zheng, H., and Tada, R., 2020. Cenozoic evolution of the Asian Monsoon and the Indo-Pacific paleoclimates. Presented at the 2020 Japan Geoscience Union/American Geophysical Union Joint Meeting, 24–28 May 2020. https://confit.atlas.jp/guide/event/jpgu2020/session/MIS05_28AM1/advanced

Yu, S.M., and Wright, J., 2017. Pleistocene thermocline reconstruction and oxygen minimum zone evolution in the Maldives. Presented at the 2017 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 11–15 December 2017.

*The Expedition-related bibliography is continually updated online. Please send updates to PubCrd@iodp.tamu.edu.